International Healthcare Research Journal (IHRJ)
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Travel Guidelines, Isolation and Quarantine in Travel
No full textIn this day and age, travelling is an essential part of humankind. However, Covid-19 is not over yet and travelling continues to be risky. Hence, World Health Organisation and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issue guidelines which everyone must follow during travel. From installation of hand sanitizers to wearing masks by everyone, Covid-19 has changed the world of travel
Assessing the Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation among School Children in a North Indian District
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is a dental condition which affects the first permanent molars ranging from white opacities to complete breakdown on the teeth and is considered as a matter of global concern. AIM: To assess the prevalence of MIH in school children aged 8-12 years in District Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, India. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted by examining 793 school children aged 8-12 years in various schools. ental examinations were conducted by four standardized examiners and four recording assistants who entered data in a pre-tested and pre-validated proforma. MIH was clinically identified by the ten-point scoring criteria given by European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2011. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 and the student’s t-test and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Out of 793 children, 186 were diagnosed with MIH (23.5%) with its prevalence reported to be more in boys (102, 54.8%) in comparison to girls (84, 45.2%). The most commonly affected tooth was the mandibular left first permanent molar (22.4%). There was a statistically significant difference reported between gender (p=0.03) and maxillary and mandibular molars (p=0.02), whereas there was no significant difference among MIH involvement on the site (right and left). CONCLUSION: As per the data suggested by the present study, it is important that students be screened regularly for the same so that they can be provided early and prompt treatment. 
Demographic and Clinical Profile of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Retrospective Study
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder which is irreversible in nature and has high morbidity and high malignant transformation rate and hence demands focus on prevention of the disease at population and individual level. AIMS: Assessment of risk factors and the role of habit variables such as duration and frequency in the severity of OSMF and to ascertain the association of gender predilection for different habits and severity of OSMF. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This descriptive retrospective study of 1801 OSMF patients was carried out at the Dental hospital in the rural population of Gwalior region. The clinicodemographic data including details of habits was collected for a period of 5 years, from January 2016 to December 2021. Collected data was analysed using Systat version 12 software. RESULTS: The average age of the patient in the study was 32.8 years, with 16.5:1 M:F ratio. Significantly higher proportions of females (69.6%) were illiterate and belonged to low socioeconomic status. There was a statistically significant increase for areca nut chewing (OR=0.135(0.054-0.342), P < 0.0001), gutkha chewing (OR=22.32(10.421-47.817), P < 0.0001), tobacco chewing (OR= 0.111(0.04-0.308), p<0.0001), smoking habits (OR=30.791(7.472-126.89), P < 0.0001) and alcohol (OR=12.692(3.077-52.347, p < 0.0001) in males when compared with females. The maximum patients were seen in stage II (37%) and stage III (34%), followed by stage I (18.73%) and stage IV (10.3%) and the severity of OSMF was more in subjects who had the habits for longer duration. CONCLUSION: There was a definite gender predilection for various habits and their variables (frequency, duration), educational and socioeconomic status, clinical features and disease severity. Significant correlation was also found between habit variables (duration, frequency) and severity of the disease
Impact of Covid-19 on Mental Health
Full text linkA pandemic affects people and society and creates disruption, anxiety, tension, embarrassment, and xenophobia. Provincial lockdowns were necessary due to the SARS CoV2's rapid human-to-human transmission to stop the disease's further spread. However, it is undeniable that the restrictive restrictions have had an impact on people's social and emotional wellness in all circumstances. Children may experience stress, difficulty, social disengagement, and an unfavourable environment that may have short- or long-term effects on their mental health. Specialists, medical professionals, and paramedics working as a front-line force to combat the COVID-19 incident may be more susceptible to nurture psychological health indications. Knowing how the COVID-19 episode affected various populations' emotional health is almost as important as knowing its clinical highlights, transmission scenarios, and executives. Public awareness campaigns that concentrate on the maintenance of psychological wellbeing in the larger context are urgently needed
Attitudes, Perception and Barriers towards Research in Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy Undergraduate Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: A constantly growing knowledge base is the fundamental requirement for any profession to survive in the ever-changing demands of the healthcare community. Early exposure to research and related activities is quintessential to developing a knack for research. AIM: To determine the attitudes, perspectives and barriers to research in Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy in undergraduate students. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A survey-based study design was opted to carry out this research. An online survey was circulated among 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th year students and interns of various physiotherapy and occupational therapy colleges in India. A Likert type scale and percentage analysis was used to infer results. RESULT: A total of 145 responses were received where students from all the years participated equally. Although most students had a positive attitude towards research, they had not been involved in any research activity. The students found research relevant to their lives, however, they felt conducting research is a challenging undertaking. Despite their desire to do research and their belief that there is a demand for researchers in the allied health field, the students were unable to participate in research due to a variety of hurdles identified in the study. The challenges identified, from major to minor were universities prioritising education over research, a lack of enthusiasm for research, a lack of funding at universities, poor infrastructure, a lack of supervisors, insufficient training, and lastly a lack of interest and good proposals. CONCLUSION: The majority of students believed that research is valuable to their future careers. They had an optimistic outlook towards research. It identifies the major impediment, which is universities' lack of emphasis on research activity at the undergraduate level among other typical roadblocks must be overcome to ensure a desirable outcome
Knowledge and Attitude about Radiation Effects on Pregnant Women among Medical Students
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Radiation and safety aspects while during pregnancy are always a matter of concern. It is required for medical students to learn about the various effects of radiology as ionizing radiation are carrying strong biological effects on pregnant females. AIM: To assess the awareness level among medical students regarding radiation risks for pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This Questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted among 250 medical students in one medical institute in India. Questionnaire consisted of knowledge and attitude related questions regarding effects of radiation on pregnancy and collected data was analyzed by using SPSS and descriptive statistics and chi square test was used for further analysis. RESULTS: In the present study, MBBS students were 60 (24%) and BDS were 190 (76%). 100% MBBS students reported that X-rays are destructive to pregnant females in comparison to only 90% BDS students (p=0.01). Both 75% MBBS and 70% BDS students “strongly agreed” to the fact that “Education and training programmes should be conducted for increased awareness among medical professionals regarding the radiation effects in pregnant females (non-significant). CONCLUSION: Although medical students were aware about radiology and pregnancy related effects but still there is room for improvement
Complications of Third Molar Extraction done by BDS Interns under Supervision in a Dental College in Central India
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Third molar is the most commonly observed impacted tooth in the oral cavity, with a higher prevalence among mandibular teeth. AIM: To assess the Complications of Third Molar Extraction done by BDS Interns under Supervision in a Dental College in Central India. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of three years. BDS interns between the years 2016-2018 posted in the department of oral surgery were observed while doing third molar extractions under supervision. All patients underwent standard surgical protocol. Routine follow-up was done after one week and suture was removed. Complications, if any were noted down by the faculty and appropriate management of the same was done by the OPD incharge. Patients not available for follow up were excluded from the analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. and the student’s independent samples t-test was applied to find out associations between the complications. RESULTS: A total of 1368 patients were included and a total of 2369 third molars were extracted with a majority of the teeth being in the mandibular region (69.8%). Males (62.5%) formed a majority of the population. The most common intra-operative complication was Swelling/pain/ trismus (36.8%) followed by dry socket (14.9%). Whereas the most common intra-operative complication was soft tissue injury (1.9%) followed by bleeding at the extraction site (1.8%). Both soft tissue injury (p=0.02) and swelling/pain/trismus (p=0.03) were found to be significant. CONCLUSION: The low percentages of intra-operative and post-operative complications among interns indicate adherence to proper exodontia protocols
Hepatitis and Its Association with Dentists on World Hepatitis Day
Full text linkShort Commentary titled "Hepatitis and Its Association with Dentists on World Hepatitis Day
Laser Assisted Root Canal Treatment: A Review
Full text linkComplexity of root canal system leads to failure of endodontic therapy so to address this issue lasers have been investigated as an adjunctive. Lasers has been used in direct irradiation of root canal or adjunct to irrigants placed into the canals. Laser assisted root canal therapy has more benefits than traditional root canal therapy. It ensures complete sterilization of root canal