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Reporting of Adverse Events in Muscle Strengthening Interventions in Youth: A Systematic Review
Get PDFClear definition, identification, and reporting of adverse event (AE) monitoring during training interventions are essential for decision making regarding the safety of training and testing in youths. Purpose: To document the extent to which AEs, resulting from intervention studies targeting muscle strengthening training (MST) in youth, are reported by researchers. Methods: Electronic databases (CINAHL, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched for English peer-reviewed articles published before April 2018. Inclusion criteria were: (1) average age <16 years, (2) use of MST, (3) statement(s) linked to the presence/absence of AEs, and (4) randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental designs. Risk of reporting bias for AEs followed recommendations by the Cochrane Collaboration group. Results: One hundred and ninety-one full-text articles were screened. One hundred and thirty met all MST criteria, out of which only 44 (33.8%; n = 1278, age = 12.1 [1.1] y) included a statement as to the presence/absence of adverse events. The 86 other studies (66.2%) included no such statement. Of the reporting 44 studies, 18 (40.1%) indicated one or more adverse events. Of the 93 reported adverse events, 55 (59.1%) were linked to training or testing. Conclusions: Most MST studies in youth do not report presence/absence of adverse events, and when reported, adverse events are not well defined
The economic burden of athletic injuries across 10 years of Canada Games
Get PDFInjuries in elite sports are responsible for a substantial economic burden on host organizations, requiring informed decisions to ensure that injury treatment is delivered in an efficient manner. However, there is a paucity of economic assessments that have been conducted surrounding elite sport injury events in Canada. Objective: To estimate the direct medical and opportunity costs of treating various injuries by volunteer medical professionals at the Canada Games (CG). Method: A decision tree model (DTM) incorporated parameters on injury treatment lengths as estimated from a Delphi survey, injury surveillance data from past CG competitions (2009-2019), institutional spending derived from the Athlete Medical Program, and fee-for-service rates for medical professionals derived from government reports. Expected costs were calculated using probabilities from logistic regression analyses and reported in Canadian Dollars as of 2023. A one-way deterministic sensitivity analysis was undertaken which varied annual spending by ±10%. Results: There were 15,717 injury events reported during initial and follow-up visits at on-site polyclinics between the 2009 and 2019 CG events (6 competitions). Median estimated treatment lengths during initial visits were highest for patellofemoral pain syndromes (30.0 [IQR = 15.0-33.5] minutes) and were highest during follow-up visits for impingement injuries (25.0 [IQR = 14.0-30.0] minutes). Knee, ankle, lumbar, shoulder/clavicle, and thigh injuries, had a cumulative average expected medical cost of about 113, 417, and 17, 35, respectively. 72% of athletes treated by a physician were referred for follow-up care. Overall, the total expected medical and opportunity cost of athletic injuries in CG per year were 378,574, respectively. Conclusion: This thesis reports on estimated medical and opportunity costs associated with treating various athletic injuries at on-site polyclinics at CG. Findings from our study can inform decision-making in medical management to support treatment protocol reform, while also informing economic evaluations of future CG or other elite sport competitions. More research is needed to estimate the broader health system and out-of-pocket costs of athletic injuries at elite sporting events beyond on-site polyclinics
Does Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income “Accumulate” Risk?
Get PDFOur paper links the dynamics of other comprehensive income (OCI) with crash risk. Our study is motivated by the fact that crash risk research in the banking sector is sparse and the findings about the relevance of other comprehensive income (OCI) are inconclusive. We focus on AOCI because, first, it is the accumulation of different market risks that banks are exposed to, and second, it contains information about managers’ discretion and banks’ opacity. Using a sample of COMPUSTAT banks, we test whether the market risks and managers’ discretion contained in AOCI have predictive power on future crash risk. By comparing banks and non-banking firms, we find that AOCI is predictive of stock price crash risk in one-year-ahead for banking sector, whereas such association does not exist for non-banking firms. Then we show that the strength of this association varies. We find that the association between AOCI and crash risk in the banking sector is more pronounced when banks have extreme OCI or medium AOCI and when banks suffer more accumulated unrealized losses. We provide evidence that the significant association between AOCI and future crash risk only exists for commercial banks, not for savings banks. We find that the association between AOCI and future crash risk is more pronounced when commercial banks operate in extreme interest rate environment, have higher leverage ratio, and have more opacity. We further find that the association tends to be weaker when external monitoring is highly effective. Our paper contributes to a better understanding of the risk relevance of OCI and the unique effects of financial reporting on crash risk in the banking sector
A multifaceted approach to understand highly-identified fans’ experiences of sport activism
Get PDFThe pandemic altered the socio-contextual environment. During this time, society was exposed to structural violence experienced by Black individuals at the hands of the police. The subsequent Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests coincided with the return of professional sport in 2020 and became embedded in its programming. This thesis sought to answer how sport activism influences highly-identified fans’ lived experiences of sport. As an interpretivist, it was essential to acknowledge the importance of sociohistorical factors contributing to fans’ experiences. Therefore, semistructured interviews served to answer how fans restructure their consumption in response to changing needs, motives, and socio-contextual environments to contextualize the guiding research question. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) reflexive thematic analysis to make sense of the data.
Chapter 2a utilized U&G and SDT and revealed that participants had difficulties satisfying their needs, especially their relatedness, due to the pandemic-imposed restrictions meant that participants. Sport transformed into a social activity and a means to escape the reality of the pandemic through increased sport consumption. Individuals who increased their sport consumption primarily to socialize and escape did not sustain these habits as the pandemic lessened, whereas autonomously-motivated individuals maintained their elevated consumption levels.
Chapter 2b utilized social identity theory and social identity complexity to examine fans’ experiences of sport activism via their social identities. Participants interpreted the BLM protests through their multiple identities, informing their response to the intersection of sport and activism. All participants noted some form of social identity threat resulting from sport activism – either from the sender (i.e., the organization, team, or athlete) and/or the subsequent
conversations that resulted from the demonstrations. Participants with less complex (i.e., less inclusive) structures faced heightened identity threats. Participants with more complex (i.e., more inclusive) group characterizations used sport activism as a vehicle to further action and typically expressed tolerance toward the outgroup.
Chapter 3 synthesized the two studies' findings noting that seeking relatedness increased social identity threats or conformity behavior and that mentions of escape were used by participants as a maintenance tactic to oppose BLM in sports while distancing their white identity from their stance
“I Just Had to Feel Grateful for What I’ve Been Given”: A Critical Examination of the Marketing Portrayals and Sponsorship of Professional Women Footballers
Get PDFUsing a feminist theoretical perspective, the purpose of this narrative study is to understand the marketing portrayal and sponsorship of professional women athletes. Specifically, it examines the perspectives of professional women footballers and the ways in which the gender ideal is reproduced, negotiated, and resisted, as well as their (re)imagined equitable sporting future. Applying a critical feminist narrative inquiry approach, I conducted three interviews with each of the four women athletes who participated in this study. Four main themes developed that best reflect my interpretation of the participants’ stories: 1) lack of commercial sponsorship limits career growth; 2) performative partnerships perpetuate inequities; 3) objectifying women athletes through labour exploitation; 4) limited agency restricts resistance and transformation potential. The findings challenge the concept of sponsorship ‘partnerships’ and expose an exploitative off-pitch reality for women athletes. Further, complexities of transformation were displayed as the women’s self-portrayal through social media acted as both a form of resistance and the (re)production of the women’s objectification. This study highlights the need for systemic change in professional football for all women to be perceived as legitimate and worthy of investment
The Importance of Incorporating Holistic and Invitational Approaches in an Elementary School in Karnataka, India
Get PDFThis study explores holistic and invitational approaches to education in a private school (The Spiti Academy) in Karnataka, India, with a view of incorporating a strategic approach. The study examined holistic and invitational pedagogies of scholars such as Dewey, Maslow, Montessori, Noddings, and Purkey and Novak, who collectively emphasize the importance of a pedagogy of mind, body, and soul; a pedagogy through play; a pedagogy of student-teacher relationships that build on strengths; and a pedagogy that is invitational, holistic and builds a sense of belonging for everyone at school. An overview of the Indian education system reveals systemic gaps around holism. Focusing on the Spiti Academy, I offer strategies for creating a holistic and invitational school environment that may enable teachers and students to build on their potential, outlining recommendations for school leaders and teachers to facilitate this. My purpose is to help students in the Spiti Academy develop as a whole and enhance their learning experiences, and also to motivate other schools to collaborate for the betterment of society
Beyond the Glass Ceiling: How women attain tenure and career progression in stigmatized careers
Get PDFThe number of employees within the skilled trades in Canada is decreasing, partly due to the retirement of the aging workforce and decreasing incoming employees in the trades. There is also a stigma surrounding the skilled trades, which may cause these careers to be perceived as less attractive for potential incoming employees. Simultaneously, there is a disproportionately low representation of women in the trades. Previous research discussed how stigmatized employees create support buffers to aid in creating a support network to deal with the stigma in their careers. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding how these support networks are formed, what they distinctly consist of, and how this applies to employees that are marginalized in their identities in addition to the stigma that they face due to their careers. This paper examines how individuals working in the trades create support buffers to aid in gaining tenure in their careers, as well as how the support buffers contribute to the individual gaining career progression over time. Using thematic analysis and the long interview method of qualitative data collection, 27 participants including 21 women and six men across various trades and career levels were interviewed to understand their experience with managing stigmatization in their careers. Findings suggest the use of online group platforms was beneficial for women in the trades to create a community to share experiences and resources, possibly due to the anonymity as well as the voluntary nature of the community. Financial incentives and a strong sense of meaningful work also helped employees achieve long-term career progression. This can help various stakeholders to understand how to attract and retain employees in the trades
Lini Grol collection, 1956-2010, n.d.
Get PDFLini Richarda Grol was born in Nijmegen, Netherlands in 1913. She came to Canada in 1954 where she worked as a nurse at the Welland County Hospital. She was also an artist and writer who eventually opened a studio in Fonthill. Lini wrote poetry, short stories and plays as well as drawing, sculpting and scissor cutting. Her best-known publication is Liberation, which is an account of her experiences leading up to and after the liberation of Holland during World War II. Her work has been published in many local newspapers including the Welland Tribune, Pelham Herald, Thorold News, and Dunnville Chronicle, as well as various Christian publications and literary newsletters and journals. Lini also established a poetry magazine, Canadian Poets Pen Club to help aspiring writers get published.
In 1994 she moved to a Christian retirement center in Brampton known as Holland Christian Homes. She continued to write and began a writer’s club in the home. Lini Grol died in 2018.The collection contains material related to Lini Grol’s artwork and writing including scissorcuts, drawings, news clippings, manuscripts, and published books of fiction and non-fiction including short stories, plays, poetry, and a novel
Medieval Act for Gilles Dabelain, July 12, 1445.
Get PDFMedieval Act for one Gilles Dabelain, July 12, 1445. Two Manuscripts on Parchment. A mid-15th century medieval act, written in French and on parchment, being an original copy of the act sanctioning the division of Gilles Dabelain’s property between his children Hues and Jehanne, the latter being the wife of Jehan de Lannoy, written in the city of Lille, France, July 12, 1445. Attached to the act is a smaller, accompanying manuscript on parchment. There are three original seals at the end. The primary manuscript has been written in a 105-line format, and the attached manuscript an 18-line format
Prediction of Critical Medical Resources for Combatting Future Pandemics
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic wrecked an avalanche of resource management disaster on many
countries. Preventable deaths occurred due to lack of resources, especially ventilators. One major
unforgettable lesson we can learn from the COVID-19 disaster is that proactive planning of
ventilators can save a huge number of lives globally in future pandemics. In this study, we aim
to address this need by developing a predictive model for ventilators. Using open-source data
from ‘Our World in Data’, we employ an ensemble of existing time series analysis techniques
and missing data handling strategies to predict ventilators at a population level. A full-scale
application of the proposed modelling framework was demonstrated for India, Nigeria, Uruguay
and Poland as representative cases of different scenarios. Furthermore, as part of the robustness
checks, we test the model’s performance for periods of increased severity (e.g., increased death
rate) and reproduction rate during a pandemic with USA, UK, Germany and France as sample
cases. We consider the population-based model and implications of the prediction results for a
possible extension to ventilator associated other critical medical resources in an ICU unit. This
thesis contributes to the existing body of knowledge and methods for predicting ventilators and
other critical medical resources that are mostly addressed at local settings. More importantly, the
proposed framework can be used to predict resources for COVID-19 like pandemics for any
global population level where ICU patients data is scant. In addition to the methodological
contribution, this thesis demonstrates the role of evidence-based decision-making in healthcare
disaster preparedness and recovery plan