Scientific Publishing Institute (SPI): E-Journals
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Foreign exchange rate movement and long-term sovereign bond yield curve movements in Kenya
Full text linkThe primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of exchange rate movements on Kenyan government treasury bond yields during the period 2002-2022. The study utilized monetary policy to assess its moderating effect on the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Data for this research was obtained from secondary sources, including the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, the Central Bank of Kenya, and Thompson Reuters, as all variables considered were only available through these sources. Using quarterly data spanning 20 years (2002-2022), amounting to approximately 80 observations, the analysis was conducted with E-Views 12 based on the study's objectives. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, while correlation and multiple regression analyses examined the relationship between government bond performance and exchange rate movements. Prior to analysis, stationarity tests and other diagnostic procedures were performed. The results indicated a significant impact of exchange rate movements on 20-year government bond yields. An increase in the exchange rate was associated with a positive change in bond yields, suggesting that currency fluctuations can influence bond yields, potentially reflecting the effects of currency movements on investor behavior in the bond market
The influence of regional revenue and expenditure budget realization report and financial report information on APBD determination: Study of regional government in Indonesia
Full text linkThis study aimed to empirically investigate the influence of Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) realization as well as regional financial report information on APBD determination (PAPBD). Quantitative data were obtained from regional government financial report spanning from 2017 to 2020. Furthermore, the population comprised regional government in Indonesia, with a sample of 538 city and district governments as well as 2,126 observations selected through purposive sampling. Panel data analysis was conducted using GLS-RE method to estimate parameters of the direct influence model. The results showed that APBD realization report had a positive effect on APBD determination, while financial report information had a negative effect. This had significant implications for regulations and local government, specifically in developing countries such as Indonesia. Moreover, the results showed the importance of budget realization report (LRA) in informing APBD decisions and the necessity of timely financial information to ensure appropriate budget allocation
Teachers' perceptions and attitudes on the use of tablet computers in teaching and learning process: Experiences from face-to-face sessions at Morogoro-campus in Tanzania
Full text linkThis study assessed teachers' perceptions and attitudes regarding integrating tablet computers into the teaching and learning process. A mixed-methods approach and a descriptive design were employed. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used to assess teachers' perceived usefulness, ease of use, behavioral intention to use, attitudes toward tablet computers, and challenges associated with the use of tablet computers in the learning and teaching process. Sixty-four (64) respondents participated in the study and were selected through purposive sampling during a face-to-face session held in December 2023 at Morogoro-Campus. Data in this study were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The findings revealed that teachers generally perceived tablets as effective teaching tools and expressed satisfaction with their use in the teaching and learning process. However, the study highlighted a lack of training for teachers on incorporating tablet computers into classroom. Key barriers included insufficient technical support, connectivity issues, and time constraints. 76.6% (f = 49) of the respondents believed that providing clear and appropriate information on how, when, and where to use tablets would enhance their effectiveness in teaching. Respondents also emphasized the importance of training teachers in the use of tablet computers to ensure that they are equipped with the necessary skills to integrate technology effectively into their teaching practices. The study recommends providing in-service training for teachers on utilizing tablet computers in education
E-learning open seminar on "Human–centered artificial intelligence in education: From theory to practice"
Full text linkThe study focus the impact of AI applications in education, focusing on improving education quality and enhancing teaching methods. The Laboratory of Advanced Learning Technologies in Lifelong and Distance Learning (EDIVEA) at the University of Crete implemented an ICT-based distance learning program titled "Human-centred AI in Education. The pedagogical dimension: From Theory to Practice," involving 1883 teachers from all education levels. The analysis showed that trainees effectively used the training material in their teaching practices, demonstrating its practical value and importance in distance learning. The study also highlighted the significance of support and communication between tutors and trainees in addressing pedagogical issues. The research underscores the critical role of anthropocentric training programs focused on teachers' needs. The successful application of the training material in real teaching scenarios validates the program's effectiveness. The findings suggest that well-designed, human-centered AI training programs can significantly enhance teaching practices. Ongoing support and communication between tutors and trainees are crucial for the successful implementation of distance learning programs
Bridging the divide: The perceived efficacy of datalogging in fostering higher-order thinking and conceptual understanding in science practical’s
Full text linkPractical work has long been positioned as central to school science, yet its effectiveness in promoting genuine conceptual understanding and higher-order thinking remains contested. This study investigates whether datalogging (probeware) can help bridge the persistent gap between “hands-on” activity and “minds-on” learning in science practicals. Drawing on Millar and two-domain model of practical work, the research explores science teachers’ perceptions of datalogging as a mediator between the domain of objects and observables and the domain of scientific ideas. Adopting a post-positivist stance and a large-scale cross-sectional survey design, an online questionnaire was distributed to 62,340 named science teachers across the UK, USA, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand, yielding 2,126 valid responses. Exploratory factor analysis of 21 Likert-scale items identified two robust latent constructs: Datalogging as a Facilitator of inquiry, higher-order thinking, and conceptual understanding; and Teacher Apprehension, capturing concerns about reliability, setup time, and classroom management. Multiple regression analyses showed that positive perceptions of datalogging were strongly associated with greater proportions of hands-on practical time and specific subject specialisms, indicating that the pedagogical context strongly conditions the perceived efficacy of the technology. Teachers reported that datalogging particularly enhances students’ ability to interpret graphs, link observations to theory, and engage in open-ended, investigative work. At the same time, apprehension about technical complexity emerged as a non-trivial barrier to adoption. The study concludes that datalogging is perceived not as a marginal add-on but as a powerful cognitive mediator that can revitalise practical science—provided it is supported by sustained, pedagogically focused professional development and reliable classroom technology
EFL teachers' experiences of student engagement in synchronous online classes in Oman: Challenges and strategies
Full text linkThis study investigates the experiences of Omani school EFL teachers in engaging students during synchronous online classes. Although the data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings remain relevant to both current and future online teaching in Oman and similar educational settings. The aim of the study is to identify the key challenges faced by teachers and the strategies they employed to enhance student engagement. A qualitative case study approach was adopted. It involved six female EFL teachers from Cycle Two and Post Basic schools. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion. Through thematic analysis, the research identified several challenges, including technical difficulties, limited face-to-face interaction, low student motivation, cultural and environmental factors, and a misalignment between the curriculum and online learning environments. In response, teachers implemented various strategies, such as the integration of diverse digital tools, the use of motivational techniques, collaborative activities, the promotion of critical thinking, and consistent student monitoring. The findings provide valuable insights into the pedagogical realities of Omani EFL teachers and underscore the ongoing importance of student engagement in virtual learning. This study contributes to the growing body of research on digital education in Oman and calls for continued innovation in teaching practices and sustained professional support for educators working in digital environments
Innovative teaching methods of hardware manicure in the system of vocational education
Full text linkThe relevance of this study lies in the increasing demand for highly qualified specialists in the beauty industry, which necessitates a transformation of training approaches within the context of educational digitalization. This research aims to develop and experimentally assess the effectiveness of a modern methodology for teaching hardware manicure using virtual simulation, in comparison to traditional training models in vocational education institutions. An experimental design was implemented with control and experimental groups composed of students with no prior manicure experience. The training incorporated virtual simulators, specialized software, and standard hardware manicure devices. To evaluate effectiveness, both quantitative and qualitative assessment methods were employed: procedure speed and accuracy metrics, quality control checklists, and satisfaction questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test. The results demonstrated significant advantages of the innovative approach. Students trained with virtual simulation completed procedures in less time, achieved higher-quality nail treatment based on established criteria, and reported greater satisfaction with the learning process. The use of virtual tools effectively contributed to the development of practical skills and professional confidence in the initial stages of training. The study concludes that VR-based teaching methods offer a viable and effective alternative to traditional instruction in the training of beauty industry professionals. Their integration into college and vocational education curricula is feasible and beneficial. Future research will focus on adapting this methodology to other areas of professional beauty training, such as hairdressing and makeup, developing comprehensive AR/VR-based courses, and integrating virtual training into professional certification systems
Demystifying workplace emerging trends in the Kenyan public service: Perceptions from Kibabii University
Full text linkThis study explored public service employees' awareness and adoption of emerging trends in task performance within the Kenyan public service. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 50 staff responding to an online questionnaire. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings showed that 96% of respondents recognized "remote working" as the most familiar trend, followed by "hybrid working" and "Artificial Intelligence" at 88%. "Micro Learning" (66%) and the "gig economy" (56%) had lower recognition. Despite this, 72% confirmed the integration of "remote working" and "Artificial Intelligence" into service delivery, with "hybrid working" and "Micro Learning" also gaining traction. "Gig economy" adoption remained minimal, while "hybrid working" was the most widely implemented (62%). Thematic analysis identified four key effects of trend integration: Efficiency and Productivity, Flexibility and Work-Life Balance, Inclusion and Diversity, and Challenges and Concerns. The study concluded that while awareness and adoption of emerging trends are significant, challenges such as infrastructure, training, policy reforms, and organizational adaptability persist. Future research could explore employee attitudes toward job security amid these transitions
Applying grey theory to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating hands-on robotics into english remedial instruction for fourth-grade underachievers
Full text linkThis study explores the effectiveness of humanoid robots as instructional tools in remedial English education for elementary school underachievers. The integration of educational robotics into language instruction has attracted growing interest, yet its application in supporting low-achieving learners remains underexplored. Nineteen fourth-grade students identified as underachievers participated in a robot-assisted learning program aimed at improving their English language performance. The study employed the S-P chart and GSP chart analytical methods to examine students’ academic achievement and the relative difficulty of test items before and after the intervention. Analysis of the S and P curves revealed that the correct answer rate increased following instruction, with the test difficulty shifting to a moderate level. The caution index provided additional diagnostic insights into students’ learning conditions and the performance consistency of specific test items. Furthermore, the GSP chart indicated a general improvement in student academic achievement, even though the test difficulty remained unchanged. These findings suggest that robot-assisted instruction can support learning gains among elementary underachievers and highlight the value of grey system theory in tracking both student progress and instructional effectiveness. The study offers practical implications for integrating robotics into language education and demonstrates the potential of grey system theory as a diagnostic tool in educational assessment, particularly in designing interventions for students requiring additional support
Assessment of skills development in a residency research track for internal medicine residents
Full text linkThere has been minimal formal evaluation of residency research programs. This study was designed to assess the impact of an internal medicine residency research track on residents’ confidence and attitudes about research skills. In 2022, a research track was started within the UMass Chan internal medicine residency. Ten residents (five PGY-2 and five PGY-3) were selected to participate. Pre- and post-program surveys were created distributed electronically at baseline and one year, with 100% response rate. Survey questions, ranked on a Likert scale (1–5), assessed residents' confidence and self-perceived importance of research skills. Change scores were utilized to compare post-survey responses to baseline using paired t-tests. At baseline, residents reported mean (SD) 5.8 (5.7) publications, which increased by 1.4 (1.8) in one year (p = 0.02). IRB submission, conducting basic analyses, and grant writing had the lowest baseline scores. After one-year, mean confidence scores significantly increased for writing study protocols (pre-score (SD): 3.0 (1.2), Δ: 0.6), IRB submissions (2.6 (1.1), Δ: 0.9), designing survey questions (2.9 (1.3), Δ: 0.9), writing methods (3.4 (1.0), Δ: 0.5), and designing blank tables (3.4 (1.5), Δ: 0.4, all p < 0.05). No significant score reductions were noted. Implementation of research tracks can improve research skills and overcome some barriers to research during residency training. Our study demonstrates improved confidence in research skills through completion of research didactics and close mentorship. Future curricula should conduct needs assessments and provide an individualized approach to maintain research scholarship during residency