26242 research outputs found
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A242: Study on Kindergarten Teachers\u27 Physical Education Competency Support from an Ecological Systems Perspective
No full textAs growing attention is paid to physical development and health literacy in kindergarten education, the demand for teachers’ competency in physical education (PE) continues to rise. However, existing research largely focuses on individual professional qualities, lacking a systematic view of the multiple ecological factors that shape teachers’ PE teaching. Drawing on ecological systems theory, this study aims to develop a support system encompassing personal, institutional, societal, and policy layers, investigating how these elements interact to influence teachers’ pedagogical practices and professional growth. Using a qualitative design, we conducted semi-structured interviews to collect data. Through purposive sampling, 12 in-service teachers from five kindergartens in Hangzhou were selected, ensuring diversity in location, institution type, and teaching experience. Interviews were held in the participants’ real work contexts, guided by open-ended questions about personal backgrounds, PE teaching practices, institutional support, and external resources and policies. Each interview was recorded and transcribed with consent, then coded and analyzed in stages by two researchers to identify core categories reflecting teachers’ needs for PE teaching competency support. Four main themes emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) teachers’ professional knowledge and beliefs are key to effective PE planning and implementation; (2) collaborative school-based research and peer support significantly foster teaching innovation and ongoing professional development; (3) external resources from communities and organizations, as well as policy and training support from educational authorities, enrich opportunities for teachers; and (4) at the macro level, social culture and parental attitudes shape teachers’ perspectives on early childhood PE. Findings indicate that enhancing kindergarten teachers’ PE teaching competency requires not only individual effort but also institutional, societal, and policy-driven support. Echoing existing literature on multidimensional influences in teacher development, this study further reveals how parental engagement and sociocultural climate can facilitate or hinder PE instruction. These insights offer valuable implications for designing multi-level support strategies for kindergarten administrators, teacher training providers, and policymakers. Given the limited sampling scope, future research should expand geographic and sociocultural contexts and incorporate quantitative measures for broader generalizability
A145: Professional Identity and Academic Burnout Among College Students Majoring in Physical Education: A Chain-Mediated Model
No full textAcademic burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion and reduced motivation, is prevalent among university students. However, research focusing on sports majors remains limited, particularly regarding subjective factors like professional identity, sports learning interest, and achievement motivation. This study aimed to examine the relationship between professional identity and academic burnout among sports majors, while exploring the mediating roles of sports learning interest and achievement motivation. The purpose was to establish a chain mediation model to inform interventions for reducing burnout in this specialized student population. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 605 Chinese sports majors. Valid data from 551 participants were analyzed using four validated scales: Professional Identity Scale, Sports Learning Interest Scale, Achievement Motivation Scale, and Academic Burnout Scale. Statistical analyses included correlation tests, regression models, and Bootstrap-mediated effect tests (via SPSS 27.0 and PROCESS v4.0). The chain mediation model tested pathways from professional identity to burnout through sports learning interest and achievement motivation. Professional identity negatively predicted academic burnout (β = -0.222, p \u3c 0.001) and positively correlated with sports learning interest (β = 0.671) and achievement motivation (β = 0.134). Both mediators burnout: sports learning interest (β = -0.177) and achievement motivation (β = -0.405). The chain mediation effect was significant (total indirect effect: 55.78%), with two key pathways: 1) Professional identity → Sports learning interest → Burnout (23.84% of total effect). 2) Professional identity → Sports learning interest → Achievement motivation → Burnout (21.24% of total effect). Direct effects of professional identity on burnout accounted for 44.22% of the total variance. Professional identity directly mitigates academic burnout in sports majors, while sports learning interest and achievement motivation fully mediate this relationship. Enhancing professional identity through tailored education and practical training can foster intrinsic motivation, thereby reducing burnout. Institutions should prioritize cultivating students’ sports-related interests and achievement-driven goals (e.g., via competitive activities and feedback mechanisms) to sustain engagement. This study underscores the interconnected roles of identity, interest, and motivation in addressing burnout, offering actionable strategies for educators and policymakers
A095: Blocking Factors and Precision Strategies of Digital-Driven Governance: Modernization of Elderly Sports Public Services
No full textThe application of digital technology in the field of sports public services for the elderly presents numerous problems and difficulties. This paper attempts to explore precision strategies for the governance modernization of sports public services for the elderly, driven by digital technology. Analyzing the blocking factors of governance capacity modernization of sports public services driven by digital technologypractical significance for achieving universal health and the construction of a Healthy China. Literature review, expert interviews, and logical analysis. 1. Blocking Factors of Digital-Driven Governance Modernization of Sports Public Services for the Elderly: 1) Weak awareness of digital governance in elderly sports public services. 2) Delayed development of digital infrastructure. 3) Inadequate digital governance for a collaborative governance pattern involving multiple subjects. 4) The digital divide and technical barriers are real shortcomings in the modernization of governance in elderly sports public services driven by digital technology. 5) Shortage of digital governance talents. 2. Precision Strategies for Digital-Driven Governance Modernization of Sports Public Services for the Elderly: 1) Concept: Improve the understanding and establish a digital governance concept. 2) Hardware: Improve digital infrastructure construction, especially in rural and remote areas. 3) Mechanism: Aim at full-domain dynamic governance and collaborative governance among multiple subjects and improve the system and regulatory framework for the governance of elderly sports public services driven by digital technology. 4) Technology: Based on convenience and benefit for the people, improve the unity of functional value and humanistic care of digital technology services for the elderly in sports, and promote the popularization, intelligence, precision, and greening of elderly sports public services. 5) Talent: Establish a sports digital talent cultivation system with Chinese characteristics and promote the speed of basic research and transformation of achievements. The modernization of governance in elderly sports public services driven by digital technology is a complex issue involving multiple factors and levels. It is necessary to improve the aspects of innovation, hardware improvement, mechanism optimization, technology renewal, and talent acceleration in the modernization process of governance in national fitness public services
A164: Motivational Cost in Physical Education: A 20-Year Review Through the Lens of Situated Expectancy-Value Theory
No full textSituated expectancy-value theory (SEVT) proposes that students’ motivation is shaped by their expectancy for success, the value attached to the task, and the associated costs. However, most existing research has overlooked the significant role of cost when examining students’ motivation in physical education (PE). Based on SEVT, the present study aims to provide a more holistic understanding of student motivation in PE by reviewing SEVT-based research conducted over the past 20 years. Method: Abstracts and topics related to, in conjunction with expectancy-value theory and SEVT, were searched. SEVT-based articles in PE published between 2004 and 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science. The study analyzed the measurement methods of cost, its components, and its role in PE motivation and learning. Of the 33 articles reviewed, only eight integrated cost. Two major approaches to measuring cost emerged: (1) the use of open-ended questions (e.g., “If there is anything that you do not like about PE, what is it and why?”) to identify relevant costs, and (2) the application of scales developed from classroom-based subjects. In addition, cost-related physical and social dimensions were identified, underscoring the domain-specific nature of cost in PE. The significant role of cost was supported by its influence on students’ decisions to continue participating in PE, their physical activity intensity, and their class engagement. Cost is a significant motivational construct that plays an important role in PE motivation. Based on the domain-specific motivational context, cost should be measured using a tailored scale that emphasizes the physical and social characteristics of PE. Future research should develop such a tailored cost scale and further examine the role of cost in SEVT to determine whether it should be measured independently
A212: Experimental Study on the KDL Physical Education Curriculum Promoting Preschoolers’ Gross Motor Development
No full textEarly childhood is a critical stage for the development of fundamental motor skills, with gross motor skills being the primary focus. Effective development of gross motor skills lays a foundation for learning complex movements during adolescence. Research confirmed that gross motor skills also directly affect Preschoolers’ perceptual, cognitive, and social adaptability development. This study explores the effectiveness of the KDL Physical Education and Health Curriculum in promoting gross motor skills development in preschoolers, aiming to enhance their overall health. From September to December 2024, 167 Preschoolers from primary, middle, and senior classes at Yijing Road Kindergarten in Chongqing Liangjiang New Area participated in the KDL Physical Education and Health Curriculum (Preschool Edition) for one semester. The TGMD-3 assessment was used to measure gross motor skill development prior to and post-intervention, with data analyzed using SPSS 21.0 for descriptive statistics and T-tests. Significant improvements were observed in movement skills among all age groups. Primary classes showed notable progress in horse stance, single-leg hop, and standing long jump (P \u3c 0.05). The middle classes demonstrated significant improvement in gallop, single-leg hop, and skip (P \u3c 0.05). Senior classes exhibited significant gains in run, gallop, single-leg hop, and slide (P \u3c 0.05). For manipulative skills, primary classes showed significant improvement in two-hand catch, stationary kick, overhand throw, and underhand toss (P \u3c 0.05). The middle classes improved significantly in stationary kick, overhand throw, and underhand toss (P \u3c 0.05). Senior classes demonstrated significant progress in six out of seven test items: two-hand strike, stationary dribble, two-hand catch, stationary kick, overhand throw, and underhand toss (P \u3c 0.05). The KDL Physical Education and Health Curriculum (Preschool Edition) effectively promotes gross motor skill development, with more significant improvements in movement skills than manipulative skills. However, variations in development across different age groups suggest the need for a comprehensive home-school-community approach. Providing children with more exercise opportunities and professional guidance through integrated interventions can further enhance gross motor skill development, laying a foundation for future fundamental and specialized sports skill acquisition
A255: Active Health-Oriented Digital Development of China\u27s National Fitness Events: Connotations, Challenges, and Pathways
No full textThe 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized building a Digital China and accelerating the digital economy. The 14th Five-Year Plan for Sports proposed constructing a digital sports project with four platforms and one center, drawing significant academic and industry attention to the digital development of mass fitness events. However, research on digital sports events remains limited, focusing mainly on broadcasting and technology applications. This study explores the challenges of high-quality development in digital mass fitness events and proposes pathways for digital enhancement. Using literature review, logical reasoning, and semi-structured interviews to define the concept of digital sports events and examine the practical challenges and development strategies for digital mass fitness events, aiming to provide recommendations for innovation in China’s sports sector. Digital national fitness events represent transformative integrations of sports competitions with digital economy principles, defined as: end-to-end digital transformation of athletic events, enhancing organizational efficiency, management efficacy, and spectator engagement through intelligent technologies. Four critical barriers emerge:1)Technological Barriers: An imbalance between digital and sports talent, with shortages and unresolved bottleneck technologies.2)Lack of Standards: No unified criteria for event access and operations, leading to implementation risks.3)Regulatory Lag: Hindered by the digital divide and information barriers, digital sports events lack scale and require improved regulations.4)Practical Limitations: Insufficient technology empowerment, limited sports scenarios, and venue constraints. To address these, the study proposes four strategies:1)Develop Digital + Sports Talent: Establish a government-enterprise-school collaboration mechanism to cultivate sports intelligent engineering courses.2)Create Event Standards: Define digital sports event characteristics and develop tiered organizational standards.3)Enhance Supervision: Develop organizational solutions for events of varying scales, focusing on competition rules and funding sources.4)Enrich Sports Scenarios: Reduce operational costs, secure funding through investment, and create high-quality digital and visualized events to strengthen the sports industry chain. Against the backdrop of an advancing digital economy, Digital China, and sports powerhouse construction, the integration of sports events has created a new field of digital sports. This study proposes four strategies for high-quality development, providing theoretical support and guidance for the widespread implementation of digital sports events in China
A134: The Investigation of Injuries Among Elite Pair Skaters: A Retrospective Survey
No full textFigure skating is a sport that combines art and athletic competition. Technical movements mainly include jumps and spins. Pair skating builds on this with some pair movements like lifts, throws, twist lifts, and death spirals. Firstly, due to the technical characteristics of pair skating, there are many overhead movements, and to be competitive, athletes have to constantly increase the difficulty, speed, and power of their performance, which leads to an increased risk of sports injuries. As a retrospective survey, 20 elite pair skaters (10 male and 10 female) voluntarily completed a study questionnaire about general demographic information, exercise habits, and injury history from January 1, 2024, to December 31, 2024. A total of 20 questionnaires were and 20 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 100 percent. Survey data on injuries in pairs skaters, as well as observational data, were summarized and analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and Excel. In this survey, the age of male skaters is 18.1±2.13 years, and training duration is 9.6±2.22 years. The age of female skaters is 13.8±2.15 years, and training duration is 6.6±1.90 years. The age difference between male skaters and female skaters is large. The time of injury was mainly in October (35%), September (20%), November (20%), and December (20%). Ranking of injury rate was ice training (100%), physical training (20%), specialized training on land (20%), warm-up exercise on land (5%). And the most common injury parts were the knee (50%), ankle (45%), groin (40%), and low back (35%). If it was categorized according to different genders, in male skaters, the most common injury parts were knee (50%), shoulder (40%), ankle (30%), groin (30%), low back (30%), and in female skaters, the most common injury parts were ankle (60%), knee (50%), groin (50%), low back (40%). The (55%). Conclusions/Discussion: Due to the specificity of skating movement technology, the injuries of male athletes and female athletes are different, but the lower limbs suffer more injuries. For different sports, it is important to develop injury prevention methods to minimize injury
A124: The Effects of Cognitively Challenging Sports Games on Balance in Children with ADHD
No full textTo investigate the intervention effect of cognitively challenging sports games on the balance ability of children. Forty-two children with ADHD aged 7-11 years (randomly divided into a test group n=20 and a control group n=22) and 20 healthy children were included in the study. The test group was exposed to a moderately intense cognitively challenging sports game for 8 weeks (2 times per week, 60 minutes each time), and the effects of the intervention were assessed by the closed-eye, one-legged standing test (static balance) and the stellate-stretching balance test (dynamic balance). After the intervention, the static balance of the test group improved significantly, and the time of standing on one foot with eyes closed increased from 9.98±4.26 seconds to 17.57±10.92 seconds before the intervention (t=3.12, Cohen\u27d=0.75), which was superior to that of the ADHD control group (P\u3c0.05); in the dynamic balance, the test group performed better in the non-dominant foot with 8 directions and the In dynamic balance, the test group\u27s reach in 6 directions of the non-dominant foot was significantly improved from baseline (Cohen\u27d=0.551.78) and outperformed the ADHD control group in 14 directions (P \u3c 0.05)There was no significant change in the ADHD control group and healthy group before and after the intervention. Cognitively challenging sports games can effectively improve the static and dynamic balance of ADHD children by strengthening prefrontal lobe regulation and sensory integration, providing a basis for clinical non-pharmacological intervention
A087: Assessment of Table Tennis Stroke Effectiveness Using the Artificial Intelligence Technology-Based Algorithm
No full textUsing Artificial intelligence to assist sports training is a hallmark of the information age. Table tennis, a popular sport in China and worldwide, can also benefit from the latest technological advancements in learning and training. Objective: This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of forehand strokes of different-level table tennis players using dynamic time-warping (DTW) algorithms in AI. Twenty-five beginner players (no prior Table Tennis experience, Male:22 Female:3, Age:18-28) and twenty-five intermediate players (At least 2 years of Table Tennis experience, Male:22 Female:3, Age:18-28) were recruited based on convenience sampling. After obtaining consent, they received 2 hours of basic training on the forehand stroke. Then, their hitting poses are recorded with the system for a 15-second video stream. A dynamic time-wrapping (DTW) algorithm was applied to recognize individual strokes and calculate the difference between the elbow angles of beginner players’ strokes and intermediate players’ strokes; the DTW value was the square of the difference between the two angles. At the same time, the recording is sent to two professional table tennis coaches to evaluate the hitting position with a composite score of 0-100, where 100 stands for most effective and 0 stands for least effective. And then compare their hitting poster with professional athletes. The evaluation criteria included good timing, speed, landing point, and movement rationalization. A study of 25 beginners and 25 intermediate table tennis players analyzed stroke effectiveness via two coach evaluations (0-100) and normalized DTW values. Coaches demonstrated high inter-rater reliability (beginners: p=0.48; intermediates: p=0.72) and significantly distinguished skill levels (p \u3c 0.001). Beginners exhibited higher DTW values (48.14±10.81 vs. 40.17±7.34, p=0.004) with a large Cohen’s d 0.86, indicating a substantial difference. These findings confirm DTW’s capacity to statistically differentiate skill levels, aligning with expert assessments. Thus, normalized DTW effectively correlates with human-evaluated stroke quality, validating its utility as an objective metric for distinguishing player proficiency. Discussion/Conclusion: With a dynamic time-wrapping algorithm, the system could differentiate beginner and intermediate players. One area for improvement lies in refining the DTW algorithm to account for a broader range of individual factors such as body height, arm span, and player-specific biomechanics. Also, the DTW score can potentially be used to rate performance in terms of a player’s posture, grip, swing mechanics, and other racket sports
A023: Physical Education and Health in Global Perspective: Policy Evolution, Cultural Integration, and Practice Innovation
No full textGlobalization and social change have made physical education, health, and physical activity essential to achieving global health objectives. Despite progress in policy design, cultural adaptation, and practice innovation, persistent challenges such as resource inequality, cultural misalignment, and limited efficacy hinder sustainable development. This study explores the evolution of policies, cultural integration, and reform practices in physical education and health, aiming to analyze shared global experiences and unique national approaches while identifying opportunities and challenges to support sustainable progress in the field. Method: This study combines literature analysis and case studies, examining policy documents, reports, and case examples from international organizations (e.g., the United Nations, WHO) and key countries (e.g., the U.S., U.K., China). Analysis focuses on four dimensions: 1) Policy: Trends and implementation outcomes of global physical education and health policies. 2) Culture: Integration and adaptation of physical activity in multicultural contexts. 3) Standards: Applicability and implementation of international and regional standards. 4) Reform: Impact of innovative practices on improving education and health outcomes. The findings indicate 1) Policy Evolution: Global policies are shifting toward health first, equity and inclusion, and sport for life principles. While many countries promote universal health strategies, policy implementation is uneven due to resource disparities and socio-cultural differences. 2) Cultural Integration: Physical education and sports exhibit distinct cultural characteristics. The U.S. emphasizes competition and individual achievement, the U.K. prioritizes social responsibility and gentlemanly conduct, and China focuses on traditional culture and community harmony. Globalization has facilitated cultural integration, but challenges such as cultural conflict and loss of local identity remain. 3) Standards and Assessment: WHO and other international organizations have set standards for health and physical activity with broad applicability, but challenges such as cultural misalignment and rigidity in assessment systems persist. Innovations in school-based physical education curriculum and health monitoring systems offer promising directions for standard optimization. 4) Reform and Innovation: Global best practices underscore the importance of interdisciplinary approaches, resource sharing, and technological support in enhancing physical education and health outcomes. Notable examples include Finland’s “interdisciplinary integration” model, Japan’s community sports initiatives, and Denmark’s “Active Schools” program, each offering valuable insights for global implementation. Sustainable development in physical education and health requires balancing global and local needs, with policy leadership, cultural adaptation, standard frameworks, and innovative practices as key drivers. This study provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for global and cross-national research in the field