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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Hydrology and Water Management: Applications, Challenges, and Perspectives
No full textThe hydrologic sciences and water resources management have long depended on a combination of in situ measurements and remotely sensed data for research and regulatory purposes. In situ measurements are constrained in their spatial distribution by both logistics and costs. Satellite- and manned aircraft-based remote sensing provide spatially broad data, but often of a coarse resolution. Furthermore, all these data collection methods are often limited in their ability to respond to specific short-term events when the data and imagery could inform real-time assessment and decision-making, especially during and immediately after natural disasters. Researchers and regulators are increasingly using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to fill these gaps in both spatial and temporal data resolution. UAVs are often more cost-effective than traditional remote sensing or in situ data collection methodologies and the availability of new advancements in UAV design, power supply, payload capacity, and sensors has been driving rapid innovations in their use in the hydrological sciences. This in-depth review explores these UAV technologies and how they are being employed for on-demand and cost-effective characterization, monitoring, assessment, and modeling of soil and water resources. Our discussion addresses both key opportunities and challenges in surface water and groundwater studies, landatmosphere interaction studies, water management in agriculture and forestry, ecosystem monitoring, and hydrological modeling
Luke and Legacy: Bruce Lincoln and the Construction of Jesus\u27s Prophet-like Authority in the Gospel of Luke
No full textIn his gospel, Luke uses various identity markers in his description of Jesus (Son of God, Son of Man, Davidide, etc.). One of the primary markers that Luke uses for Jesus is “prophet,” and this marker serves Luke’s historiographical purpose of identifying Jesus as the culminating figure in Israelite history. A significant body of work has already been produced discussing the areas where Jesus is shown to act like a prophet. However, this thesis will continue the discussion by looking at the places where Jesus is shown to “bust” the prophetic mold by doing and saying things that prophets normally do not. First, this thesis will discuss some ideas offered by Bruce Lincoln (ancestral invocation, shared eschatological images, and authority construction) that will prove useful in identifying how Luke uses the prophetic office in his historiography. It will then discuss a variety of prophetic tropes that commonly appear in the Old Testament in order to then show how Luke has Jesus emulate these motifs in his gospel. It will be demonstrated that Luke shows Jesus to surpass or “bust” these prophetic tropes, thus cementing Jesus as one who is truly the ultimate figure of Israelite history and the legitimate central figure in the early Christian community
Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale-Spanish (TABS-S) Version: Translation and Initial Evaluation of Psychometric Properties
No full textAlthough the field of transprejudice studies has been growing, the literature suggests a need for quality assessments in languages other than English. To address this need, our study translated the Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (TABS) and evaluated its psychometric properties for use with Spanish-speaking populations. We recruited participants ( = 605) from American and Spanish samples. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit, confirming the three-factor structure of TABS-Spanish Version (TABS-S). Correlations with existing measures provided evidence for its convergent and discriminant validity. Known-groups validity of the TABS-S was evidenced through confirming previous findings that females show less transgender prejudice than males. Moreover, the internal consistency of the TABS-S scores was high for the total scale (α = .96) and subscales (α = .87-.96). Overall, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that the TABS-S is a valid and reliable scale appropriate for use with Spanish-speaking populations
Vertical Fault Migration Potential of Subsurface Contamination into the Ozark Aquifer: Greene County, Missouri
No full textMigration of fluids are commonly handled differently in subfields within the geosciences. In petroleum systems, bedrock evaluation, isopach stratigraphic models, and fault throw estimation are key tools for assessing reservoir quality. Because of the similarities between petroleum systems and groundwater/well-head protection investigations, there is significant opportunity to retask tools and approaches between these two specialties. In southwest Missouri, horizontal to subhorizontal strata are offset by small displacement (throw ranging from 3-55 meters) normal faults. Stratigraphic units also contain karst heterogeneities in carbonate units, which dominate the stratigraphy. The Mississippian Northview Formation contains shale with minor interbedded siltstone that varies between 0 and 27 meters and acts as a regional confining unit for the underlying Ozark aquifer. In recent years, the connection and potential for surficial contaminants to infiltrate the Ozark aquifer through the Northview Formation along major normal faults has been of concern to state and local officials. To assess the risk of migration through the Ozark Confining Unit along faults, we constructed (a) isopach thickness maps constructed from publicly available well data and (b) maximum fault throw models based on geologic maps and field investigations. Using these two map products, a series of fault migration risk map are presented by subtracting the maximum fault throw from the Northview Formation thickness map to identify areas where fault offset is insufficient to allow downward migration through faults (Northview thickness exceeds fault throw), and therefore there is a low risk of contamination into the Ozark aquifer from the surface or near surface. High risk areas are identified by zones where Northview thickness does not exceed maximum fault throw and, therefore, surficial contaminants could conceivably travel downward along fault conduits into lower stratigraphic units. We propose this decision-making tool may improve site-by-site evaluation of the potential for vertical migration via faults and allow for more focused remediation techniques to fit the actual risks
Multiracial Identity: Membership and Cultural Representation
No full textWhat follows are two methods woven together to investigate multiracial identity and membership. The first section investigates the role of ethnographic research as the methodological tool of choice for a multiracial who positions herself along the liminal perspective through experimental autoethnographic tales of ambiguous embodiment. The tales weave in and out of the text and work to articulate multiracial identity through a critical race standpoint rooted in amorphousness. The second section applies a traditional qualitative approach, including narrative interviews of multiracial participants – focusing on intercultural communication. Identity negotiation theory and communication accommodation theory guide my investigation into intergroup communication/coping strategies
The Perspectives of School-Aged Dancers and their Parents on the Developmental Benefits of Participation in Weekly Dance Classes
No full textWeekly dance classes are a popular after school activity for many children in the United States. Although at first glance, one may simply see toddlers bouncing up and down or adolescents engaging in repetitive movements at the ballet barre, there is much more going on than what meets the eye. The purpose of this study was to determine the perspectives of school-aged children and their parents on the developmental benefits of participation in weekly dance classes. This qualitative study gathered data through interviews with students (and their parents) enrolled in a small dance studio located in Springfield, Missouri. This research study ultimately identified developmental benefits in the domains of social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development, as a result of school-aged dancers’ participation in weekly dance classes
Marker-Assisted Selection to Determine the Introgression of Rpv-3 Mediated Downy Mildew Resistance in \u27Chambourcin\u27 X \u27Caberenet Sauvignon\u27 Grapevine Population
No full textDowny mildew caused by the fungus, Plasmopara viticola in the grapes is one of the major diseases affecting crop yield throughout the world. Breeding grapes via conventional methods for the downy mildew resistance will take approximately 25-30 years to fully evaluate and release new cultivars. Because of the long breeding cycle in woody plant species like grape, developing DNA markers linked to genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for horticultural traits can greatly accelerate the breeding process and allow a much more accurate selection of progeny. This study aims to determine the presence of resistance in the 267 F1 genotypes developed by crossing the downy mildew resistant cultivar, Vitis interspecific hybrid ‘Chambourcin’, and the disease susceptible cultivar, V. vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ using DNA markers. ‘Chambourcin’ has the Rpv3 downy mildew resistance locus. Using 4 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers linked to the Rpv3 locus, UDV730, UDV734, UDV736, UDV737, the Rpv3 resistance alleles were examined among the hybrid progenies via marker-assisted selection. The data was analyzed to confirm which resistance allele sizes were passed down from the pedigree of the ‘Chambourcin’ to the hybrid progeny. This study will help provide the industry stakeholders from the grape and wine community with new cultivars that are adapted to Missouri
Foliar application of nanoparticles: Mechanisms of absorption, transfer, and multiple impacts
No full textFoliar spray of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) as nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanosensors, and nanocarriers is increasingly being employed in the agricultural industry. Foliar spraying of NPs improves the effectiveness of plant protection technologies compared to traditional soil-root application. Foliar-sprayed NPs mainly enter the leaves through stomata and are transported to different plant parts via apoplastic and symplastic pathways. Foliar NPs enhance defenses and resistance against pests and diseases and improve the yield and quality of crops. However, the mechanisms of damage caused by foliar NPs need further elucidation. Moreover, important factors limiting foliage uptake of NPs such as wax deposits on leaf surfaces, environmental factors (e.g., light, temperature, and humidity), and physical and chemical properties of NPs should be investigated to further improve this technology
Magnetic and gravity investigation of kimberlites in north-central Botswana
No full textThe Orapa kimberlite field of Botswana is one of the world\u27s major diamond producing regions. Within this field, there are several small kimberlite pipes that have not been completely explored in terms of their lateral extent, depth, and diamond potential. Two such pipes, BK54 and BK55, were found during a ground gravity and magnetic survey, and subsequent drilling confirmed the presence of kimberlite material. To determine the physical properties of these pipes, their lateral extent, depth, and thickness were estimated using a gravity and magnetic analysis and 2.5D and 3D modeling. Tilt derivatives of the magnetic data indicated that BK54 has a northwest-trending elliptical shape and BK55 has a roughly circular shape. Residual gravity anomaly maps indicate that BK54 does not have a density anomaly whereas BK55 is associated with a gravity maximum. The 3D gravity and magnetic inversion modeling constrained by magnetic susceptibility measurements indicates that BK54 is smaller in volume than BK55 and that neither pipe is thicker than 125 m. The difference in shape and the lack of a gravity anomaly over BK54 implies a different formation mechanism for each kimberlite pipe. Although several mechanisms are suggested, BK54 may have formed by a more explosive eruption producing more tuffistic material in the crater and diatreme facies. The gravity and magnetic analysis also found that the kimberlite pipes, while small, are larger in extent than was determined by drilling and warrant additional drilling to determine their economic potential
Can a portable balance system predict fall risk in community-dwelling older women?
No full textPURPOSE: Increased fall risk has been linked to age, being female, and age-related changes in the postural control system. The purpose of this study was to determine if a portable balance system could predict fall risk by determining the relationship among the modified Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB) scores, age, the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) score, and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score in community-dwelling older women. Insight into these relationships may facilitate early intervention and decrease fall risk in older women.
METHODS: This study was a non-experimental, prospective, cross-sectional, exploratory analysis to determine the relationship among the mCTSIB, age, ABC, and BBS. Women aged 65 years and over were selected from two independent living facilities using a sample of convenience (n=42).
RESULTS: The mCTSIB firm surface, eyes open and the ABC predicted fall risk (BBS) scores, F(2, 36)=35.72, p\u3c0.001, R2=0.67, but adding age did not significantly improve the model, b= -0.17, t(36)= -1.71, p=0.10. CONCLUSION: A portable balance system may be an effective screening tool to predict fall risk in community-dwelling older women and may be used by a variety of allied health professionals. Postural sway, and perceived balance, predicted fall risk scores (BBS). More specifically, data obtained from the mCTSIB firm surface, eyes open test condition when combined with ABC scores could lead to identification of increased fall risk, allowing clinicians to recommend early treatment intervention to prevent future falls