Portal de Periódicos da Univali (Universidade do Vale do Itajaí)
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A GOVERNANÇA GLOBAL E OS PARADIGMAS DE INTERESSE NACIONAL, SOLIDARIEDADE INTERNACIONAL E HEGEMONIA
Full text linkContextualization: Today, a new configuration of international relations is taking place, and the global challenge seems to be more pronounced than ever. Global actors have few common interests, different norms and values, and a lack of global vision. This has led to a world where competition and conflicts are re-emerging in a concerning manner, making the global population feel threatened in terms of their health and security.
Objectives: In this article, we aim to reassess three analytical paradigms—national interest, solidarity, and hegemony—to provide fresh insights into comprehending the evolving global system. By doing so, we aim to highlight the necessity of reevaluating effective global governance for managing the global commons, in an historical moment where competition and conflicts are re-emerging in a concerning manner.
Method: The methodological approach combines theoretical analysis and bibliographic review. The text examines historical and contemporary concepts of national interest, solidarity, and hegemony, drawing on contributions from authors such as Emile Durkheim, Léon Bourgeois, Antonio Gramsci, and Robert Cox.
Results: The study concludes that the evolution of the concept of national interest demands effective cooperation between states and global actors to protect shared interests. Furthermore, international solidarity, grounded in mutual interests, is essential to addressing global challenges and promoting more inclusive governance.Contextualización: Hoy en día, se está configurando una nueva dinámica de relaciones internacionales, y el desafío global parece más pronunciado que nunca. Los actores globales comparten pocos intereses comunes, tienen normas y valores diferentes y carecen de una visión global. Esto ha llevado a un mundo donde la competencia y los conflictos están resurgiendo de manera preocupante, haciendo que la población global se sienta amenazada en términos de su salud y seguridad.
Objetivos: En este artículo, buscamos reevaluar tres paradigmas analíticos—interés nacional, solidaridad y hegemonía—para ofrecer nuevas perspectivas que ayuden a comprender el sistema global en evolución. Al hacerlo, destacamos la necesidad de reconsiderar la eficacia de la gobernanza global para gestionar los bienes comunes globales, en un momento histórico en el que la competencia y los conflictos están resurgiendo de manera preocupante.
Método: El enfoque metodológico combina análisis teórico y revisión bibliográfica. El texto examina conceptos históricos y contemporáneos de interés nacional, solidaridad y hegemonía, utilizando las contribuciones de autores como Émile Durkheim, Léon Bourgeois, Antonio Gramsci y Robert Cox.
Resultados: El estudio concluye que la evolución del concepto de interés nacional exige una cooperación eficaz entre los estados y los actores globales para proteger los intereses compartidos. Además, la solidaridad internacional, basada en intereses mutuos, es esencial para enfrentar los desafíos globales y promover una gobernanza más inclusiva.Contextualização: Atualmente, está se configurando uma nova dinâmica de relações internacionais, e o desafio global parece mais pronunciado do que nunca. Os atores globais compartilham poucos interesses comuns, possuem normas e valores diferentes e carecem de uma visão global. Isso levou a um mundo onde a competição e os conflitos estão ressurgindo de forma preocupante, fazendo com que a população global se sinta ameaçada em termos de sua saúde e segurança.
Objetivo: Neste artigo, buscamos reavaliar três paradigmas analíticos—interesse nacional, solidariedade e hegemonia—para oferecer novas perspectivas que auxiliem na compreensão do sistema global em evolução. Com isso, destacamos a necessidade de reconsiderar a eficácia da governança global para gerir os bens comuns globais, em um momento histórico em que a competição e os conflitos estão ressurgindo de forma preocupante.
Método: A abordagem metodológica combina análise teórica e revisão bibliográfica. O texto examina conceitos históricos e contemporâneos de interesse nacional, solidariedade e hegemonia, utilizando as contribuições de autores como Émile Durkheim, Léon Bourgeois, Antonio Gramsci e Robert Cox.
Resultados: O estudo conclui que a evolução do conceito de interesse nacional exige uma cooperação eficaz entre os Estados e os atores globais para proteger interesses compartilhados. Além disso, a solidariedade internacional, baseada em interesses mútuos, é essencial para enfrentar os desafios globais e promover uma governança mais inclusiva
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cycling and Cycle Tourism in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic changed social structures on multiple scales due to social and sanitary restrictions. Tourism, like other sectors, was broadly impacted, experiencing a dramatic reduction in travel. In response, individuals sought alternative ways to maintain physical activity, with outdoor activities gaining popularity, and cycling becoming increasingly widespread under these circumstances. This study aimed to analyze the profile of cyclists and cycle tourists in Santa Catarina within the post-pandemic context. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data for a descriptive analysis. A self- administered questionnaire was applied for data collection and measurement, analyzed within a theoretical framework. The study involved 185 respondents residing in the state, with a near-equal distribution of men and women, and a predominance of higher education and income levels. The findings indicate that the pandemic significantly encouraged cycling as a means of leisure, recreation, and physical exercise. A significant proportion of respondents began cycling due to social restrictions and continued the activity post-pandemic. Cycle tourism was almost unanimously regarded as a key driver for developing tourist attractions, with the potential to attract visitors and generate income for local communities
An investigation on fingerling grass carp Ctenopharyngodos idella ectoparasites with the first occurrence of Tylodelphys clavata as a new locality record in northern Iran
No full textAquaculture in Iran has been developing quickly in recent years and includes the introduction of various new species such as Chinese carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and stocks of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The main aim of this study was to determine the external parasitic fauna of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, from aquaculture facilities in northern Iran, alongside their prevalence level, intensity, and abundance. A total of 35 fingerlings of Grass carp with an average length of 10cm and an average weight of 7g was caught from a fish farm in Guilan province, northern Iran, and transported alive to the Parasitology laboratory in the autumn of the year 2019. Common procedures of Parasitology were performed for fish sampling. All specimens (prevalence of 100%) were infected with different parasite groups. Diplostomum spathaceum and Dactylogyrus lamellatus were respectively recovered from the eyes and gills of all fish, with a mean intensity of 14.8 and 8.6 each. Also, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was observed at the highest level of 100% in the skin and gills, followed by Gyrodactylus sp. and Tylodelphys clavata were respectively detected in the skin and eyes of grass carp with the lowest prevalence value of 20% and intensity of 1, in common each. The record of Tylodelphis clavata in grass carp in the present study is considered the first report on the northern Iranian aquaculture system
ALTERNATIVAS AO CAPITALISMO PARA A HUMANIDADE, A PARTIR DOS BENS COMUNS E DA COMUNALIDADE LOCAL DOS POVOS INDÍGENAS
Full text linkContextualization: This work seeks to open a path that makes it possible to articulate viable alternatives to the capitalist system, allowing us to nurture hope for a better world for all of Humanity. This will be done through what is called the common heritage of Humanity, also referred to as the common patrimony of Humanity, adding to this the global commons and also projects of communality. The need is asserted for the management of environments, care, and local knowledge of communities and Indigenous peoples to be carried out based on the recognition of their own ownership, and not administered exclusively under the ownership of States or under the ownership of all Humanity, but under the protection and administration of the United Nations. Indigenous peoples, from a local perspective, teach us to respect and preserve a planet mortally wounded, offering small flames of hope to all of Humanity through their life projects based on the common good and communal organization.
Objectives: The objective of this work is to critically reflect on the limits of the global capitalist system and to propose alternatives grounded in the notion of the common heritage of Humanity, with an emphasis on global commons and the traditional practices and knowledge of Indigenous peoples. It aims to contribute to the debate on models of management and ownership of essential life-sustaining goods, proposing more just, sustainable, and communality-based forms of social organization.
Methodology: The article adopts a theoretical-critical approach, with conceptual analysis and bibliographic review, of a qualitative and interdisciplinary nature, with strong decolonial and ecosocial inspiration. From a reflective standpoint, the work engages in dialogue with contemporary authors and traditional knowledge systems, aiming to understand the social, environmental, and political dynamics that underlie the discussion on the common patrimony of Humanity and the global commons.
Results: As a result, the work highlights the importance of recognizing Indigenous peoples as key actors in the management of commons, valuing their ways of life, cultural practices, and traditional knowledge as legitimate and effective paths for environmental conservation and the construction of a new social rationality. The paper proposes the need to de-commodify essential goods for life, strengthening the sense of the commons and communality as a foundation for sustainable alternatives to the hegemonic logic of capital.Contextualización del Tema: En este trabajo se busca abrir un camino que posibilite articular alternativas viables al sistema capitalista, permitiéndonos alimentar la esperanza de un mundo mejor para toda la Humanidad. Esto se realizará a través de lo que se denomina herencia común de la Humanidad, también llamada patrimonio común de la Humanidad, sumándose a ello los bienes comunes mundiales y, asimismo, proyectos de comunalidad. Se reivindica la necesidad de que la gestión de los entornos, los cuidados y los saberes locales de las comunidades y de los pueblos indígenas se realice con base en el reconocimiento de su propia titularidad, y no administrada exclusivamente bajo la titularidad de los Estados o bajo la titularidad de toda la Humanidad, sino bajo la protección y administración de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Los pueblos indígenas, desde lo local, nos enseñan a respetar y conservar un planeta herido de muerte, ofreciéndonos pequeñas llamas de esperanza para toda la Humanidad con sus proyectos de vida fundamentados en lo común y en la organización comunal.
Objetivo: El objetivo del trabajo es reflexionar críticamente sobre los límites del sistema capitalista global y proponer alternativas basadas en la noción de herencia común de la Humanidad, con énfasis en los bienes comunes mundiales y en las prácticas y saberes tradicionales de los pueblos indígenas. Se pretende contribuir al debate sobre modelos de gestión y titularidad de bienes esenciales para la vida, proponiendo formas de organización social más justas, sostenibles y basadas en la comunalidad.
Metodología: El artículo se vale de un enfoque teórico-crítico, con análisis conceptual y revisión bibliográfica, de naturaleza cualitativa e interdisciplinaria, con una fuerte inspiración decolonial y ecosocial. A partir de un abordaje reflexivo, el trabajo dialoga con autores contemporáneos y saberes tradicionales, buscando comprender las dinámicas sociales, ambientales y políticas que atraviesan la discusión sobre el patrimonio común de la Humanidad y los bienes comunes.
Resultados: Como resultado, se destaca la importancia de reconocer a los pueblos indígenas como protagonistas en la gestión de los bienes comunes, valorando sus modos de vida, prácticas culturales y saberes tradicionales como caminos legítimos y eficaces para la conservación ambiental y para la construcción de una nueva racionalidad social. El trabajo propone la necesidad de desmercantilizar los bienes esenciales para la vida, fortaleciendo el sentido de lo común y de la comunalidad como base para alternativas sostenibles frente a la lógica hegemónica del capital.
Contextualização do Tema: Neste trabalho, busca-se abrir um caminho que possibilite articular alternativas viáveis ao sistema capitalista, permitindo-nos alimentar a esperança de um mundo melhor para toda a Humanidade. Isso será feito por meio do que se denomina herança comum da Humanidade, também chamado de patrimônio comum da Humanidade, somando-se a isso os bens comuns mundiais e, também, projetos de comunalidade. Reivindica-se a necessidade de que a gestão dos entornos, dos cuidados e dos saberes locais das comunidades e dos povos indígenas seja realizada com base no reconhecimento de sua própria titularidade, e não administrada exclusivamente sob a titularidade dos Estados ou sob a titularidade de toda a Humanidade, mas sob a proteção e administração da Organização das Nações Unidas. Os povos indígenas, a partir do local, nos ensinam a respeitar e conservar um planeta ferido de morte, oferecendo-nos pequenas chamas de esperança para toda a Humanidade com seus projetos de vida fundamentados no comum e na organização comunal.
Objetivos: O objetivo do trabalho é refletir criticamente sobre os limites do sistema capitalista global e propor alternativas pautadas na noção de herança comum da Humanidade, com ênfase nos bens comuns mundiais e nas práticas e saberes tradicionais dos povos indígenas. Pretende-se contribuir para o debate sobre modelos de gestão e titularidade de bens essenciais à vida, propondo formas de organização social mais justas, sustentáveis e baseadas na comunalidade.
Metodología: O artigo se vale de um enfoque teórico-crítico, com análise conceitual e revisão bibliográfica, de natureza qualitativa e interdisciplinar, com uma forte inspiração decolonial e ecosocial. A partir de uma abordagem reflexiva, o trabalho dialoga com autores contemporâneos e saberes tradicionais, buscando compreender as dinâmicas sociais, ambientais e políticas que atravessam a discussão sobre o patrimônio comum da Humanidade e os bens comuns.
Resultados: Como resultado, destaca-se a importância de reconhecer os povos indígenas como protagonistas na gestão dos bens comuns, valorizando seus modos de vida, práticas culturais e saberes tradicionais como caminhos legítimos e eficazes para a conservação ambiental e para a construção de uma nova racionalidade social. O trabalho propõe a necessidade de desmercantilizar os bens essenciais à vida, fortalecendo o sentido do comum e da comunalidade como base para alternativas sustentáveis à lógica hegemônica do capital
Determinação de Riscos de Sobrevoo por Visão Computacional
Full text linkAbstractIn the 20th century, aviation has proven itself as one of the most importanttechno-social revolutions of modern human history. Now,Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are on the verge of leading thenext techno-social revolution, remodelling several areas and movinga global market that does not stop growing. The establishmentof UAV Traffic Management (UTM) systems is necessary to makethis revolution happen, and one of the main obstacles is the risksinvolved in UAS flight, especially in urban environments. A methodologyto estimate risks on the overflown environment was carriedout by the usage of convolutional neural networks on the imageryof such environments, allowing the definition of safer routes andtheir management on the fly. Development and experimentationprocesses were carried out, with promising results including a convolutionalneural network for pixel-wise domain that was capableof estimate risks from satellite imagery and return overflight risksheat maps
Avaliação de Interface em Aplicativo para Medição de Nível de Atividade Física Baseado no IPAQ da OMS
Full text linkAbstractDue to globalization and digitalization, there has been a huge increasein the number of mobile applications being developed. Thismakes the user experience and usability of apps a topic of interest.This study evaluates an app based on the World Health Organization’sInternational Physical Activity Questionnaire using JakobNielsen’s heuristics as a framework, aiming to evaluate the finalusers perception of usability. The following ten criteria were considered:visibility of system statuses; correspondence between thereal world and the system; user control and freedom; consistencyand standards; error prevention; recognition rather than recall;flexibility, and efficiency of use; aesthetic and minimalist design;helping users to recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors; andfinally, help and documentation. Therefore, the metology used inthis article made possible to evaluate the system - a scientific iniciation’sproduct - using Nielsen’s heurístics as a baseline of study.In conclusion, this article makes recommendations for changesto the system en route to improve its usability as well the usedmetodology itself
O PAPEL DO RELATÓRIO DE AVALIAÇÃO DE IMPACTO ALGORITIMICO PARA O FOMENTO DE SISTEMAS DE IA ÉTICOS BY DESIGN
Full text linkContextualization: Despite the growing awareness in society about the risks and benefits of using artificial intelligence systems, the level of understanding about it is still low. Therefore, the creation of a regulatory model capable of promoting the appropriate balance between encouraging innovation and protecting society requires update tools that allow constant improvement of the model. The type of harm, the speed of dissemination and the social impact caused by unfair AI systems against vulnerable groups make it urgent to discuss risk management and conflict prevention measures.
Objectives: In this article, we analyze the role of risk and impact assessment in fostering the adoption of diversity and inclusion values in the design of this technology and, thus, preventing conflicts of a discriminatory nature.
Method: In this article we applied the bibliographical-documentary research procedure for data collection, and we used the hypothetical-deductive method to test the hypothesis.
Results: Although we verified the existence of a high percentage of soft law documents that directly or indirectly recommend the use of mechanisms that minimize discriminatory results in the use of AI systems, and, among them, the risk and impact assessment report, the current stage of normative development only makes it possible to identify factors that may act in favor of the use of this report as an inducer of an anti-discriminatory design of AI systems and which kind of data this report should contain to play such a role.Contextualización: A pesar de crecer, el grado de concienciación de la sociedad sobre los riesgos y beneficios del uso de sistemas de inteligencia artificial es todavía bajo. En consecuencia, la creación de un modelo regulatorio capaz de promover el equilibrio adecuado entre el fomento de la innovación y la protección de la sociedad requiere el uso de herramientas de actualización que permitan la mejora constante del modelo. El tipo de daño, la velocidad de difusión y el impacto social de los sistemas de IA cuando su uso genera resultados injustos en perjuicio de grupos vulnerables hacen urgente discutir medidas de gestión de riesgos y prevención de controversias.
Objetivos: En este artículo analizamos el papel del reporte de gestión del riesgos y évaluación de impacto para fomentar la adopción de valores de diversidad e inclusión en el diseño de esta tecnología y así prevenir controversias de carácter discriminatorio.
Método: Para la recolección de datos se aplicó el procedimiento de investigación bibliográfico-documental y para la prueba de hipótesis se utilizó el método hipotético-deductivo.
Resultados: A pesar de encontrarse un alto porcentaje de documentos de soft law que directa o indirectamente recomiendan el uso de mecanismos que minimicen los resultados discriminatorios en el uso de sistemas de IA y, entre ellos, el reporte de gestión del riesgos y évaluación de impacto por el uso de dichos sistemas, el estado actual de desarrollo normativo solo permite identificar los factores que podrían favorecer el uso del informe como inductor de un diseño antidiscriminatorio de los sistemas de IA y qué elementos debe contener dicho informe para desempeñar dicho papel.Contextualização: Apesar de crescente, o grau de conscientização da sociedade quanto aos riscos e benefícios do uso de sistemas de inteligência artificial ainda é reduzido. Consequentemente, a criação de um modelo regulatório capaz de promover o adequado equilíbrio entre incentivo à inovação e à proteção da sociedade, requer o uso de ferramentas de atualização que permitam o constante aperfeiçoamento do modelo. O tipo de dano, a velocidade de disseminado e o impacto social provocados pela IA quando seu uso gera resultados injustos em desfavor de grupos vulneráveis tornam urgente a discussão de medidas de gestão de riscos e prevenção conflitos.
Objetivos: Neste artigo, analisamos o papel do relatório de risco e impacto para fomentar a adoção dos valores da diversidade e da inclusão no design desta tecnologia e, assim, prevenir conflitos de natureza discriminatória.
Métodos: Aplicou-se o procedimento de pesquisa bibliográfico-documental para coleta de dados e utilizou-se do método hipotético-dedutivo para o teste da hipótese.
Resultados: Apesar de ser constatado um elevado percentual de documentos de soft law que direta ou indiretamente recomendam o uso de mecanismos que minimizem resultados discriminatórios no uso dos sistemas de IA, e, dentre eles, o relatório de riscos e impactos para o uso de tais sistemas, o atual estágio de desenvolvimento normativo permite apenas identificar fatores que poderiam favorecer o uso do relatório como indutor de um design antidiscriminatório dos sistemas de IA e quais elementos este relatório deveria conter de modo a desempenhar tal papel
Synthetic Images Impact in Parking Spot Classification using Neural Networks
Full text linkAbstractUrban growth and the increasing number of vehicles have intensifiedthe demand for efficient parking management solutions. In thiscontext, machine learning-based image monitoring systems havegained prominence due to their low cost and ease of installationcompared to traditional methods, such as physical sensors. Thesesystems achieve an average accuracy of 95% in cross-validationscenarios using well-known datasets like PKLot and CNRPark-EXT.However, despite the availability of extensive datasets, challengesremain regarding the accessibility and diversity of training data.This is especially critical when aiming to improve the accuracy ofgeneralist models or specialize them for specific scenarios, whereeach application requires a substantial effort to collect, segment, andlabel new images for optimal performance. This study proposes theuse of synthetic images, generated with the Unity 5 graphics engineand the Unity Perception package, to complement or replace realdata in training parking classification models. A synthetic imagegeneration protocol was developed to reduce costs compared to thecollection, segmentation, and labeling of real images. The imagesgenerated through this protocol are referred to as low-fidelity dueto their lower quality and reduced capacity to simulate specific environments.Using MobileNetV3 and transfer learning, experimentswere conducted in three scenarios: total replacement of real data,supplementation of diverse datasets, and specialization for specificscenarios. The results showed that synthetic images could improvemodel generalization by up to 2% in datasets with limited real data(e.g., CNRPark-EXT). However, synthetic images alone could notfully replace real data due to their limited fidelity in replicatingreal-world conditions, reinforcing the need for combinations withreal data or more realistic synthetic data for better results
Análise de Classificadores para Predição de Evasão em um Curso Superior de Tecnologia da Informação de um Instituto Federal
Full text linkAbstractSchool dropout has been a long-standing issue in Higher EducationInstitutions (HEIs), raising concerns and prompting mitigationefforts. This paper examines dropout in a Technology course ata Federal Institute, addressing the research question: "How canmachine learning classifiers assist in predicting student dropout?".The study applies machine learning classifiers using data from aFederal Institute, including demographic (age group, income, city,special needs, ethnicity, gender) and academic variables (admissionmethod, vacancy type, enrollment status). The objective is todevelop analyses ranging from descriptive statistics to predictivemodeling. The classifiers used include Support Vector Machine, RandomForest, Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, andK-Nearest Neighbors. The goal is to support teachers, coordinators,and administrators in implementing preventive measures such aspersonalized mentoring, continuous monitoring, and institutionalpolicies to improve academic infrastructure and inclusivity. Theresults show that Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosting, andAdaBoost achieved the best performance, with F1-measure valuesbetween 0.6 and 0.8, demonstrating their predictive capability. Thishighlights the potential of machine learning in addressing studentdropout in higher education