International Healthcare Research Journal (IHRJ)
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Interactions Between Anti-Epileptic Drugs and Contraceptives: A Review
Full text linkAround half of the pregnancies in women with epilepsy are unplanned and the choice of contraceptive method in epileptic women is important, since it requires considering their possible pharmacological interactions with certain types of anti-epileptic drugs. Drugs from this class which induce hepatic enzyme activity may alter the metabolism of most hormonal methods of contraception, and this may affect their contraceptive efficacy. Hormonal contraception is regarded as highly effective, but its interaction with anti-epileptics may accelerate the metabolism of the latter with the consequent risk of failure, reduction of plasma concentration predisposing to seizures, risk of unwanted pregnancies, abortions, teratogenicity, maternal or fetal complications and difficulty in the management of epilepsy during pregnancy. In case of prescribing both medications, the combined use with a barrier method should be considered. Family planning counseling at the first visit has been shown to influence the choice of the contraceptive method. In conclusion, the different therapeutic options should be analyzed together with the epileptic patients in order to achieve and optimize the best goal for each one This article reviews these issues and offers practical recommendations for the management of contraception in epileptic patients
Complications, Indication and Tolerance of Foam Sclerotherapy in Varicose Vein Management Done in A Tertiary Care Centre in South India
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Foam sclerotherapy is used for treating varicose veins in our institution for patients who are not willing for surgery, debilitated patients, recurrent ulcers, cosmetic & in SFV (Sapheno Femoral Vein) <6 mm size. AIM: The aim of this study was to find and assess the rate and pattern of post–sclerotherapy complications in our institution compared with international standards. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The present study was retrospective in nature and case records of patients who underwent foam sclerotherapy [2009-2013, lower limb-Ultrasound (USG) guided and blind] in our hospital [10% Sodiumtetradecylsulfate (STS), Tessari technique] were assessed to look for indication, tolerance to the procedure and immediate outcomes. A pre-tested and pre-validated questionnaire was used and physical examination were done to assess post-procedural complications. Statistical significance was p< 0.05. RESULTS: Among 112 patients, 62.5 % were aged >50 years and 69% were males. It was observed that 22% had indication as recurrence; 43% had mild pain during procedure and 36.6% developed post-foam sclerotherapy complications. 47.6% of patients whose age were <50 years had CEAP(Clinical Etiological Anatomical Pathological) criteria C2(p=0.007). 48.8% with complications had multiple criteria(p=0.012) and 57.7% C2 had least complication (p=0.000). Cosmetic indication showed least tolerance. Use of 10% STS was found to have lesser complication rate (36%), compared to study which had 76% success with STS 3% and complication-64%. CONCLUSION: Foam sclerotherapy is less invasive and its efficacy could be improved by performing under USG guidance, selection of sclerosant, appropriate candidate (age>50 years, multiple CEAP criteria, without pre-existing co-morbidities)
Intentional Replantation: A Last Resort for Treatment of Periodontally Hopeless Teeth
Full text linkPeriodontal disease is an inflammatory response to the bacterial biofilm which leads to inflammation of periodontal structures and further results in loss of attachment and bone loss which in severe cases leads to mobility of teeth, eventually may cause exfoliation of teeth. Treatment option for excessive mobile teeth is extraction and replacement can be carried out with fixed partial denture or implant placement. In patients with financial constraints and also the patients in whom the fixed partial denture is contraindicated, intentional replantation of periodontally hopeless teeth is an alternative treatment modality. It’s a procedure of purposely removing a tooth and replacing it in a more apical position. Thus, this procedure of intentional replantation can be considered as an alternative treatment modality rather than extraction of periodontally hopeless teeth
Complete Issue: Volume 4, Issue 11 (February 2021)
No full textComplete Issue: Volume 4, Issue 11 (February 2021
Effect of Air Pollution on the Occurrences and Death of COVID-19
Full text linkAir contamination continues to be the leading environmental risk factor for all causes of death, leading to substantial years of lives and economic decline adapted to incapacity increased deaths in air pollution in past pandemics, in 1918, Spanish Flu and in 2003 with SARS-CoV-1. The host susceptibility and respiratory virulence are increased and viral clearance is decreased. Therefore, there is a question about the effect of air contamination on the current 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). History and research have until now been concerned with the huge potential consequences of the COVID-19 air pollution pandemic. In order to validate this correlation, more epidemiological and environmental research is necessary. Moreover, countries must leverage air emissions reduction funds to benefit their wellbeing and enhance their possible impact on future pandemics
Customized Attachment for Cheek Plumper: A Case Report
Full text linkThe goals of replacement of teeth with a complete denture are not limited to only providing the patient with the ability to chew food comfortably. Due to the increasing demands and consciousness of the patients regarding esthetics, prosthodontist must emphasize on not just the function but also overall appearance of the patients. The loss of support of the facial musculature is of great concern in treating completely edentulous patients. Sunken cheeks are one of the major consequences of flaccid facial musculature. The incorporation of cheek plumpers in the dentures has improved the appearance of patients with such conditions. They are noninvasive and straightforward to fabricate. Various attachments may be used for this purpose depending upon the case present. This case report involves 2 cases with different techniques for the attachment of detachable cheek plumpers
Homoeopathy for COVID-19: A Public Health Emergency
Full text linkGuest Comment by Dr. Kanagavalli Mathivathanan, M.D. (Homeopathy), Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Maharshi Menhi Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Katihar, Bihar, India.  
Comparative Analysis of Different Flavonoids on the Immediate Shear Bond Strength of Bleached Enamel Surface: An ex-vivo Study
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Bleaching, although considered as the first choice of treatment for discoloured teeth, can be utilized in conjunction with composite resin bonding or veneering and porcelain laminate veneers, to provide a more esthetic result. AIM: The aim of the ex-vivo study is to obtain a comparative analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of antioxidants on the immediate composite bond strength on bleached enamel surface.MATERIALS AND METHOD: Freshly extracted human permanent maxillary central incisors were selected and prepared for the respective study. All the specimens then were randomly divided into two control groups and three experimental groups, each group consisting of 20 specimens each. Among these were three experimental groups 10% Sodium Ascorbate, 5% Grape Seed extracts (Proanthocyanidin, PA) & 10% Green tea extracts (catechins and epigallocatechin gallate, CA and EG) and two control groups (Positive control & Negative control).RESULTS: When compared to Group 1 (positive control, 26.24 ± 0.90 MPa ), Group 3 (5%Grape seed extract; 32.17 ± 1.52 MPa), Group 4 (10% Sodium Ascorbate; 28.91 ±1.50 MPa ) and Group 5 (5% Green tea extract; 24.10 ± 1.21MPa ) showed significantly higher shear bond strength values.CONCLUSION: The present study indicated that the shear bond strength of the antioxidant group (Group3) is higher than all three experimental groups. In addition, the shear bond strength of the bleached group (Group 2) is significantly lower than all the other groups. This implies that immediate use of antioxidants, contributes in reversal the bond strength of bleached enamel
Reducing “Screen-Time” and Promoting Self Care Activities among Overweight and Obese Pre-Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Pediatric obesity has been considered as one of the most serious public health challenges in the world. AIM: To reduce “Screen-time” and promoting self care activities among overweight and obese pre-adolescents (aged 10-12 years) in India through proper intervention measures. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Designed as a two-armed randomized controlled trial, 537 pre-adolescents aged 10-12 years were enrolled in this online study. Data was collected through a questionnaire (containing close-ended 26 questions). Pre- adolescents, whose BMI was classified as “overweight” and “obese” were enrolled and randomly assigned (flip of coin) to the intervention group and control group. The intervention group were then given monthly online one-on-one sessions (to maintain confidentiality) by five standardized instructors. The study lasted for four months and a total of four individual sessions were provided to each child in the intervention group. Data was transferred into Excel for descriptive statistics, and analysed using SPSS version 22.0 using the paired t-test and multi variate logistic regression was applied keeping the significance value of p as 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 537 pre- adolescents met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 270(50.3%) belonged to the intervention group and 267 (49.7%) belonged to the control group. Majority of the pre- adolescents were males (59.4%). In the intervention group, there were 61.8% overweight pre-adolescents, which reduced to 42.9%, while in the control group, there were 89.5% overweight pre-adolescents, which reduced 9.8% and the difference between both the groups was observed to be significant (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Techniques used in the intervention group led to positive outcomes like weight loss and reduced screen time among the pre-adolescents which in turn, helped reduce the global burden of disease
Mucormycosis: An Epidemic Associated with Pandemic- A Systematic Review
Full text linkDifferent infections have been presenting danger to mankind every once in a while and in 2019 a serious respiratory illness (COVID-19) reported in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, became a threat to general wellbeing not only in China but all the nations throughout the world. COVID-19 disease which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is found to be associated with a wide range of opportunistic fungal and bacterial infections. Candidial and aspergillus infections leading to mucormycosis and orbital compartment syndrome have been reported to be the main co-infections in COVID-19 patients, which must be recognized and treated promptly to avoid any morbidity and mortality. Low oxygen environment, acidic medium, high glucose, decreased phagocytic activity and increased ferritin levels in addition to prolonged hospitalization with or without mechanical ventilators are considered as the main risk factors. Thus, the main aim of the article is to briefly survey and discuss about the types, causes, methods to prevent and treatment modalities of main co-morbidity of COVID 19 i.e. mucormycosis