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A006: The Relationship Between Physical Activity Patterns and Physical Fitness in the Elderly
No full textThe study aims to categorize physical activity patterns in the elderly and investigate the relationship between these patterns and physical fitness. Method: We included in our study 95 older adults (37 males,57 females; Mage=71.01years) from three communities in Beijing, without missing data on both physical fitness and quality of life. The inclusion criteria: (1) age ≥ 60 years old, (2) residence in the local community for more than 5 years, and exclusion criteria: Those who have been unable to perform relevant physical activities within the last month due to illness or other reasons. The characteristics of the study population were investigated by self-designed questionnaires. Grip strength, body flexibility, and balance were tested with reference to the requirements of the National Physical Fitness Monitoring Operation Manual. Physical activities were assessed using the Physical Activity Survey for the elderly (PASE). Physical activity characteristics of the sample cases were identified using systematic clustering to obtain the physical activity patterns of the study subjects, and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the relationship between physical fitness and physical activity patterns Two physical activity patterns of the study subjects were identified, namely: low physical activity level pattern and leisure-chore activity patternhe [sic] total PASE score, total physical activity time, leisure physical activity time, and chore-based physical activity time of the older adults subordinated to the leisure-chore activity pattern were higher than those of the low physical activity level pattern (P \u3c 0.05). There was no linear correlation between physical activity patterns and strength qualities and physical flexibility; there was a positive correlation between balance and leisure-chore activity patterns in older adults (β=0.250, P \u3c 0.05). Two patterns of physical activity were identified among community-dwelling older adults in Beijing: a low physical activity level pattern and a leisure-chore activity pattern. Older adults who belonged to the leisure-chore activity had better balance than those in the low physical activity level patterns
A054: Exploring Physical Education Teachers\u27 Critical Health Literacy Structure and Assessment Tool Development
No full textUnder China\u27s “Healthy China 2030” strategy and ongoing reforms in school physical education (PE), strengthening PE teachers\u27 critical health literacy (CHL)—their ability to critically evaluate health information, make evidence-based decisions, and promote community health—has become essential. Although CHL holds both theoretical and practical significance, its structural dimensions among PE teachers remain insufficiently studied. This study systematically analyzes the theoretical framework of CHL and develops a validated assessment tool adapted to China\u27s educational context. Method: A mixed-methods approach was adopted. First, over 200 CHL-related articles from CNKI, ProQuest, and other databases were analyzed to construct a preliminary framework. Second, 40 PE teachers, representing K-12, tertiary, and pre-service cohorts, participated in semi-structured interviews, including 14 individual and 26 group sessions. Transcripts were analyzed using grounded theory in NVivo14. Through open coding, 55 initial concepts (e.g., “health information evaluation”) were identified. These were then grouped into three core dimensions—health information management, decision-making execution, and health consciousness cultivation—via axial coding and ultimately refined into a three-dimensional model through selective coding. Third, a 27-item scale was iteratively developed. A pilot survey involving 100 teachers initially screened 46 items using CVR (CR \u3e 0.4). The scale was further refined via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n=250), identifying three factors that explained 79.46% of the variance (α=0.973), and subsequently validated through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n=304, χ²/df=2.334, RMSEA=0.066). The CHL model consist of three dimensions: (1) Health Information Mastery (8 items, focusing on acquiring and evaluating health data), (2) Health Decision Execution (11 items, covering need identification, intervention design, and pedagogical optimization), and (3) Health Consciousness Cultivation (8 items, including role modeling, behavioral guidance, and collaborative advocacy). The finalized 27-item scale exhibited strong psychometric properties, including high internal consistency (α=0.973) and satisfactory model fit indices. This study advances CHL theory by incorporating both pedagogical and professional development dimensions, distinguishing it from previous frameworks that primarily emphasize individual health literacy. The validated tool addresses the lack of standardized PE teacher assessments, allowing for continuous monitoring of CHL development. This study\u27s limitations include regional sampling bias and the use of cross-sectional data. Future research should enhance geographic diversity and adopt longitudinal designs to assess CHL’s influence on curriculum outcomes. In practice, the scale facilitates policy-driven teacher training and ensures quality assurance in health education, aligning with China’s modernization agenda
A199: Feasibility of 2D Video-Based Gait Analysis Using Openpose in Children with Intellectual Disabilities
No full textGait analysis plays a crucial role in evaluating motor function in children with intellectual disabilities. Traditional gait measurement methods, such as the Zeno electronic walkway, provide high-precision data but are costly and have limited accessibility. Recently, 2D video-based gait analysis using computer vision techniques like OpenPose has emerged as a low-cost alternative. This study aims to assess the feasibility of using OpenPose for gait analysis by comparing its extracted parameters with those obtained from the Zeno walkway. Method: A total of 33 children with intellectual disabilities participated in this study. Following a practice session, each child completed three gait trials on the Zeno electronic walkway. To ensure consistency in gait patterns, the most stable trial was selected for analysis. The video recording of this specific trial was used to extract gait parameters with OpenPose, ensuring direct comparability between the two methods. The extracted parameters included step time, stance time, swing time, double support time, step length, and gait speed. A paired-sample t-test was conducted to compare the gait parameters obtained from both methods, while correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the level of agreement between the two measurement techniques. The paired-sample t-test showed no significant differences (p \u3e 0.05) between gait parameters extracted using OpenPose and those measured by the Zeno walkway. Additionally, correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between the parameters obtained from both methods, indicating strong agreement. These findings suggest that OpenPose can serve as a reliable alternative to electronic walkways for gait analysis in children with intellectual disabilities. The findings support the feasibility of OpenPose as a cost-effective tool for gait analysis, potentially replacing electronic walkways in certain contexts. However, its accuracy may be influenced by factors such as camera angle, individual posture variations, and lighting conditions. Future research should focus on optimizing tracking algorithms and validating the method under different movement conditions. This study contributes to the advancement of gait analysis technology, improving the accessibility and efficiency of motor function assessments in children with intellectual disabilities
A195: Effects of Increased Longitudinal Bending Stiffness on Running Economy and Biomechanics: A Meta–Analysis
No full textThis study was designed to explore the impacts of increased longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) on running economy (RE) and running biomechanics. A systematic search across four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCO Host, Scopus) was performed on 1 March 2025. Twenty-three studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Stata 18 was used for statistical analysis of the included indicators, including Ankle peak moment (APM), metatarsophalangeal range of motion (MTP ROM), and contact time. Subgroup analyses were carried out to evaluate the potential impacts of moderator variables (Runner level and Gradient of LBS) on the main outcome variable. Compared to non-increased LBS, increased LBS enhanced RE (SMD =-0.28 [95% CI -0.39, -0.17], Z = -5.112, p \u3c 0.001). Significant increases in APM (SMD = 0.23,95% CI[ 0.08, 0.53], Z = 2.84, p = 0.003), MTP ROM (SMD = 0.33,95% CI[ 0.15, 0.41], Z = 2.54, p = 0.002), and contact time (SMD = -0.17,95% CI[0.09, 0.35], Z =-2.32, p = 0.02) were observed when LBS was increased. In subgroup analyses, elite runners showed a significantly greater improvement in RE (VO2 reduction of 4.2%) than recreational runners (1.5%). RE was significantly improved (VO₂ reduction of ≥ 3%) only when LBS was ≥ 8 Nm/rad, while no significant difference was found between the low LBS group (≤ 5 Nm/rad) and the control group. Conclusions/Discussion: Increased LBS has a positive impact on RE and certain aspects of running biomechanics. The extent of improvement in RE may be influenced by factors such as the runner\u27s level and the gradient of LBS. Future research is needed to explore the optimal levels of LBS for different types of runners and running conditions to enhance running performance
A246: Epidemiological Characteristics of Injury Among Chinese Rowing Athletes
No full textTo develop a prevention program for rowing-related injuries, it is crucial to study the epidemiological characteristics of injury among Chinese rowing athletes. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and incidence of injuries among Chinese rowing athletes aged 12-24. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 207 rowing athletes using a rowing-specific questionnaire. The questionnaire survey asked for basic parameters, including sex, age, height, weight, rowing experience, training hours per day, training days per week, warm-up, and injuries associated with rowing over the past year. Injury rates per 1000 training hours and per 1000 training sessions were calculated. A total of 131 injuries were reported. The overall injury was 38.2% (male: 31.3%, female: 55.0%). The lower back was the most commonly injured site, accounting for 39.7%, followed by the knee (20.6%) and the shoulder (9.9%). Injury rate per 1000 training hours and per 1000 training sessions were 0.46 (95% CI: 0.38-0.54) and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.79-2.53), respectively. Among male rowing athletes, the injury rate per 1,000 hours was 0.35 injuries (95% CI: 0.239-0.461) for the ≤18 years group and 0.41 cases (95% CI: 0.26-0.55) for the \u3e18 years group. The injury rate per 1,000 sessions was 1.43 injuries (95% CI: 0.98-1.89) for the ≤18 years group and 2.48 injuries (95% CI: 1.61-3.35) for the \u3e18 years group. Among female rowing athletes, the injury rate per 1,000 hours was 0.42 injuries (95% CI: 0.28-0.57) for the ≤18 years group and 1.37 injuries (95% CI: 0.87-1.86) for the \u3e18 years group. The injury rate per 1,000 sessions was 1.83 injuries (95% CI: 1.20-2.45) for the ≤18 years group and 7.85 injuries (95% CI: 4.99-10.70) for the \u3e18 years group. Conclusions/Discussion: Among Chinese rowing athletes, lower back injuries were the most common, followed by knee injuries. Female athletes, especially those over 18 years old, were more susceptible to rowing-related injuries. As a retrospective study, it relies on the accuracy of the information provided by the athletes, which introduces a source of recall bias; furthermore, the smaller sample size of females over 18 years of age may lead to an overestimation of injury incidence. Future research should conduct prospective studies, controlling the sample size to ensure that the number of participants in each group is approximately equal. These findings have the potential to help precisely target the most at-risk sites and the athletes most vulnerable to injury
A173: Effects of Lateral Resistance Lunge on Lower Limb Muscle Activation and Patellofemoral Joint Stress
No full textLunge exercises are often used in strengthening programs for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). However, limited data exist to evaluate the effects of lunge exercises with medial or lateral resistance on patellofemoral joint stress (PFJS) and lower limb muscle activation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of three lunge exercises (Traditional lunge, TL; Lunge with hip adduction resistance, LHAD; Lunge with hip abduction resistance, LHAB) on lower limb muscle activation and PFJS in patients with PFPS. Twenty patients with PFPS (16 males and 4 females, age: 20.6±3.8 years, weight: 72.1±8.5 kg, height: 174.8±7.8 cm) underwent assessment of three-dimensional lower extremity kinetics and electromyographic (EMG) data during the following exercises: TL, LHAD, and LHAB. A dynamometer was positioned at the distal third of the femur, a force equivalent to 10% of the participant\u27s body mass (kg) as medial or lateral external resistance during the LHAD and LHAB exercises. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in peak PFJS, mean root mean square (RMS) amplitude of gluteus medius (GMed_RMS), and co-activation ratio of VMO/VL during the squat and ascent phase of each lunge exercise. During the squatting phase, peak PFJS was significantly lower in LHAD (0.012±0.003 MPa/Kg) compared to TL (0.014±0.003 MPa/Kg; p = 0.008, η² = 0.227), with greater muscle activation of GMed_RMS in LHAD (11.08 ± 5.16 %MVC) than in TL (7.26 ± 4.08 %MVC) and LHAB (5.11 ± 2.86 %MVC; p ＜ 0.001, η² = 0.750). During the ascending phase, peak PFJS was significantly lower in LHAD (0.012 ± 0.003 MPa/Kg) than in LHAB (0.014 ± 0.002 MPa/Kg; p = 0.003, η² = 0.270), with greater muscle activation of GMed _RMS in LHAD (17.95 ± 7.55 %MVC) than in TL (13.09 ± 5.25 %MVC) and LHAB (10.35 ± 4.87 %MVC; p ＜ 0.001, η² = 0.606). Additionally, the VMO/VL co-activation ratio was significantly lower in LHAB (0.98 ± 0.047 %MVC) than in LHAD (1.98 ± 0.47 %MVC; p = 0.008, η² = 0.224). Conclusion: When selecting exercises to enhance the VMO/VL co-activation ratio and strengthen gluteus medius while minimizing patellofemoral joint stress, the lunge with hip abduction or adduction resistance should be prioritized over the traditional lunge
A135: 6-Week Intermittent Fasting and Aerobic Exercise: Effects on Body, Cardiovascular, and Sleep in Masked Obese Men
No full textMasked obesity (MO), defined by normal BMI with elevated body fat percentage, poses elevated health risks. This randomized trial compares combined intermittent fasting (IF) and aerobic exercise (AE) with single-modality interventions in young males, assessing body composition, cardiovascular function, and sleep quality to establish optimal evidence-based interventions. A total of 36 participants were randomized into three groups (n=12 each): (1) intermittent fasting combined with aerobic exercise (IF+AE), (2) IF-only, and (3) AE-only. Baseline assessments included body composition (weight, fat/lean mass, waist-to-hip ratio), cardiovascular markers (carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT], ejection fraction), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The IF+AE group alternated between two days of IF plus one day of AE weekly for the first 3 weeks, then reversed to two days of AE plus one day of IF weekly for the latter 3 weeks. The IF-only group followed a 6-week protocol with three non-consecutive fasting days weekly (20–25% daily caloric intake). The AE-only group performed 40–45 minutes of moderate treadmill walking (60–70% max heart rate) for 6 weeks. Statistical analysis used one-way ANOVA and t-tests P \u3c 0.05 significance threshold. All interventions maintained equivalent weekly intervention frequencies while differing in regimen composition. Body Composition: Normalization of MO: 33.3% (IF+AE), 16.7% (IF), and 16.7% (AE) of participants achieved normal body composition. Fat Mass and WHR: All groups showed significant reductions (P \u3c 0.05), with no between-group differences. Lean Mass: IF+AE exhibited a significant increase in lean mass (+0.33 kg, P \u3c 0.05) compared to IF (P \u3c 0.05), but not versus AE. Cardiovascular Function: Ejection Fraction: IF+AE (67.44±5.54% to 71.78±6.40%, P \u3c 0.05) and AE (63.29±8.36% to 67.14±9.55%, P \u3c 0.05) showed significant improvements, whereas IF exhibited no change. CIMT: No significant changes observed across groups. Sleep Quality (PSQI): IF+AE demonstrated superior outcomes in sleep latency and sleep continuity compared to IF (P \u3c 0.05), but no significant differences were observed between IF+AE and AE. The 6-week IF combined with moderate aerobic exercise (IF+AE) synergistically improved outcomes in young men with MO. IF+AE enhanced lean mass retention, ejection fraction, and sleep quality versus isolated IF, while achieving fat reduction comparable to AE alone. This combination optimized metabolic and cardiovascular benefits without lean mass loss, supporting its utility for obesity management. No significant CIMT changes were observed, indicating long-term vascular adaptation studies are needed
A289: Challenges and Strategies for PE Teachers in the AI Era
No full textIn the era of artificial intelligence (AI), physical education (PE) teachers face unprecedented challenges in integrating advanced technologies into their teaching practices. This study aims to identify the specific challenges PE teachers encounter in the AI era and propose practical strategies to enhance the quality and relevance of school-based physical education. This study employed a multi-method approach, including literature review, mathematical statistics, questionnaire surveys, and expert interviews. The participants were 120 PE teachers from urban and rural schools across different regions. The study began with a literature review to establish a theoretical foundation. Questionnaires were used to gather teachers\u27 perceptions of challenges related to AI integration, student engagement, and professional development. In-depth interviews with 25 PE experts provided deeper insights into their experiences and coping strategies. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that 80% of PE teachers reported difficulties in integrating AI tools into their lessons, while 70% struggled with engaging students in technology-enhanced activities. Analysis of the questionnaire and interview data revealed three main challenges: (1) limited access to AI resources, (2) lack of training in AI applications, and (3) concerns about the impact of AI on traditional teaching methods. Teachers emphasized the need for continuous professional development and support to effectively utilize AI in teaching. The study concludes that PE teachers face significant challenges in adapting to the AI-driven educational environment, particularly in integrating AI tools and maintaining student engagement. These findings align with previous research on educational technology integration but highlight the unique concerns of PE teachers regarding the impact of AI on traditional teaching. This study proposes the following strategies: (1) increasing investment in AI tools and establishing resource-sharing platforms to improve access to AI resources; (2) providing continuous professional training in AI applications and integrating AI education into teacher development programs; (3) offering technical support for AI integration and encouraging teachers to use AI tools to optimize traditional teaching methods
A096: Artificial Intelligence Empowering Physical Education in Higher Education: Logical Tensions and Practical Pathways
No full textDriven by the strategies of “education digitalization” and “integration of sports and education”, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is reshaping the core values and practical pathways of physical education in higher education. As AI empowers the construction of university sports systems, it has become a key driving force in addressing the challenges of traditional physical education and responding to educational needs. However, AI-driven educational innovation is not a linear evolution; the interplay of its internal logical tensions and external practical constraints necessitates systematic research and pathway exploration. Method: This study systematically explores the multidimensional tensions and coordinated development pathways of artificial intelligence technology in university physical education through literature analysis, case studies, and expert interviews. There are several tensions in the application of AI technology in physical education. First, a tension exists between the bounded nature of AI data and the broad objectives of physical education, as AI data models struggle to fully capture the diverse physical, psychological, and holistic development needs of students. Second, the openness of AI algorithms conflicts with the privacy requirements of physical education, as their transparency increases the risk of student data leakage. Third, there is a tension between the limitations of AI-based physical fitness assessment and the need for sports health and safety, as reliance on single-sensor data may lead to misjudgments. Fourth, AI’s lack of interactive emotional engagement contrasts with the need for humanistic care in physical education, as technological tools cannot replace the emotional connection between teachers and students. To address the above logical tensions, it is necessary to establish a multi-source dynamic data system, enhance the development of data security technologies, build an intelligent early warning system integrating motion tracking and medical collaboration, and balance the rationality of technological tools with the rationality of educational values. These measures will facilitate the deep integration of physical education, thereby promoting the multidimensional realization of its educational value
A107: Multidimensional Influencing Factors and Psychosocial Mechanisms of Eating Disorders in Female Athletes
No full textEating disorders (ED) are prevalent mental health conditions that significantly threaten the physical and psychological well-being of female athletes. The risk of ED is driven by the interplay of multiple factors, including sport-specific training environments, psychological vulnerabilities, and sociocultural pressures. Although existing research has identified several independent risk factors, a systematic understanding of the sport-related psychosocial mechanisms remains insufficient. This study aims to synthesize empirical evidence from the past five years to elucidate the multidimensional pathways of ED in female athletes, with a particular focus on intervention targets from a sport psychology perspective. A systematic literature review was conducted, retrieving English and Chinese articles published between 2017 and 2023 from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. A total of 30 empirical and review studies exploring the influencing factors of ED in female athletes were included. Thematic analysis was employed to extract key evidence across five dimensions: sports training environment, dietary behavior patterns, self-body-image perception, psychosocial mechanisms, and exposure to online media. 1) Sport Training Environment: Athletes in lean sports exhibit higher ED risks. Elite athletes face coach-driven body image pressures and competitive comparisons, while adolescents are more vulnerable due to sport-related pressures and low body image. 2) Dietary Behavior Patterns: Excessive pursuit of healthy eating or strict dietary restrictions exacerbate nutritional imbalances and self-punitive eating. Skipping meals and insufficient supplementation further increase risks. 3) Self-Body Image Perception: Over 25% of female athletes display irrational body dissatisfaction, particularly in aesthetic sports like ballet and gymnastics. 4) Psychosocial Mechanisms: Negative emotions and externally driven motivations (e.g., pleasing coaches, competitive goals) correlate with ED risk, while intrinsic motivation (e.g., self-enjoyment) protects high-intensity athletes. Exercise addiction indirectly triggers ED through motivational biases. 5) Online Media Exposure: Thin-idealized social media content heightens body comparison anxiety, with adolescents more prone to ED risk cycles due to frequent online interactions and reduced self-esteem. Eating disorders in female athletes result from the interaction between sport-related psychosocial mechanisms and environmental pressures. Recommendations include screening motivation types to enhance intrinsic motivation and emotional management, standardizing coach evaluations of body weight, restricting harmful body image promotion on social media, and developing integrated sport medicine and psychology prevention guidelines for aesthetic sports. Future research should validate sport psychology intervention tools and explore digital health information regulation pathways