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Citizenship and Family Law in Tunisia and Iran: Domestic and International Influences
Full text linkThis paper compares two cases from the Middle East and North Africa region to highlight the salience of both domestic and international factors and forces in shaping and influencing women’s legal status and social positions as citizens of the body politic. Tunisian women have long had a legal advantage over their Iranian counterparts, and their political representation increased after the 2011 revolution and under the 2014 constitution, only to find that dire economic circumstances threatened their achieved rights. In Iran, the adverse effects on women’s legal status after the 1979 Islamic revolution slowly diminished, especially under Reformist political leadership, but the US imposition of ‘maximum pressure sanctions’ returned hardliners to office and halted women’s progress. The comparison of Iran and Tunisia builds on and adds to the literature on women’s citizenship by showing how countries with different political histories and legal frameworks can nonetheless be affected by external impositions: in Iran’s case, harsh US sanctions and in Tunisia’s case, lack of international financial support for the democratic transition
Introduction to the Special Section
Full text linkThis paper introduces the Special Section Can Criminal Justice Responses Empower Women? A Case Study of Domestic Abuse Disclosure Schemes. It locates the case study of Domestic Abuse Disclosure Schemes in a wider trend of expanded criminal justice responses to domestic abuse. It then outlines the introduction and format of the Domestic Abuse Disclosure Scheme in England and Wales in 2014, followed by schemes introduced in other jurisdictions. It goes on to discuss the development, uptake and wider contextualisation of the schemes, as well as the emerging body of academic research. Finally, the contributions of the four substantive papers in this Special Section are detailed
Exploring the Outcomes of Divergent Approaches to the Policy Making Process: Domestic Violence Disclosure Schemes and Perpetrator Registers in Australia
Full text linkIn April 2021 an Australian Government Inquiry recommended the Australian government commission research to explore the benefits and risks of the introduction of a publicly accessible register of convicted domestic, family and sexual violence perpetrators. At the time of the Inquiry’s recommendation, only one Australian jurisdiction had a domestic violence disclosure scheme (DVDS) in operation and no state had a publicly accessible sex offender register. A public register, if implemented, would represent a significant shift in the approach taken to achieving perpetrator accountability and better ensuring women’s safety. This article traces the decade leading up to this recommendation and the significant variance in policy and practice across Australian state and territory jurisdictions. To do so, it critically analyses the outcomes of two major state-level inquiries, which did not recommend the introduction of a DVDS or a public offender register. These case studies are presented alongside a contrasting case study of two other Australian states which, following the introduction of a DVDS in England and Wales, have adopted a DVDS with the stated objective of improving women’s safety through the provision of greater information about perpetrator histories and risk. The analysis draws together these case studies to question how the national-level inquiry arrived at its recommendation in the absence of either the effectiveness of DVDSs being established or clear advocacy in support of a public registry model in Australia. This Australian experience presents valuable learning on the policy-making process and the shifting reliance on evidence-based reform in lieu of publicly favoured punitive responses to domestic, family and sexual violence. The article calls for a return to principled policy making processes, underpinned by a commitment to delivering policy and practice that is seamless, accessible, fair and effective
Beyond Nostalgia: Networks of Indigenous World-Making with Paul Seesequasis
Full text linkPaul Seesequasis, a Plains Cree writer and journalist, discusses the significance of the Indigenous Archival Photo Project with Tanja Grubnic. He addresses how the social media–based archive restores visibility to historical photographs of Indigenous people whose identities have been marginalized through photography as an extractive art form under colonialism. The project initiates a collective process of memory reconstruction and world-making as community members identify friends, family members, and places in the images shared on the internet. Their conversation concludes by discussing the profound link between land and digital space. In consultation with Seesequasis, Grubnic has selected several images from the online project that honour the rich narratives of Indigenous communities across generations past, present, and future
Poiseuille Flow Through Chest Tubes: A Scoping Review
Full text linkBackground: Chest tubes are used daily to treat patients with chest pathologies such as haemothorax. However, there is much uncertainty around the fluid dynamics of chest tubes. Traditionally, authors have described fluid dynamics in chest tubes using Poiseuille’s law. However, in recent years authors have been challenging the applicability of Poiseuille’s law to chest tubes. It has been the norm for large-bore chest tubes to be used for larger fluid volumes such as haemothoraces because in theory, the larger the tube, the more efficient the drainage. Recently, however, there has been a shift to using smaller-bore catheters which are better tolerated by patients. It remains unclear what catheter size is best suited for drainage of fluids in differing chest pathologies. This scoping review was conducted to determine the current understanding of the hydrodynamics of fluid flow through chest tubes as well as addressing the long-standing debate on chest tube size.
Methods: The scoping review used the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Core key words were identified and Boolean Operator and Medical Subject Headings (MeSh) were used to search a range of databases to yield both peer-reviewed journal articles and grey literature. The literature identified went through a two-stage review process by the author and project supervisor, using Rayyan. To extract data, a thematic analysis was carried out on the final chosen papers.
Results: A total of 922 papers were identified from the search. After title and abstract review and further critical appraisal, a total of 15 final papers were included in the final scoping review. Primarily, these consisted of narrative studies summarising current practices, as well as several in-vitro laboratory experiments studying fluid dynamics through chest tubes. There was a general lack of literature on this topic overall. There was an increase in papers published between 2005-2010 but generally, over a 30-year period there has not been a big focus on this topic.
Conclusions: The scoping review has re-examined fluid flow through chest tubes that has been defined in the literature, particularly around Poiseuille’s law and flow. Many have concluded that the location and position of chest tubes and the clinical environment do not allow for Poiseuille flow to fully develop. Poiseuille’s law was also found to not be predictive of actual flow rates in different size chest tubes. Authors found discrepancies between predicted and measured flow rates. These discrepancies were attributed to the interruption in flow due to holes, kinks, positioning and other features of chest tubes, like three-way taps, which create resistance within the circuit. This review also looked at comparing small-bore chest tubes to large-bore chest tubes where common practice has been to insert large chest tubes for haemothorax or empyema based on principles of Poiseuille’s law. This review found that many authors are now in favour of using smaller-bore catheters due to lack of evidence that larger bore tubes offer any clinical advantage over smaller bore tubes.  
“I want to taste your language” : Sovereign Erotics and Language in Indigenous Women’s Poetry on Turtle Island
Full text linkThis paper builds on an extensive pool of Indigenous women’s artistic and intellectual expressions to explore Indigenous women’s erotic poetry as a decolonizing intervention that challenges and transcends linguistic boundaries. Indigenous women are often regarded as keepers of knowledge and language in their communities. They contribute to “the well-being of the community and the nation as a whole” (Maracle 41), they are “caretakers of this land” (42), and they are resurgence (Simpson 27-37). Indigenous women are disproportionately impacted by settler colonialism, which makes their critiques of heteropatriarchy, racism, and settler colonialism as interlocking systems even more telling. Linguistic borders across Turtle Island are multiple and involve colonial languages such as French, Spanish and English, as well as the more than 150 Indigenous languages spoken across these lands. Indigenous women’s poetry – and more generally Indigenous literatures in Turtle Island – know a rich linguistic variety: while some texts are written in one of the colonial languages (English, French, Spanish), others are composed in an Indigenous language (e.g. Inuktitut, Cree, Innu), and perhaps most include an array of languages. Particularly, in what is now called Canada, the colonially-imposed English/French divide is being challenged by Indigenous writers, scholars, and translators. In this paper, I argue that one way that Indigenous women poets do so is through the erotic which contests and transcends the colonial languages and connects to and takes root in Indigenous languages. I analyze selected poems by Melissa Begay (Dine), Tiffany Midge (Hunkapapa Sioux), Chrystos (Menominee), Tenille Campbell (Dene and Métis), Janet Rogers (Mohawk/Tuscarora), and Natasha Kanapé Fontaine (Innu) to see how the erotic and language are interrelated. This paper thus examines the potential of an Indigenous sovereign erotics across languages in Indigenous women’s erotica
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