Journal of Public Health Research (PAGEPress Publications)
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Exclusive breastfeeding village program increased the role of health cadres
Get PDFBackground: Exclusive Breastfeeding Village Program was launched by Government in 2016 to increase public awareness on the need to feed babies exclusively with breast milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the exclusive breastfeeding village program in increasing the role of health cadres to promote breastfeeding practices. Design and Methods: The design of this study was pre experimental with one group pre-post design with 102 cadres chosen by simple random sampling techniques. A Wilcoxon signed rank test with a significance level α=0.05 was used to measure the effectiveness of the program. Results: The results showed that the value of P<0.05, it means that exclusive breastfeeding village program increased the role of health cadres and this is expected to be reflected in the improvement of the health of mothers and babies. The program has a strategic role to increase the knowledge and skills of support groups, make mothers understand the benefits of proper breastfeeding, and encourage eating good foods in order to maintain adequate nutrition. Conclusions: The breastfeeding village program has the ability to improve the knowledge and skills of health cadres
Determinants of family independence in caring for hebephrenic schizophrenia patients
Get PDFBackground: Schizophrenic patients are very susceptible to recurrent incidences, therefore the family plays a key role in providing care as a part of the recovery team. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and support with family independence in caring for hebephrenic schizophrenic patients. Design and Methods: It was used a correlational analytic design with cross sectional approach, and consecutive sampling technique was used, which attained 57 respondents. The independent variables were knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and support, while independence was the dependent variable, and both were measured using questionnaires, and Spearman rank test was used for data analysis. Results: The results indicate the presence of a relationship between knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, as well as support and family independence in caring for hebephrenic schizophrenia. In addition, the spearman rank test showed P-values of 0.008, 0.011, 0.032, and 0.027 in family knowledge, perception, attitudes and support, respectively, at <0.05. Conclusions: This study indicates the importance of family support in attempts to improve the self-esteem of schizophrenic patients. Based on this data, the hospital is expected to improve the family-based patient recovery program
Narrative stories of high risk sexual behaviors among adolescents in Makassar City
Get PDFBackground: Dating behavior by some Indonesian adolescents is against the social norms of the society, showing moral gaps and psychosocial unconventionality. Several challenges emanate from this issue, including risk behavior-sexual intercourse. This research aims to describe the adolescents’ risk behavior-sexual intercourse in Makassar City. Design and Methods: The study uses a narrative qualitative approach with a criterion sampling technique. Three adolescents who participated in this research: two males and one female, between 17 and 19 years of age. The data are obtained through an in-depth interview based on the guideline from to Adolescent Health and Development Questionnaire by Jessor. Results: The result shows that risk behavior such as premature sexual intercourse is caused by high risk factors, including behavior, opportunity, models, and vulnerability risks. The moderator effect of protection form protective factors, such as behavior, controls, models protection and supports protections toward risk factors, play less significant roles in minimizing the possibility of indulging in risk behavior in sexual intercourse and in dating. Conclusions: The risk of sexual intercourse starts from dating, which leads to sexual intercourse. Additionally, this issue is also attributed to the risk and protective factors, affecting preparation for adulthood, personal development, and healt
Saltwater fish consumption pattern and incidence of hypertension in adults: A study on the population of Gresik coast, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the Indonesian population, characterized by an increasing number of sufferers each year. Curtailing saltwater fish consumption pattern is an optional effort to prevent hypertension, as most users tend to attribute little or no attention to this possibility. Design and Methods: The purpose of this study, therefore, was to analyze the correlation between saltwater fish consumption pattern and the incidence of hypertension in adults, using analytic research design with cross sectional approach. Results: The analysis showed the dominance of female respondents (63%), aged 36-45 years (60%), graduated from senior high school (33.8%), working as housewives (32.5%), monthly income above the average (63.6%), absence of hypertension history (80.5%), eat sea fish often as a side dish (59.7%), and pre hypertension (59.1%). Furthermore, data analysis showed a Pvalue of 0.000, indicating the presence of a significant relationship between the consumption pattern of sea fish and the incidence of hypertension. Conclusions: The results of this study show the high consumption of saltwater fish by most people living in Kebungson, Gresik Village. This correlates with the incidence of hypertension in indigenous adults, as the majority was classified with prehypertension levels
Higher education and Sustainable Development Goals during COVID-19: coping strategies of a university in Wuhan, China
Get PDFBackground: It is widely perceived that COVID-19 has significant influence on higher education and also contribution to development including Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However there is insufficient evidence about investigations on such influences, especially at micro level.
Design and method: A university located in Wuhan, China, is selected for the case study to explore how COVID-19 affects higher education and how universities’ coping strategies of COVID-19 can contribute to SDGs. The method is an analysis of 32 institutional documents published by the university.
Results: The university in the case study has taken a number of coping strategies of COVID-19, largely in four aspects including medical services, online education, logistic support, and graduate employment promotion. These coping strategies contribute to achieving SDGs, especially SDGs 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 10.
Conclusions: The case study provides micro-level empirical evidence, which supports that appropriate university coping strategies of COVID-19 can contribute to SDGs, even it is widely perceived that the pandemic has brought strong negative impact on higher education and sustainable development. The selection of a university in Wuhan, China, can generate more practical implications, as Wuhan is the first city that experienced the unprecedented lockdown, and China is the first country that reopened university campuses after the lockdown
The COVID-19 pandemic: Emerging perspectives and future trends
No full textWorld is living on the edge. The human cost of COVID pandemic could be extraordinary. We find ourselves in a time of great economic, social, and medical uncertainty. The pandemic demands action on many fronts, from prevention to testing to treatment. We need to create simple, cheap, more accessible testing for SARS-CoV-2. A faster way has to be developed to identify antibodies that neutralize the virus. More than 100 vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 are at various stages of development. Some six groups have already begun injecting formulations into volunteers in safety trials; others have started testing in animals. The biggest challenge is to determine which vaccine is ideal. Reason and science have to guide us. There is urgent need to critically appraise evidence in deciding how to treat patients. We need a drug or combination of drugs that work. Remdesivir has generated hope. It may prove to be a magic bullet. Countries like Taiwan, Vietnam, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, New Zealand have done exceptionally well to contain the spread of COVID-19. It is widely believed that during the pandemic treatment suffers. Patients with diseases like cancer, diabetes, renal failure, CAD and pregnant women need special attention. As the pandemic pushes up levels of hunger among the global poor, governments must prevent devastating nutrition and health consequences for children missing out on school meals amid school closures. Nations will have endemic SARS-CoV-2 infection for the foreseeable future. A structured and well-coordinated approach is critical for tackling this global crisis
Using GIS and death records to inform statewide school-based diabetes prevention interventions in Michigan
Get PDFBackground: One of modifiable risk factors of diabetes is unhealthy diet which is related to obesity. Individuals with childhood obesity are at higher risk of adulthood obesity. School-based diabetes prevention programs are important to reduce childhood obesity. When resources are limited, evidence-based priority need to be undertaken. However, data related to childhood obesity was not widely available, the study used diabetes-related death records as the proxy of diabetes burden. This study aimed to map and identify geographic variation of diabetes-related mortality rate by school district level in Michigan to be used for policy-relevant information.Design and Methods: This study used death records in Michigan. Diabetes-related mortality rate and years potential life lost (YPLL) was calculated at the school district level. Spatial autocorrelation local Moran’s I and geographically weighted regression were used to evaluate spatial pattern of age-adjusted diabetes-related mortality rate by school districts.Results: The age-adjusted diabetes-related mortality rate ranged from 17.0 (95% CI, 8.6-25.5) to 171.3 (95% CI, 135.9-206.7) deaths per 100,000 population. The YPLL per person ranged from 0 to 19.3 years (95% CI, 15.5-23.1). High rates of diabetes-related mortality rate and YPLL clustered in East central and Southeastern region of Lower Peninsula Michigan including Flint, Kearsley, Beecher, Westwood Heights, Detroit, Ecorse, River Rouge, Taylor, Allen Park and Lincoln Consolidated school districts.Conclusions: There was variation in diabetes burden examined by diabetes-related mortality rate and YPLL at the school district level within Michigan State. The high cluster can be prioritized for the intervention programs
Waiting for Godot: A cross sectional survey based analysis of the hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis strategy against COVID-19 in India
Get PDFBackground: India currently has the second largest burden of infections due to COVID-19. Health Care Worker (HCW) shortages are endemic to Indian healthcare. It should therefore be a huge priority to protect this precious resource as a critical component of the systemic response to this pandemic. Advisories from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) have focused on using hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis against COVID-19 in at risk HCW. This prophylaxis strategy has no evidence. In further jeopardy there appear to insubstantial attempts to build this evidence as well. In this connection, we commissioned a survey within our Institution to estimate the penetration of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use and use this to statistically model the impact of current ongoing studies in India. We also briefly review the literature on HCQ prophylaxis for COVID-19. Design and methods: A structured survey designed using RedCAP application was disseminated among healthcare professionals employed at an academic referral tertiary care centre via online social media platforms. The survey was kept open for the entire month of June 2020. The survey was additionally used to statistically model the size of studies required to comprehensively address the efficacy of HCQ in this setting.Results: 522 responses were received, of which 4 were incomplete. The ICMR strategy of 4 or more doses of HCQ was complete only in 15% of HCW in our survey. The majority of respondents were doctors (238, 46%). Amongst all category of responders, only 12% (n=63) received the full course. A majority of those who initiated the chemoprophylaxis with HCQ turned out to be medical professionals (59/63) with neither nurse nor other categories of healthcare workers accessing the medication. The respondents of our institutional survey did not report any life-threatening side effects. Presuming efficacy as per ICMR modelling for new registry trial on the lines of the published case control study, equal allocation between cases and controls and assuming a RR of 1.3.6, the power of such a study would be very low for n=2000 for event rates from 2.5-12.5%. Conclusion: We report the low penetration of HCQ chemoprophylaxis among the healthcare workers of our institution. We highlight the inherent drawbacks in the study design of current national COVID related trial based on the statistical modelling of our survey results and published literature, and thereby emphasis the need of evidence-based strategies contributing to research policy at national level
Early sexual debut and associated factors among students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFStudents with early sexual debut are exposed to risky sexual behaviours. For effective intervention of early sexual debut and its consequences, determination of its magnitude and identifications of associated factors is important. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and its associated factors of early sexual debut among students in Ethiopia. Articles were identified through databases such as PubMed, Global Health, HINARI, Google advance search, Scopus, and EMBASE from March 10th to April 3rd. The data was extracted using a standardized data extraction form and exported to STATA 11 for analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of early sexual debut among students was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis. Presence of association was determined using an odds ratio with a corresponding 95% CI. A total of 9 studies with 4,217 participants were involved in this meta-analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of early sexual debut among students in Ethiopia was 27.53% (95% CI: 20.52, 34.54). Being female (OR: 3.64, 95% CI: 1.67, 5.61), watching pornography (OR: 3.8, 95% CI: 2.10, 5.50) and having boyfriend or girlfriend (OR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.24, 5.96) were found to be risk factors for early sexual debut. More than one fourth of students practiced early sexual debut. The finding suggests the need of strengthening prevention strategies, effective intervention, and programs to reduce early sexual debut and its consequences in educational institutions. Furthermore, special attention should be given to female students and students who watch pornography
The incidence of stunting, the frequency/duration of diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infection in toddlers
Get PDFBackground: Infectious diseases such as diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) lead to loss of appetite in children and stunting growth. This study analyzes the relationship between the incidence of stunting and the frequency/duration of diarrhea and ARI in children under five years. Design and Methods: The stratified random sampling method was used to obtain data from 152 children in 4 villages in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Results: The results showed that children under the age of five, experience higher stunting duration and longer frequency of diarrhea. The Rho Spearmen Test showed differences in the incidence of stunting with the frequency of diarrhea P = 0.005 (P<α = 0.05), P = 0.003 (P<α = 0.05), with ARI of P =0.001 (P<α = 0.05).Conclusions: In conclusion, stunting is related to the frequency and duration of diarrheal diseases and ARI, therefore, community- integrated health center need to carryout counseling activities on children less than five years to determine their health status