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Can naïve chimpanzees use tools?
No full textAlgae scooping is a behaviour in which wild chimpanzees in Bossou (Guinea) use tools to feed on aquatic algae by scooping and wrapping algae round the stick. Algae scooping has been suggested to require social learning to develop due to its rarity across other chimpanzee sites in Africa and differences in techniques within the community of Bossou. Here we argue that algae scooping does not necessarily require social transmission to develop but instead is within the chimpanzee’s ‘Zone of Latent Solutions’: their cognitive repertoire
Deconstructing reconciliation: looking critically at peacebuilding practice in Bosnia Herzegovina
Get PDFAim: to look at how the term reconciliation is perceived and implemented by international, national and local agents involved in the construction of peace in Bosnia-Herzegovina
An attitude for gratitude: how gratitude is understood, experienced and valued by the British public: research report
No full textThe subject of gratitude has gained traction in recent years in academic and popular (eg, media) circles. However, limited attention has been devoted to understanding what laypeople understand by the concept of gratitude; the meaning of which tends to have been assumed in the literature. Furthermore, while intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits of gratitude have been extolled in this growing body of research, there has been little assessment of the value laypeople place on gratitude themselves, or whether and how they think it might be fostered.
Since September 2012, our Attitude for Gratitude research project has been engaged in examining precisely how gratitude is conceptualised by the British public, what British people are grateful for, the value they place on gratitude, what kinds of people tend to be grateful, and whether and how they think gratitude might be promoted in British society. The project has incorporated a variety of methods to examine these questions, conceptually and empirically, canvassing the opinions of over 10,000 people in the UK. A key issue for our research has been to represent the views of British people across a range of ages, ethnicities and backgrounds that are representative of Britain today. We are strongly committed to the view that researchers should engage with laypeople to avoid superimposing a meaning and value on gratitude that does not reflect the views of the people the research purports to study. To this end, and to throw light on what British laypeople understand by the concept of gratitude, we carried out a series of empirical studies that complement the definitions of philosophers and psychologists with more everyday definitions of laypeople5. To examine the perceived value of gratitude we surveyed British people directly, making no prior assumptions about where gratitude might be evaluated in relation to other values and virtues. Finally, we sought to elicit suggestions from the British public themselves about how gratitude might be fostered in British society.
Much recent research on gratitude has originated in the USA and therefore a further aim of the project was to assess the degree to which the understanding and evaluation of gratitude may differ between the USA and the UK. We sought to target the British public with these questions
BiSON - all sites - 1995 to 2014 - performance check
No full textData associated with this article:
Hale, S.J., et al.
Performance of the Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network (BiSON)
Solar Physics, 291 (1), pp 1-28
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-015-0810-0
The dataset consists of two files:
1. A FITS file containing data from the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) covering the period 1995 January 1 to 2014 December 31. These data were used to produce the figures in the "Whole Network Performance" section of the article.
2. A gzipped tar-archive containing the ASCII "control" metadata files that define the data availability per BiSON-site. These metadata were used to produce the figures in the "Site Performance" section of the article
Corporate Lawyers: values, institutional logics and ethics
No full textCorporate Scandals involving the misconduct of private practitioners and in-house lawyers appear increasingly prevalent - is the apparent flawed institutional logic the result of a shift in professional ethics and values
Conscious processing and cortico-cortical functional connectivity in golf putting
Get PDFThe Theory of Reinvestment argues that automated motor processes are disrupted when task-related declarative knowledge is used to control movement execution. Electroencephalographic (EEG) based high-alpha band (10-12 Hz) connectivity between the left temporal (verbal/analytic processing) area and the frontal (motor planning) area has been endorsed as a neurophysiological marker of the propensity for conscious processing of declarative knowledge during movement preparation. Our study investigated the utility of left temporal to frontal connectivity in characterizing optimal golf putting performance. Ten expert and ten novice right-handed male golfers putted 120 golf balls on a flat mat to a 2.4 m distant hole while the EEG was continuously recorded. Conscious processing was assessed by a putting-specific reinvestment scale. Functional connectivity in preparation to golf putts was computed as high-alpha inter site phase clustering (ISPC), and analyzed as a function of expertise (expert, novice), performance outcome (holed, missed) and psychological pressure (low, high). We found that left (but not right) temporal-frontal ISPC was lower in experts compared to novices (M experts = .39; M novices = .48). The experts also reported lower conscious processing compared to the novices (M experts = 2.80; M novices = 3.50). Furthermore, left temporal-frontal ISPC was higher in missed versus holed putts for experts (M holed= .37; M misses = .41) and novices (M holed = .44; M misses = .51). No pressure effect was revealed (M low = .42; M high = .45). Our findings suggest that experts engage in less conscious processing compared to novices, and, in line with the Theory of Reinvestment, suggest that errors in motor performance can be prompted by excessive conscious verbal/analytic interference with movement preparation and execution. Our study findings suggest that diminished communication between the left temporal (verbal/analytic) and the frontal (pre-motor) cortical areas during movement preparation and execution is a feature of skilled motor performance. This knowledge can now be used to design connectivity-based neurofeedback training protocols to expedite motor learning and improve motor skills
The Hannibal temperature controllers
No full textA temperature controller for Hannibal in Las Campanas
Library Map Lightboxes at the University of Birmingham
No full textWhen faced with the challenge of adding library maps to OvP at the University of Birmingham, the solution of employing Primo's existing lightbox design proved so convenient it was reused to add further functionality in other areas. The pros and cons of this approach are discussed with examples of both in-house and external developments
Response to 'Future Bar Training' Consultation
No full textDr Steven Vaughan sets out his personal response to Parts 1 and 4 of this year's Consultation by the Bar Standards Board
GMMA from genetically-engineered meningococcus as vaccine for Africa
Get PDFGram-negative bacteria naturally shed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Structural changes in bacterial outer membrane lead to GMMA, Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens: outer membrane vesicles to use as vaccine.
They are safe, cheap to produce, and can give broad protection against pathogens
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