Scientific Publishing Institute (SPI): E-Journals
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Transforming K-12 education: A systematic review of AI integration
Full text linkThe application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has developed in different sectors including teaching and learning where students and teachers can learn AI and augment it in K-12 education settings. The objective of this systematic review is to provide a wide perspective and the understanding the use of the AI for students and teachers in K-12 education setting, by analysing AI technology applications, implementation methods, and its impact. The systematic review searched the databases, and the PRISMA flowchart was applied to search and screen the studies. Articles were screened at the title, abstract and full-text level then coded and analysed. Major findings indicates that AI powered chatbots improve learning outcomes and emphasize the collaboration among teachers, parents, and students to work together for AI integration. This paper also recommends leveraging AI tools like the Interactive Mobile Application for Nurturing (IMAN) Vocab and Intervention in classroom to improve academic performance and critical thinking skills. Despite the advancements, still there are some challenges to overcome such as digital divide, ethical considerations and professional development foe teachers. The study evaluates these challenges alongside advantages such as personalized learning to provide teachers, policymakers, and researchers with transformative pathways. We concludes that AI complements education methods and underscore the need for strategic cooperation and ongoing research efforts to maximize AI benefits while addressing its limitations effectively
Public confidence towards judiciary court: An empirical study in Bangladesh
Full text linkThe judiciary is the most significant component of the criminal justice system, which ensures the legal rights of citizens and is strongly linked to public confidence. The judiciary system of Bangladesh is ineffective and inadequate in safeguarding citizens' rights, highlighting the need for the building of trust between citizens and the judiciary system. The main objective of this study was to explore the nature of public trust in the judiciary system in Bangladesh. Moreover, it also identified the entire public perception of the judicial system, which influences public trust in the judiciary. The study was quantitative in nature which followed the survey method, and the data was collected from 52 respondents. This study found that around 63.5% of the participants expressed a negative perception regarding the court's integrity and meticulousness in dealing with people. At the same time, specifically 38.5% who agreed and 48.1% who strongly agreed, believe that corruption has a substantial impact on the level of public confidence in the judiciary court system. Additionally, 51.9% of the respondents believed that unfriendly behavior has an impact on the level of public confidence in the judiciary court system. Most importantly, the majority of respondents (76.9%) assess the courts' performance in ensuring responsibility as either low (53.8%) or average (23.1%). Finally, this study suggests that the government and concerned authorities should take proactive measures to enhance public confidence in the justice system
The impact of adopting Basel III liquidity coverage ratio, stable funding ratio, and leverage ratio on lending in the Malawian banking sector
Full text linkThis paper examines the impact of adopting Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio, Stable Funding Ratio, and Leverage Ratio on lending in the Malawian banking sector. Malawi’s banking industry regulators are planning to transition to Basel III from the current Basel II regime. This paper pioneers an assessment of the implications of this move for the banking industry. The study uses monthly data for the period January 2010 to December 2022, the Feasible Generalised Least Square (FGLS) Panel Regression model with bank-specific variables (X) and macroeconomic controls (Z). The study finds that Tier 1 has a positive and significant impact on Malawi’s banking sector lending growth, while Tier 2 has a negative and insignificant impact on banking sector-wide lending growth effects. The non-risk weighted asset Basel III leverage ratios have significant and negative impacts on Malawi’s bank sector lending growth. And that the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) had a positive and significant effect in explaining variability in lending in Malawi banking overall, while the introduction of the stable funding ratio (SFR) had a positive and significant impact on banking sector-wide lending growth effects. The study also found that the Basel III Capital and Liquidity Rules have different effects on firm-level lending for the 8 banks in Malawi
Entropy characteristics and structural model in the process of entrepreneurship
Full text link The current national economy needs to foster a culture of entrepreneurship, encourage entrepreneurial initiatives, and create an entrepreneurial ecosystem. In the field of business studies, many scholars have applied various entropy theories to enrich and advance business knowledge. However, the current literature on entrepreneurship and entropy is sparse and disjointed. The previous research does not offer a coherent framework for integrating these two concepts. This research aims to propose a new concept of entrepreneurial entropy. The study uses the literature review, structural equation modelling, and case analysis to construct a preliminary model of entrepreneurial entropy. The study investigated the entrepreneurial performance of four different teams using entropy analysis. The researchers applied six key indicators of entrepreneurship that were developed by four groups of entrepreneurs. They used the structured equation of entropy to calculate the total entropy value for each group. By comparing the entropy values, they were able to draw quantitative conclusions about the effectiveness of the entrepreneurship process. The study will introduce entropy theory to the domain of entrepreneurship and establish a new direction and area of entrepreneurship research. Overall, the proposed concept of entrepreneurial entropy represents a significant step forward in the quest to enrich and advance our knowledge of business and entrepreneurship
Factors of juvenile gang culture in Bangladesh: An investigative study in Dhaka
Full text linkThe objective of the study was to comprehensively analyze factors (motivational and risk) of juvenile gang culture in contemporary Bangladesh. The study employed qualitative methods, utilizing snowball sampling to collect data through in-depth interviews with juvenile gang members from Pallabi (Mirpur). Additionally, twelve Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with experts to address specific challenges and preventive measures related to juvenile gangs in Bangladesh. Secondary data comprised official records from the Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP). The analysis involved developing themes based on the consistency between primary and secondary data and theoretical aspects. Findings revealed that juvenile gang members are increasingly involved in serious crimes. Motivational factors for gang involvement have included a quest for instrumental gain, pursuit of excitement, expression of identity, protection, and finding friends. Employing Thornberry's Interactional theoretical lenses, this study has identified several risk factors across multiple dimensions. On an individual level, low self-esteem, prior delinquency, and negative life experiences increase the likelihood of gang involvement. Moreover, family disintegration, inadequate parental attachment and supervision, and a family history of criminal involvement heighten this risk. Furthermore, peer influence is crucial, as juveniles alienated from family and society often seek support from friends, leading to gang affiliation. Lastly, community context plays a substantial role; juveniles in high-crime areas normalize criminal behavior, and community leader endorsement increases the likelihood of gang involvement. This comprehensive analysis highlights the need for multi-sectoral interventions to address the challenges of juvenile gang culture in Bangladesh
The grandparent scam: A systems perspective case study on elder fraud and the concept of human layering
Full text linkIn April 2024, an 81-year-old Ohio man was charged with murder, assault, and kidnapping. The man believed that he was protecting his family from scammers threatening harm. What he did not realize was that the 61-year-old Uber driver he killed, was also a victim of the same scammers. This qualitative case study examines some common variants of the Grandparent Scam from a systems perspective and how weaponization of conscience is used in these scams. Additionally, this study examines the parallels between layering in money laundering and human layering in the execution of these scams. By examining the underlying dynamics and principles that enable these scams to succeed, law enforcement, regulatory agencies, and organizations can direct efforts to curtailing scammers’ success
Structural empowerment, job involvement, and performance: The mediating role of psychological empowerment
Full text linkThis research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of structural empowerment on job involvement and task performance, while also considering the mediating role of psychological empowerment. The research is of the causal survey type, and the statistical population included all the employees of a government company in the number of 900 people. According to Morgan's table, 269 people were selected as a statistical sample. A questionnaire served as data collection instrument, and Cronbach’s alpha confirmed its validity and reliability. Data analysis was done using the partial least squares method, and hypothesis testing was done using the structural equation method (SEM). We determined the theoretical framework by reviewing the literature and research background, and then formulated two main research hypotheses and four sub-hypotheses. The results of the research hypotheses showed that psychological empowerment has a positive and significant effect on job involvement and psychological empowerment on task performance. We also confirmed the positive and significant effect of structural empowerment on job involvement. The results also showed that structural empowerment on task performance, structural empowerment on task performance through psychological empowerment, and structural empowerment on job engagement through psychological empowerment do not have a positive and significant effect
The role of legal system in SME bank credit in ASEAN
Full text linkThis study aims to investigate the role of legal system in the access to bank credit of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and explores the measures to improve legal system among the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). By applying the ordinary least squares (OLS) method, the study examines the bank credit accessibility of over 12,000 firms across eight ASEAN countries, using the data collected from the World Bank’s Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS), in relation to each country's contract enforcement indicators. The estimated results reveal a significant positive relationship between contract enforcement and SMEs’ access to bank credit. Furthermore, the results show that long time consumption and large costs for contract enforcement reduces financing opportunities of SMEs. Additionally, the study finds that a country’s legal tradition does not impact the effectiveness of its contract enforcement. Implementing electronic filing systems and limiting times and costs for legal processes can enhance contract enforcement. Consequently, strong contract enforcement appears to encourage banks to increase SME lending, leading to higher SME bank credit in countries with efficient contract enforcement mechanisms. Enhancing contract enforcement can increase SME financing and consequently, will improve a country’s financial intermediation. These findings underscore the importance of contract enforcement including its duration and cost, in the context of SME financing and suggest ways to improve a country’s legal system to foster SME access to bank credit
Board independence, CEO tenure, and private firm performance in Nairobi, Kenya
Full text linkGoverning board members includes a mix of non-executive and executive members who seek the best interests of shareholders. Non-executive board members relay on independence to execute their responsibilities and enables better firms’ performance. The independent board members are vetted in by shareholders to reduce agency problems. The study aims to establish how Chief executive officer tenure influence independent board members on decision making to enhance firm performance. Agency theory and stewardship theory were utilized in the study. The explanatory research design was used 371 private firms were the sample size. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression models were used to test for direct effect and moderation effect. According to the findings, board member independence is critical for monitoring the CEO and reducing principal-agent conflict, hence enhancing business performance. The independence of board members is critical for organizations to remain inventive and competitive in order to improve firm performance
Comparative study of the construction mode of wartime air-raid shelters in Chongqing and London under the context of massive bombing
Full text linkThis paper aims to explore the construction of air-raid shelters by different cities utilizing advantageous resources to address the refuge needs of large populations. The study collects historical documents and conducts field research to categorize and comparatively analyze the characteristics of air-raid shelter construction in the capitals of China and the United Kingdom during World War II, taking into account the social context and natural conditions. Then the study assesses the advantages and disadvantages of different construction models. Facing the tragic bombings and to protect tens of thousands of people, the construction of air-raid shelters fully demonstrated different patterns in the two cities based on natural environments and industrial strength, i.e., the nature-oriented pattern and the industry-oriented pattern. The air-raid shelters in the two cities adopted various construction strategies in four aspects: location layout, relationship with buildings, internal space, and architectural technology and materials. Chongqing's nature-oriented construction pattern was more resilient and economical. London's industry-oriented construction pattern had the advantages of comfort, safety, and rapid production and construction. Two different construction patterns not only showcase the ingenuity of air-raid shelter architecture but also reveal the spirit of optimism, tenacity, and unity of the people in the capitals of China and the United Kingdom during the war. Nowadays, this research is of great significance for air-raid shelter construction and utilization, as well as for the shaping of urban identity