The Trumpeter - Journal of Ecosophy (Athabasca University)

Jenkins, Mary

The Dystopian World of Blade Runner: An Ecofeminist Perspective

Colton, John W.

Trumpeter (1997)
ISSN: 0832-6193
River Poetry: Reawakenings of A River Guide
John W. Colton
Trumpeter
River Poetry: Reawakenings of A River Guide 2
JOHN COLTON: Recently, I have come to use the term guide as
a metaphor for my own experiences both near and far from the
river. As a guide, I am a facilitator of a journey in which the final
outcome depends on the direction others wish to go. Along the
way, I try to provide encouragement, advice, and alternatives but
I do not always point the way. Throughout a journey I realize
that it is often I who have been guided.
My current research has taken me from the Tatshenshini river
to the boreal forest of northern Alberta, where I am currently
involved with a First nations People who are interested in devel-
oping ecotourism as a sustainable form of economic development
on their traditional land.
River rafting can be an exploratory journey where understandings begin to
emerge between self, others, and the natural environment. Although I have
guided on northern rivers for close to ten years, I have just come to realize that
for much of that time my eyes were closed. They were closed to the beauty
and wonder of the landscape through which we passed, the changes in people as
they began to feel at home in the wilderness environment, and the even more
subtle feelings of interconnectedness between myself, other people on the trip,
and the river environment.
In research for my Master’s degree, I hoped to gain a better sense of how wilder-
ness affects individuals. More specifically, I wanted to better understand the
nature of extended day river travel and its affects on people. But rather than
approaching my study inductively, I took the opportunity to fill a gap in the
literature concerning recreation benefits. So, I became a positivistic researcher
trying to quantitatively measure the river trip participant’s experience through
a benefits scale, which I administered prior to and following each trip. Although
the data I collected could be useful to managers of recreation areas, and per-
haps to commercial operators of wilderness tours, in the end I was unable to
explain what I had learned. How did travelling by raft in such a unique pristine
wilderness such as the Tatshenshini river affect the participants?
Two years later I had the opportunity to revisit my ”data” as part of an assign-
ment for a qualitative methods course. I explained my dissatisfaction with my
Master’s research to my instructor. During the course of the conversation I also
mentioned that during the river trips we had what has come to be called ”Po-
etry Night,” in which all participants of the trip, guides included, write poems
and prose which celebrate the river journey. The poems are later recorded in a
journal and sent to the participants of the trip.
After hearing this, it was suggested that I examine some of the poetry and
prose to determine how this form of ”data” might explain the nature of river
travel and its effects on the participants. After reading, then reflecting upon the
Copyright 1999 Trumpeter
River Poetry: Reawakenings of A River Guide 3
experiences of others as described in their poetry and prose, I began to realize
that it was indeed me who needed to learn. What follows are excerpts from
some of their poetry and how I was able to learn from these gifts.
River Poetry
In my interpretations of the poetry written while travelling down the Tatshen-
shini River (located in northwestern British Columbia), I became aware of how
each individual uniquely expresses her or his experience in the poetry or prose
that they write. While some may talk of the ice and mountains, others will
consider the river and the affects this moving life-force of water has on them.
Some find the combination of ice, water and natural forces a form of art. As
one participant writes: ¡POEM¿Icebergs are smooth, sculpted by fierce forces of
nature Calving off the glaciers with intensity of thunder Deep compressed blues,
smoothed by water’s solutions, A gentle pattern, a serene setting, Contrasts of
nature brought together
As we climb into the sub-alpine, away from the river, we are reminded of where
we came from, and where we are going next, the confluence of the Alsek and
Tatshenshini Rivers. Again, there is an expectancy of what awaits. Someone
relates: ¡POEM¿As the Tatshenshini flows, she knows her name will be no more
She lays her breast to the loin of Alsek, and together they in passion roar
The river is becoming much more than just a moving volume of water. The river
is becoming a life force of spirituality that begins to transcend much more than
those who travel on it or along its banks. There is a sense of peace about the
river that is representative of the peace many people strive for in their everyday
lives, but all too often cannot attain. It was noted in the journal that:
The wildness of the Tatshenshini River is the purest reflection of the
spirit that moves all Things that exist on our planet
Another participant expresses: ¡POEM¿Peace is paddling down this remote
wilderness river Where every listening moment hears nothing but agreement
Where the spirit is embraced solely by nature’s solitude Where passing images
of life bring heartfelt reflections To protect these areas is to protect Peace of
mind and soul
Finally, one person’s poem appeared to combine the forces of human nature
and the greater natural world. In doing so, I was struck by the depth of the
prose. How could this person, who has been on the river for such a short time,
come to these extraordinary insights? She writes: ¡POEM¿If we could read
the Tatshenshini journey as a living scripture We could see once again Mother
Copyright 1999 Trumpeter
Nature and human nature walking hand in hand. This enlightenment would be
a gift to be shared around the world.
Reawakenings
Guiding multi-day river trips throughout the summer is a fun but busy job. By
the end of the day most guides, including myself, have spent from 4-6 hours
rowing a raft, cooked breakfast, set up lunch, cooked dinner, done several in-
terpretive walks, and relaxed around the campfire with the participants. Un-
fortunately in the process, it is not uncommon for some river guides to take
for granted the wonderful landscape through which they are passing and the
interacting human element. I have found myself to be a prime example of this
phenomena.
However, in reviewing the poetry that was meant to help me understand others’
experiences more fully, I actually became more aware of my own experiences
on the river, or rather lack thereof. I was so busy, I never looked up, and
when I managed to find the time, I forgot to look, to think, and to absorb the
experiences unfolding before me. As I stated earlier, my eyes were closed.
Last summer while guiding river trips on the Tatshenshini River I began to
reawaken to and feel the sense of peace that others had written about. I noticed
the intricate designs amongst the glacial ice and the icebergs, the minute alpine
flowers, and the sound and feel of the wind as it rushed down the mountain
valleys over our campsite and into the river basin. The poetry I had read the
previous spring had come alive; I was part of this lived experience, no longer
just an observer.
I now realize that I have been on several journeys at once. From an academic
perspective I have come to understand that the words, experiences, and the
stories of others are a more meaningful way to convey the essence of wilder-
ness experience. This realization has, in turn, helped me to establish my own
philosophical foundation for research in which I am aware that the outcome is
based on many elements from which I cannot be separated. In addition, my
experience as a river guide has changed. The poetry that had lain dormant on
my shelf has inspired me to experience the river and its people in a way that I
had forgotten. I am grateful for their words and thank them for bringing me on
their river journey.
River Poetry: Reawakenings of A River Guide 5
Citation Format
Colton, John W. (1997) River Poetry: Reawakenings of A River Guide Trumpeter: 14, 2.
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Copyright 1999 Trumpeter


River Poetry: Reawakenings of A River Guide

Colletto, Hank

Education, The Deep Ecology Movement, and Transition

Devall, Bill

Trumpeter (1997)
ISSN: 0832-6193
Book Review: Betrayal of Science and Reason: How
Anti-Environmental Rhetoric Threatens Our Future
Bill Devall
Trumpeter
Book Review: Betrayal of Science and Reason: How Anti-Environmental
Rhetoric Threatens Our Future 2
Betrayal of Science and Reason: How Anti-Environmental Rhetoric Threatens
Our Future.
Paul R. Ehrlich and Anne H. Ehrlich.
Island Press, Covelo, California, 1996.
Paul and Anne Ehrlich had three goals in writing Betrayal of Science and Rea-
son, first ”to counter the erroneous information and mis-representations put
forth by brownlash (authors)”; second, to reach a broad audience of readers,
including journalists, scientists, and citizens and ”provide them with accurate
scientific information they can use to evaluate critically and counter the com-
mentary of the brownlash,” and third, ”to encourage other scientists to speak
out and become involved (in environmental issues).”
The Ehrlichs identify and refute specific fallacies in the statements of such
brownlash authors as Julian Simon, Gregg Easterbrook, Charles Mann, and
Mark L. Plummer. These brownlash authors provide many statements of anti-
environmental rhetoric. The Ehrlichs note that many brownlash authors cite
the writings of contrarian scientists. Contrarian scientists are those who take
a drastically different view from that of the scientific consensus. Furthermore,
contrarian scientists frequently ignore basic principles of scientific methodology
in reaching their conclusions.
The Ehrlichs demonstrate how statements by brownlash authors are used to
create confusion and doubt in the minds of concerned citizens. Doubt and
confusion saps the will of citizens to engage in needed, collective political action.
The Ehrlichs conclude, correctly in the estimation of this reviewer, that only
concerted, radical action based on strong consensus on the necessity for social
change will provide us with any chance to avoid social disaster.
The Ehrlichs document the consensus in the scientific community concerning
the current human dilemma. They conclude that ”to a very large degree, that
consensus is based on first principles, such as the following: it is impossible to
have exponential growth of the human population at anything like today’s rates
for very much longer; adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere will change
the climate; agriculture is dependent on reasonably stable climates; habitat
destruction causes extinctions.” In support of these statements the Ehrlichs
include the complete text of The World’s Scientists Warning to Humanity, signed
by 1,575 scientists in 1992, in the appendix of their book.
While admitting that there has been good news for certain environmental trends
over the past decades, the Ehrlichs put the good news in the perspective of
increasing human disruptions of natural systems.
Throughout their book, the Ehrlichs distinguish between misrepresentations of
scientific literature and making predictions based on scientific theories that turn
out wrong. ”The first is not part of the scientific process; the second frequently
Copyright 1999 Trumpeter
is.”
They conclude that the stakes are much too high to allow brownlash authors
to go unchallenged. ”Not only do brownlash messages confuse and mislead the
public on the importance of the environmental situation, they are being adopted
and used as a basis for critical policy decisions - often without careful examina-
tion of potential consequences of those decisions. Brownlash commentary needs
to be exposed for what it is: polemics based on a fundamental misinterpretation
of scientific knowledge and the scientific process.” (p.201)
The Ehrlichs conclude by calling upon scientists, journalists and teachers to
present environmental science accurately and clearly to the public and to policy-
makers. They urge scientists to get involved with public policy issues, explain
science to the electronic media, and attack the mis-representations of brownlash
authors.
While the Ehrlichs write only about mis-representations of scientific theories,
other authors, such as Gary Snyder and George Sessions, have noted the con-
fusion engendered by mis-representations of environmental philosophy. Gary
Snyder, in a recent essay in Wild Earth (Winter 1996/97 ”Nature as seen from
Kitkitdizze is No ’Social Construction’”) states that
conservationists and environmentalists have brought some of this on
themselves. We still have not communicated well on the question
of ’why value biodiversity?’ Many if not most citizens are genuinely
confused over why such importance appears to be placed on hitherto
unheard-of owls or fish. Scientists have been heard from, but the
writers and philosophers among us (me too) should speak our deep
feelings for the value of the non-human with greater clarity. We need
to be more creative, stay fresh, write clean prose, eschew obscurity,
and not intentionally exaggerate. And we need to comprehend the
pain and distress of working people everywhere.
The betrayal of science and reason and deliberate anti-environmental campaigns
designed to confuse citizens has made the work of activists, scientists, and en-
vironmental philosophers more difficult. However, we can present arguments in
ways that lay people can understand; we can work with responsible journalists
and we can write articles for newspapers and popular journals that encourage
strong political decisions based on the scientific consensus and principles of en-
vironmental philosophy. Expose rhetoric; expose phrases such as ”forest health”
and expose the mis-representations of brownlash authors.
Book Review: Betrayal of Science and Reason: How Anti-Environmental
Rhetoric Threatens Our Future 4
Citation Format
Devall, Bill (1997) Book Review: Betrayal of Science and Reason: How Anti-Environmental
Rhetoric Threatens Our Future Trumpeter: 14, 1. http://www.icaap.org/iuicode?6.14.1.12
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Book Review: Betrayal of Science and Reason: How Anti-Environmental Rhetoric Threatens Our Future

Boston, Tim

Situating a Subjective Project: A Radical Ecologist's Interpretation of Wellness

Quinn, Michael S.

Scott, Jennifer R.

Of Mega-Malls and Soft-Shelled Turtles: Deep Ecological Education to Counter Homogeneity

Desrochers, Danielle

Trumpeter (1997)
ISSN: 0832-6193
Tribal Call
Danielle Desrochers
Trumpeter
¡POEM¿I hate being alone when I don’t want to. I wish I could live in a
house full of people, With noise and busy-ness, Laughter and shouts To keep
me company. I’d rather have too much busy and not enough lonely Than the
other way around. ¡POEM¿My tribal tendencies are emerging. I feel like an
outcast - alone. I miss my family, my tribe. I miss being with people who love
me and are concerned about me, know me and Want to know me, Value me and
like my company. ¡POEM¿This house is so empty. I’m feeling lost and small
and scared. I need someone to hold my hand. I’m tired of being brave - alone.
¡POEM¿This house doesn’t feel like home anymore. Well, it’s only a shadow of
what it used to mean to me. ¡POEM¿I hear my Mother calling. She’d sound
louder if she had to shout above the noise of a full and busy household... or is
it because together, we have more ears to hear her?
Citation Format
Desrochers, Danielle (1997) Tribal Call Trumpeter: 14, 2.
http://www.icaap.org/iuicode?6.14.2.20
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Tribal Call

Morgan, Gary

Sensual Awareness in Wildlands Tripping: A Path to Connection with the Wilds

Hakim, Besim S.

Trumpeter (1997)
ISSN: 0832-6193
Book Report: The Home: Words, Interpretations, Mean-
ings and Environments
Besim S. Hakim
Trumpeter
Book Report: The Home: Words, Interpretations, Meanings and Environments2
BESIM S. HAKIM l ives and works in Albuquerque, New Mexico,
USA He is an architect, urban planner and author who has spent
most of his career in teaching and research.
The Home: Words, Interpretations, Meanings and Environments, David N. Ben-
jamin (ed); Avebury Publishing Ltd., Aldershot, Hants, UK, 1995. 324 pages, 63
figures, US $ 68.95 (hardcover). Distributed in the US and Canada by Ashgate
Publishing Company, Brookfield, VT.
This book is a compilation of fifteen articles, fourteen of which were initially
presented at a 3 - day symposium held at the University of Trondheim, Nor-
way, during the period 20-23 July 1992, and titled: The Ancient Home and
the Modern Internationalized Home: Dwelling in Scandinavia. A fifteenth arti-
cle by Stefan Brink was commissioned later by the editor David N. Benjamin.
The authors revised their work during the period 1993 - 1994, and the editor
added an Introduction, and an Afterword. The result is a valuable volume on
this important topic. It is published as part of the series titled: ”Ethnoscapes:
Current Challenges in the Environmental Social Sciences”, which is edited by
David Canter and David Stea. This is the 14th volume in the series. David
Saile of the University of Cincinnati contributed a Forward to the book. The
disciplines which are represented by the fifteen contributors are: anthropolo-
gy, archaeology, architecture, ethnology, etymology, geography, human ecology,
political science, and urban studies.
The editor has grouped the articles in four parts, whose contributors are indi-
cated:
1-Home: Toward a Definition of the Concept Stefan Brink, Amos Rapoport,
Roderick J. Lawrence, Bror Westman. 2-Home as a Cultural Interpretation
Tool Ruth Tringham, Neil S. Price, Juhani Pallasmaa. 3-Home as a Reflection of
Societal Contention and Change J. Douglas Porteous, Susan Kent, David Stea,
Frands Herschend, Marjorie Bulos and Waheed Chaker. 4-Home and House:
Lessons from the Past to the Present Jorn Orum-Nielsen, Tomas Wikstrom, Eje
Aren.
David N. Benjamin, the editor who is a scholar and an architect, seems to
be imbedded in the field of Environment-Behaviour Studies (EBS). His intro-
duction and Afterword are written with the vantage point of the conceptual
schem which this field of study has established for itself. The field’s goal be-
ing ”the generation of knowledge and the discovery of processes and systems to
understanding design-behavior interactions, and to develop a theory of the en-
vironment in relation to human activity” ; and the home is viewed by members
of this discipline as ”one of the archetypical places in place research of study
empirically from the perspective of the user”. (p.12).
The historical time frame which the editor and a number of the contributors
Copyright 1999 Trumpeter
Book Report: The Home: Words, Interpretations, Meanings and Environments3
refer to is from the birth of Christ, about 2000 years ago, although hardly any
reference is made to the literature and archaeological evidence available from
the cultures and civilizations of the ancient Near East, Islam, India and Chi-
na. Occasional reference is made of Greek sources such as in the article by
Stefan Brink on ”Home: The Term and the Concept from a Linguistic and
Settlement-Historical Viewpoint”. Most of the historical linkages are made to
German and Saxon sources and Scandinavian roots. This is understandable as
the symposium which generated these contributions concentrated on dwelling
in Scandinavia as the primary locale. It should be noted however that seven
of fifteen articles have value to an international audience who are interested
or already imbedded in this topic. These are three articles in Part 1: Amos
Rapoport on ”A Critical Look at the Concept of Home”, Roderick J. Lawrence
on ”Deciphering Home: An Integrative Historical Perspective”, Bror Westman
on ”The Home and Homes”. One article in Part 2 by Juhani Pallasmaa on
”Identity, Intimacy, and Domicile: Notes on the Phenomenology of Home”; and
three contributions in Part 3: J. Douglas Porteous on ”Domicide: The Destruc-
tion of Home”, Susan Kent on ”Ethnoarchaeology and the Concept of Home:
A Cross Cultural Analysis”, and David Stea on ”House and Home: Identity,
Dichotomy, or Dialectic?”. The rest of the contributions, eight articles, are
primarily addressed to the Scandinavian context, and thus their relevance to
an international audience is limited to the insight they provide as case studies.
These are from Part 1: Stefan Brink on ”Home: The Term and the Concept
from a Linguistic and Settlement-Historical Viewpoint” ; from Part 2: Ruth
Tringham on ”Archaeological Houses, Households, Housework, and the Home”;
Neil S. Price on ”House and Home in Viking Age Iceland: Cultural Expression
in Scandinavian Colonial Architecture” ; from Part 3: Frands Herschend on
”The Origin of the Hall in Southern Scandinavia” Marjorie Bulos and Waheed
Chaker on ”Sustaining a Sense of Home and Personal Identity” ; from Part 4:
Jorn Orum-Nielsen on ”Denmark’s living Housing Tradition”; Tomas Wilkstrom
on ”The Home and Housing Modernization”; and Eje Aren on ”What Can We
Learn from the Reconstruction of Pre-Historic Buildings?”. The book there-
fore is primarily valuable to a northern European, specifically Scandinavian,
audience and secondarily to a world wide audience of scholars and students in
various disciplines pursuing studies or research on house and home.
In his Introduction the editor presents a brief synopsis of each contribution
and attempts to place it in the context of this field of study. It is however
in his Afterword that he synthesizes his perceptions of the contributions in this
volume in five aspects related to the meaning of the term ”home”: as a word; the
descriptive use of the word in the social science, humanistic, and architectural
literature; the juridical meaning of the word; its place in psychiatric research;
and as a cultural phenomenon in the individual and collective life of diverse
human groups. The Afterword is valuable as an attempt to pull together the
diverse points of view and the research experiences of the contributors. The
editor, David N. Benjamin, correctly and wisely concludes that: ”Perhaps the
home should not be defined once and for all. Its role as a concept that encourages
Copyright 1999 Trumpeter
scholarly study and creativity across the boundaries of many disciplines may be
more important than what might be gained by holding down the meaning to
one set of words.” (p.299).
I recommend this volume as an important reference to those scholars and s-
tudents in many disciplines, particulary those in the Scandinavian countries,
who are interested in this topic or who are imbedded in studies about habitat,
housing, house, and home.
Citation Format
Hakim, Besim S. (1997) Book Report: The Home: Words, Interpretations, Meanings and
Environments Trumpeter: 14, 3. http://www.icaap.org/iuicode?6.14.3.15
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Book Report: The Home: Words, Interpretations, Meanings and Environments

Hayward, Stuart

Trumpeter (1997)
ISSN: 0832-6193
Doors
Stuart Hayward
Earth Action
Doors 2
STUART HAYWARD is program coordinator with Earth Action
in Amherst, Massachusettes.
Doors. They are simple technology. They open or shut, or stay somewhere
in-between. But they represent, both physically and in symbol, the primary
boundary between acceptance and rejection.
I go in. Before I can go in I must open the door. If the door is a part of my
territory I may need only use my key (another technology which extends the
sense of security I attach to the door). If it is the territory of another, then I
must perform the ritual of first rapping my fist against the door - even if it is
partly open - and beg for leave to pass through the portal.
A half open door would seem to show ambivalence. Why have a door if it is not
to be open to full passage or closed to prohibit same? Approaching a half open
door I feel awkward. I must not assume it displays the invitation associated
with a door wide open; neither should I pretend it is shut. Shall I walk in, shall
I knock; shall I look in or studiously avoid same?
I come from a society where the door is an important piece of cultural machinery.
Bermuda has a population density of 3,000 people per square mile - one of the
highest in the world, and THE highest among oceanic islands. With so many
people living literally on each others door-step, a door is a necessary shield from
the rest of the world and provides security. When I was growing up, the door
to our house was shut mainly to keep out flies; and when we acquired a screen
door, was shut only at night or when we went away from home (even then it was
never locked - I don’t think anyone would have known where to find a key...).
Slamming a door was forbidden in my house. My mother had three reasons it
wasn’t allowed. First, each time the door slammed, it made a shock for the door
itself, the door’s accessories (latch, hinges, panels), the door frame and other
structural components - those nearer getting a worse shock than those afar. My
mother was an accomplished carpenter and was most sensitive to the effects of
human activities on the longevity of wood furniture. (I didn’t think before now
of a door as furniture, but so it is). Second, Slamming a door made noise far
above our ambient low-technology-lifestyle levels. Bermuda was a quieter place
in those days than now, and far quieter than most other places. A slamming
door could be heard by all the neighbors for some distance. My mom didn’t like
hearing their doors slam either.
The third reason was that the noise and shock of a slamming door was made
use of by some wishing to display their anger. After slamming a door to vent
such feeling, one could claim it was an accident or that the wind had shut the
door before we could stop it. Have you ever tried to stop a door being powered
shut by the wind? I can see the sequence of events so clearly in my mind. The
door, standing fully ajar, catches some portion of the passing breeze and, like
Copyright 1999 Trumpeter
a filling sail, begins its movement. Imperceptibly at first, then gathering speed
and force, it rushes ever faster to a crashing closure. If one spots the motion
early enough, one can attempt to intervene; but too often the attempt is aborted
for fear the door will eat one’s fingers as it snaps shut. My mother knew these
games - no doubt having played them herself. There would be no slamming of
doors accidentally on purpose in her house. All doors were to be shut gently,
noiselessly, at all times.
When a door is shut, one can but imagine what goes on beyond. Are there
people, are they lovers or combatants, are they awake, asleep or dead; is there
great treasure or monsters waiting to pounce, or is there but an empty room?
Before a door opens, one cannot be certain that beyond its portal lies the
universe, or the great nothingness....
An open door extends one’s sight into the vista beyond, be it out into the
world or in into a room. Through an open door, out-of-doors becomes real
and welcomes me into the freedom of doorlessness. Through an open door,
a room once hidden assumes a reality which was otherwise held up only by
remembrance, or imagination, or faith. Doors have this power of magic.
Doors hold every shape and every rank. There are cupboard doors, closet doors,
doors to medicine cabinets, trap doors, attic doors; doors flimsy and solid,
doors great and small. There are doors to compartments like those in the car
purporting to hold gloves but crammed full of old and poorly folded maps; doors
that hide the fine-tuning dials of the VCR; tent doors that zip open and shut.
Doors of elegant fashion stream the lines of a car; doors of massive function
close the bank’s vault. Leaden doors obstruct radiation; damped-motion doors
gently yield a cassette on my tape deck. There are creaky doors spreading fear;
shuttered doors shedding light and air while blocking sight; sliding doors saving
space.
As an extension of human capability and complexity, doors may not rank with
other technology such as the telephone, computer or automobile. However,
as low-tech and very simple machines, doors are ubiquitous. They are found in
every facet of virtually every human community, representing a binary boundary
- open or shut.
Perhaps the evidence of their importance in our lives is the way doors are used
as metaphors for events of progression in life: doors of opportunity; carrying
a new bride across the threshold; the portals of death; the ultimate of human
aspiration: the stone rolled away - the triumph of resurrection.
Doors 4
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Doors

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