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Zero order and area under curve spectrophotometric methods for determination of Paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulation
Get PDFObjective: - A simple, accurate, precise and specific zero order and area under curve spectrophotometric methods has been developed for determination of Paracetamol in its tablet dosage form by using methanol as a solvent.  Methods: - (1) Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods: - The amplitudes in the zero order derivative of the resultant spectra at 248 nm was selected to find out Paracetamol in its tablet dosage form by using methanol as a solvent.(2) Area under curve (Area calculation): -The proposed area under curve method involves measurement of area at selected wavelength ranges. Two wavelength ranges were selected 244-251 nm for estimation of Paracetamol.Result & Discussion: -The linearity was found to be 5-25 μg/ml for Paracetamol. The mean % recoveries were found to be 100.8% andzero order derivative and area under curve method of Paracetamol.For Repeatability, Intraday pr 100.66% of ecision, Interday precision, % RSD were found to be 0.7325, 0.0183 and 0.9768, 0.8742 for zero order and 0.8429, 0.8263 and 0.8570, 1.8017 for area under curve method respectively. Limit of Detection and Quantitation were found to be 0.4238μg/ml and 1.6987μg/ml for zero order and 0.8968μg/ml and 2.4278μg/ml for area under curve method respectively. Assay results of market formulation were found to be 100.25% for zero order and 100.88% area under curve method respectively. The proposed method has been validated as per ICH guidelines and successfully applied to the estimation of Paracetamol in its Tablet dosage form.Conclusion: - The developed methods can be concluded as accurate, sensitive and precise and can be easily applied to the pharmaceutical formulation
Study of correlation between intraoperative crush smears, frozen section diagnosis and biopsy results of intracranial lesions
Get PDFCrush cytology and frozen sections of intracranial space occupying lesions (ICSOLs) are an effective and time saving tool for intra operative consultation. In a stereotactic biopsy, it enables the pathologist to rightly comment whether (a) brain tissue is there or not in the biopsy, (b) possible nature of the lesion. In a resection for an ICSOL, the techniques help the surgeon with an intra operative working diagnosis
Study of Contraceptive Usage among Women of Reproductive Age in a Rural Area – A cross sectional study
Get PDFBackgroundContraception nowadays is almost universal in urban areas. In rural areas, contraception is still limited due to various factors. In this study an attempt is made to assess contraceptive prevalence as well as to know the causes for not practicing contraception.MethodA community based cross sectional study was done in 16 villages which were selected randomly. 826 ever married women were selected randomly from these villages. Socio-demographic profile, contraceptive prevalence, reasons for not using contraception was assessed. The data was fed and analysed using SPSS 15.ResultsContraceptive prevalence was found to be 49.86% in the rural area of Nagamangala Taluk. The commonly used method was Tubectomy (92.59%). Among the spacing methods, condoms, oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) and Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devices (IUDs) were used by 0.51%, 2.58% and 3.95% of the couples respectively. Younger age of the women, illiteracy, and low socioeconomic status were found to be associated with low use of contraception.ConclusionTemporary methods of contraception like barrier contraceptives and OCPs were found to be less preferred over terminal sterilisation and suggest lesser male participation in practicing contraception.Word count: [1900]Figures and Tables: [3]Key WordsContraceptive, Rural area, Sterilisatio
The study of pavements in transportation engineering with special reference to N.H.- 1
Get PDFRigid pavements are those which posses note worthy flexural strength or flexural rigidity. The stresses are not transferred from grain to grain to the lower layers as in the ease of flexible pavements layers the rigid pavements are made of Portland cement concrete-either plain, reinforced or prestressed concrete. The plain cement concrete slabs are expected to take up about 40 kg/cm2 flexural stress. As the rigid pavements slab has tensile strength, tensile stresses are developed due to the bending of the slab under wheel load and temperature variations thus the type of stress develop and their distribution within the cement concrete slab are quit different. The rigid pavement does not get deformed to the shape of the lower surface as it can bridge the minor variation of lower layer
Certain properties of normaloid operators
Get PDFIn this paper we establish new conditions for contractivity of normaloid operators. We employ some results for contractivity due to Furuta, Nakomoto, Arandelovic and Dragomir. A particular generalization is also given
A Contrast of Consumer Behavior towards Durables in Rural – Urban perspective, with impact of Religious beliefs, an empirical study
Get PDFThe Indian consumer market is the largest in the world next only to China in terms of business potential, performance and competitiveness. The mass media explosion experienced in Kerala, the most developed state of India next to Gujarat had made the marketing and communication strategies easier for the durables marketers. The sales of consumer durables have been stupendous in the past five years with the demand rising by leaps and bounds, despite the global recession that struck USA in 2008 with ramifications across the globe. The religious affiliations and belief system could shape the personality-self- image-of the Consumers and their purchase attitude towards durables. Consumer behavior as a science is only forty years old with oldest buying behavior model unveiled in the late 60’s. Internal variables like personality attitude, belief and opinions have been studied across the globe. Among the external variables culture and religion have emerged as key external variables. This aspect is explored herein on the impact of religious beliefs on Purchase attitude-behavior  in the dichotomy of the rural-urban divide. India is going to become one of the biggest markets for consumer durable as the country becomes one of the top five economics in the world. (Nagraj 2000, Sengupta et al 2008).The market for durables will significantly increase in future and hence worth studying this market and how religiosity could affect the consumer purchase behavior in this segment is important. India being a multi-religious country makes it interesting to find out if there are any differences in consumer behavior with respect to durables
Aural Myiasis in Patient with Intact Tympanic Membrane
Get PDFMyiasis is a disease caused by larvae. Aural myiasis occurs frequently in chronic otitis media but rarely found in patients with intact tynpanic membrane. In this report, aural myiasis in a child with intact tympanic membrane, is reported
Comparative in vitro anti-oxidative properties of statins
Get PDFIntroduction: This study seeks to determine and compare the in vitro anti-oxidative properties of 5 statins which aare available in the market for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Methods: The ability of the statins to inhibit free radical formation by 2,2-Diphyenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and thiobarbituric aci d (TBA) in liver homogenates was determined. Results: Out of the 5 statins tested, atorvastatin, simvastatin and rosuvastatin gave the highest inhibibition and lowest median effective concentration (IC50). Pravastatin and fluvastatin were weak inhibitors of free radical formations. Conclusion: This study shows that there is evidence on the anti-oxidative properties of statins in addition to their hypolipidemic properties
The effect of the antioxidant drug “U-74389G†on testosterone levels during ischemia reperfusion injury in rats
Get PDFBackground: This experimental study examined the effect of the antioxidant drug “U-74389Gâ€, on a rat model and particularly in an adrenal ischemia - reperfusion protocol. The effects of that molecule were studied biochemically using blood mean testosterone (T) levels.Materials and methods: 40 rats of mean weight 231.875 g were used in the study. Testosterone levels were measured at 60 min of reperfusion (groups A and C) and at 120 min of reperfusion (groups B and D), A and B without but C and D with U-74389G administration.Results: U-74389G administration significantly increased the T levels by 52.17%+28.69% (p=0.0451). Reperfusion time significantly decreased the T levels by 85.62%+26.33% (P= 0.0019). However, U-74389G administration and reperfusion time together produced a non-significant combined effect in increasing the T levels by 11.18%+17.97% (p= 0.5245).Conclusions: U-74389G administration interacted or not with reperfusion time increased short – term the testosterone levels.        Â
Effect of HIV/AIDS Prevalence on Farm Income of People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Kogi State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study was on effect of HIV/AIDS prevalence on farm income of People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Kogi State, Nigeria. The study described the socio-economic characteristics of PLWHA who are small scale farmers, determined the factors affecting the farm income of PLWHA, and identified the major problems encountered by PLWHA in the study area. A simple random sampling method was used. Three health care facilities and one community based organization were selected. Thirty (30) PLWHA-small scale farmers were randomly selected from each of the facilities making a total of 120 respondents. Data were gathered through questionnaire administration. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and mean score were used for data analysis. The results showed that 45.8% of the respondents were widow with non-formal education and a household size of 6-10. 60% of the respondents were full time farmers with farming experience of 11-15 years. Age, technology adoption and labour lost as a result of HIV/AIDS were significant variables affecting the farm income of PLWHA. Labour lost had a negative coefficient while age and technology adoption were positively related to farm income. The major problems encountered by PLWHA who are small scale farmers include low earnings, stigmatization, discrimination, inadequate capital, and lack of credit facilities. The study recommends that government should take necessary measures to control the spread of the disease. Also, soft loan should be made available and accessible to PLWHA who are small scale farmers