International Healthcare Research Journal (IHRJ)
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Dentistry at the Nano Level: The Advent of Nanodentistry
Get PDFOne of the revolutions in the filed of dentistry is nanodentistry. It has the power to completely revolutionized the field of dentistry through use of nano particles that shall guide and help maintain one’s overall oral health. Painful procedures shall be a thing of the past as nanomaterials shall reduce pain during various dental procedures, help remineralise tooth and associated structures and help maintain oral hygiene. This review focusses on the various aspects of nanodentistry and how it can revolutionize dentistry
Physiotherapy in Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis Related Restricted Mouth Opening
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Multiple treatment approaches including surgical and non surgical therapies have been tried to improve restricted mouth opening in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF).AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy in improving mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility in patients with OSMF.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty eight OSMF patients were assigned into three groups by drawing chits. Group 1: patients receiving intralesional injections of dexamethasone and hyaluronidase; Group 2: patients receiving physiotherapy; Group 3: patients receiving both intralesional injections and physiotherapy. Mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility was assessed in all the patients before intervention and at different time intervals of 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks after treatment.RESULTS: Intragroup: In Group 2, the mean values of mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility were increased in time but were statistically insignificant. The mean values of mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility were markedly increased over a period of time in Group 3 and cheek flexibility was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.05).Intergroup: The mean differences of mouth opening, cheek flexibility and tongue protrusion was found to be maximum in group 3 and it was statistically significant (p=0.03) for tongue protrusion.CONCLUSION: Concurrent treatment with physiotherapy and intralesional injections was found to improve the mean mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility. Hence, physiotherapy can be used as an adjuvant treatment for OSMF as it is non invasive, more patient compliant and doesn’t require any financial resources
Effect of Glycaemic Control on Quality of Life(HRQoL) in Diabetes
No full textINTRODUCTION: Intensified glycaemic control is recommended in diabetes type 2 patients as it prevents or postpones chronic diabetic complications, but its effect on quality of life in the short and long term is still not clear.AIMS: To study effect of various anti diabetic treatment regimens on level of glycaemic control and Quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.MATERIALS AND METHOD: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 30-70 years of either gender on oral anti-diabetic therapy for at least 1 year were enrolled. After taking written informed consent, patients were interviewed according to a pre-validated questionnaire regarding quality of life and responses along with investigations and treatment given were noted in the performa. Data obtained was analysed using percentage, mean, standard deviation and unpaired t tests.RESULTS:A total of 48 patients were enrolled. Patients were assigned to one of the three groups depending on number of anti-diabetic drugs prescribed. Fasting blood sugar was better controlled in patients taking one anti diabetic drug. Overall Quality of life was better in patients on dual drug therapy while overall impression in comparison to first visit to OPD was significantly better in patients on triple drug therapy from monotherapy and dual drug regimen patients.CONCLUSION: Overall Quality of life was better in patients on dual drug therapy while overall impression in comparison to first visit to OPD was significantly better in patients on triple drug therapy from monotherapy and dual drug regimen patients
Role of Laser Biostimulation in Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinical Trial
Get PDFAIM: To evaluate the efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF).MATERIAL & METHODS: 20 patients with a clinical diagnosis of OSMF were included in the study after informed consents and measurements of mouth opening (mm) and burning sensation (VAS) were made at day 0. Laser biostimulation was performed on right and left cheeks in anterior and posterior bands for 3 cycles of 10 seconds each. They were recalled for follow-up measurements and Laser biostimulation at 3rd, 7th and 15th day. The paired t-test was applied for analysing significant differences, if any, using SPSS version 21.0.RESULTS: In the follow up recordings, generally, there was an increase in mouth opening after LLLT therapy and a significant difference was seen in males(p=.04) as well as the total population(p=0.02). Burning sensation(VAS Scale), on day zero was 5.5±1.20, which was reduced to 3.4±.084 on the 15th day with a significant difference seen in the entire study population(p=0.03).CONCLUSION: Biostimulation by Laser in the treatment of OSMF is a good non-invasive, painless and quick alternative treatment modality for the management of diseases
Functional and Esthetic Correction of Severe Localized Pregnancy-Induced Gingival Enlargement associated with Capillary Hemangioma
Get PDFGingival enlargement is a clinical condition that has been directly associated with specific local or systemic conditions. Pregnancy has been considered an attributing factor which increases the susceptibility to gingival enlargement. It is also considered as a risk factor for periodontitis because of its ability to allow proliferation of specific microorganisms and affect host immunological response. This paper presents a rare case report of capillary hemangioma on attached gingiva of anterior maxilla in an adult female which initiated when she was in her 10th week of gestation. After parturition, gingival enlargement further progressed and caused functional and aesthetic problem. Enlargement did not resolve even after non-surgical therapy; therefore, surgical excision of the entire enlargement was preformed. Histopathological examination revealed capillary hemangioma. No evidence of malignancy was seen. No recurrence was seen even after 2 years of follow-up
Viewpoints of Dental Practitioners regarding Choice of Root Canal Sealers in Nepal
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Apical and periapical repair is one of the ultimate goal of endodontic therapy. Main objective should be the formation of a fluid tight seal at the apical foramen, which provides a suitable environment i.e. biological condition for healing of the periapical tissue. For this many different materials are being used in root canal filling nowadays.AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of root canal sealers among 130 dental practitioners in Nepal.MATERIALS AND METHOD: The self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 130 dental practitioners in Nepal during the month of May 2017.RESULTS: Through this study it was observed that the choice of sealers is different for every dental practitioner. All of the study participants have given multiple responses, but it was seen that AH plus followed by ZOE was the most commonly used root canal sealers.CONCLUSION: One of the major objectives in root canal treatment is the three dimensional sealing of root canal space and it is important to have a root sealer that is commonly used with maximum results as seen with AH plus and ZOE
Ageing and Health– A Review
Get PDFDental care is vital to maintain natural teeth and enhance the quality of life for elderly people. Preserving good oral health starts early in life by developing healthy lifestyles, practicing appropriate self-care, and regularly using oral health services when available. The overall objective of dental therapy is to preserve dentition by preventing the progression of dental diseases. It should be integrated into overall health management of all geriatric patients and its maintenance is crucial to stability and functional health of the tissues. This review is intended to provide brief layout on diseases seen in older population, so as to render a professional service
Targeting Nicotine Addiction - The Possibility of a Healthier Future
Get PDFUse of tobacco accounts for the highest number of illnesses and deaths around the world. Even though many people are well acquainted with the ill effects of tobacco consumption, they get addicted to its use. This addiction owes to the nicotine dependence in smokers or people consuming tobacco. If allowed for adequate awareness, the counselling becomes the first line of treatment but very few people get convinced to quit this habit and thus agents such as nicotine replacement therapy come into play as a major factor in increasing the number of quit rates. The efficacy may depend on the route of NRT administration which may vary from nicotine gums, lozenges, sublingual tablets, inhalers etc. This review article discusses both the current use and future of NRT
Fabrication of Custom Made Ocular Prosthesis for Congenital Defect: A Case Report
Get PDFEyes are generally the first feature of the face to be noticed. An eye is an important feature of the facial expression, a vital organ and a symbol of beauty. Ocular prosthesis can be classified as stock shell eye, stock shell eye modified and custom-made prosthesis. A custom ocular prosthesis is a good treatment alternative when reconstruction of the defect by plastic surgery or the use of osseointegrated implants is not feasible or unaffordable. This case report highlights the same
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Three Different Storage Media in Maintaining the Viability of Periodontal Ligament Cells: An In Vitro Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Dental trauma is the most common injury which occurs in oro-facial region. Traumatic dental injuries are often seen among injuries to the face. Among them, tooth avulsion (0.5%-16%) is a complex traumatic injury characterized by the rupture of the neurovascular bundle and periodontal ligament (PDL) exposing the tooth to the outer environment. It occurs most often in the age group of 7-10 years, when the alveolar bone is resilient and offers minimal resistance to extrusive forces. Avulsion is a potential threat to the vitality of Periodontal ligament cells which are essential for the healing of replanted avulsed teeth. Hence management protocols should include management of the pulp and the periodontal ligament cells in the long-term survival and prognosis of avulsed teeth.2 The types of healing that takes place after the avulsion injury are as follows: 1.Favorable healing: a. Healing with a normal periodontal ligament (without root resorption) b. Healing with surface resorption (repair-related resorption) 2.Unfavorable healing: a. Healing with ankylosis (replacement). b. Healing with inflammatory resorption (infection related resorption).3 Two of the most critical factors affecting the prognosis of an avulsed tooth after replantation are extra oral dry time and the storage medium in which the tooth is placed.4As replantation of avulsed teeth occurs more frequently between 1 and 4 hours after avulsion, degeneration of cemental periodontal ligament fibers is a common event and the presence of necrotic Periodontal ligament remnants on root surface stimulates the occurrence of inflammatory root resorption, which is the major cause of loss of replanted teeth.5Secondly, storage or transport medium to support cell viability is more important than the extra oral Introduction: An ideal storage medium should be one that is capable of preserving the viability, mitogenicity and clonogenic capacity of the damaged Periodontal ligament cells to facilitate proliferation of these cells over the denuded root surface, thereby preventing further root resorption.Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate as a storage media for avulsed tooth in maintaining periodontal ligament cell viability in comparison with Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution and Oral Rehydration Solution.Materials and Methods: Forty freshly extracted human premolar teeth with normal periodontium and closed apices were taken. Forty teeth were randomly assigned into five experimental groups. It was then incubated for 30 minutes in falcon tubes with 2.5 ml solution of 0.2 mg/ml of collagenase II and 2.4 mg/ml solution of dispase grade II in phosphate buffered saline. After incubation, 50 μl of fetal bovine serum was added to each tube with the help of micropipette. Cells were labelled with 0.4% trypan blue for determination of viability. The number of viable cells in a grid of Neubauer’s chamber were counted under a light microscope at 40X magnification.Results: Results were analysed using Kruskul-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test.Conclusion: GC Tooth Mousse, Hanks balanced salt solution and Oral rehydration solution can be used as storage medium. GC Tooth Mousse is better than Hanks balanced salt solution and Oral rehydration solution as a storage medium