Journal of Public Health Research (PAGEPress Publications)
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Pregnant women’s perceptions of physical activity: Adaptation of the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire in Dubai, a multicultural society
Get PDFBackground: There are major health benefits of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy, yet there is scant data about a woman's knowledge and understanding of these benefits globally.Design and Methods: We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates concerning exercise. We wanted to investigate why some women exercise while others do not exercise during pregnancy. We used a cross-sectional study using a paper-based questionnaire involving pregnant women at antenatal clinics in the Dubai health Authority. The Modified form of Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) was adapted in both Arabic and English and used in this study.Results: Women aging 25-35 that had a higher educational level, were employed, having 1 or 2 previous pregnancies, and having better knowledge on the benefits of Physical Activity (PA) during pregnancy had better exercise profiles.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the majority of the women that participated in our study were shown to have low PA during pregnancy. Better education and communication of the benefits of PA during pregnancy are needed to improve exercise among pregnant women in the UAE population. We found that improved education of women specific to PA with involvement of a healthcare provider were associated with an increase in PA during pregnancy. 
Public knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotics use and antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia: A web-based cross-sectional survey
Get PDFBackground: Antimicrobial resistance is a global issue that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the general Saudi populations toward antibiotics use.Design and methods: A cross-sectional, anonymous online survey was conducted from January 1 to May 11, 2020, across five major regions of Saudi Arabia. Participants (aged ≥18 years) were invited through social media to complete an online self-structured questionnaire. All data were analyzed by Statistical Package (SPSS v.25). Descriptive statistics, Pearson's Chi-squared, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation analyses were conducted. Results: Out of 443 participants, the majority (n=309, 69.8%) were females, 294 (64.4%) were married, 176 (39.7%) were 25-34 years of age, 338 (76.3%) were living in the Eastern Province, 313 (70.7%) had college or higher education, 139 (31.4%) were not working, and 163 (36.8%) had a monthly income of USD 800-1330. Overall, most participants demonstrated good knowledge and practice (88% and 85.6%, respectively). However, 76.8%had inadequate attitude score levels towards antibiotics use. Of all the respondents, 74.9% knew that not completing a full course of antibiotics may cause antibiotics resistance, 91.33% did not agree that antibiotics should be accessed without a prescription, and 94.04% will not hand over leftover antibiotics to family members. Factors associated with adequate knowledge were female, medical jobs, and higher income (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings revealed that while most participants were aware of antibiotics use and demonstrated good knowledge, good practices, they had negative attitudes towards antibiotics use
Knowledge and attitude toward health and CVD risk factors among firefighters in Cape Town, South Africa
Get PDFBackground: Firefighting is a hazardous occupation, and the firefighters’ fitness for duty is affected by their knowledge of and attitudes toward their health and their relationship in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude toward health and CVD risk factors among firefighters in South Africa.Design and Methods: The study used a cross-sectional research design. A sample of 110 firefighters, males and females, aged 18 to 65 years were conveniently sampled from the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service. A researcher-generated self-administered questionnaire was completed online to obtain data from firefighters. A p-value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance.Results: The results showed that 52.8% of firefighters had a poor knowledge of health, and 47.2% had a good knowledge of health, while 10% reported a negative attitude towards health and 90.0% had a positive attitude towards health. There was a significant difference between firefighters’ knowledge of health and their attitudes toward health (p<0.05), particularly related to marital status, age, years of experience and in those with CVD risk factors (p<0.05). Significant correlations were found between knowledge of CVD and knowledge of health-risk behaviors (p<0.05).Conclusion: Significant differences in health knowledge and attitudes toward health were present in married, aged and hypertensive firefighters. Overall health knowledge and health-risk behaviours were significant predictors of attitudes toward health
Autism screening tests: A narrative review
Get PDFAs screening tests are tools to quantify communication-interactive abilities of speech and language; therefore, to evaluate, screen, diagnose and treat various aspects of one’s abilities, they are necessary. The purpose of this study is to review the existing autism screening tools, their subtests, administration, scoring, and application in clinical and research contexts in children and adults. This study was a review of autism screening tools; hence, an electronic search through databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Medline, SID, and Magiran was performed from 2000 to 2021. The tests were examined in terms of year of publication, duration, age range, assessment method, subtests, and psychometric properties and furthermore, they were reviewed in details. In this study, 19 autism screening tests were evaluated and The Autism Spectrum Quotient was found to have the shortest administration time while The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale had the longest, and the only test that varied in duration was the Autism Screening Instrument for educational planning. Autism screening is a complex issue. Reviewing these articles reveals that some tests have been used more in recent years due to their specialized subtests or easy and fast administration. Prompt testing is extremely crucial especially in emergency situations like the current COVID-19 pandemic the world is struggling with today. A review of speech tone tests shows that the CARS-2 is one of the most widely validated autism assessments
Unintentional injury and its determinants among adolescents
Get PDFBackground: Globally, unintentional injury has been a documented public health problem among adolescents having debilitating consequences and accountable for economic burden. The study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of unintentional injury, identify the determinants and consequences among adolescents.Design and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 222 adolescents using systematic random sampling from a site covered under UHTC Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarkhand. Binary and multivariate logistic regression was used to compute crude and adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] for establishing an association between risk factors and unintentional injury. Descriptive measures (causes, consequences, etc.) describing injuries were presented in tabular, graphical form in proportions.Results: 73.1% of the adolescents suffered from unintentional injury. The risk factors associated (statistically insignificant) with Unintentional Injury was males (AOR =1.019, 95% CI =.524-1.979) , living in nuclear family (AOR = 1.540, 95% CI =.766-3.093) , smoked tobacco (AOR = 2.797, 95% CI :.227-34.4377) , visually impaired (AOR =1.629 95% CI :.548 - 6.458) and living in house with overcrowding(AOR =1.66,95% CI:.818-3.395) . 5 % of those affected with unintentional injury had disability.Conclusions: Health education addressing causes, risk factors, consequences of unintentional injury among adolescents, parents, school, and district health authorities should be mandated for the formulation of policy to prevent unintentional injuries
Exercise improves long-term social and behavioral rhythms in older adults: Did it play a role during the COVID-19 lockdown?
No full textThe study aimed to verify whether exercise training in older adults can improve social behavioral rhythms (SBR) and if any modification is maintained over time. Older adults (n=120) from a previous randomized controlled trial, were randomly allocated to either a moderate-intensity exercise group or a control group. SBR was evaluated at t0, t26, and t48 weeks (during the COVID-19 lockdown), using the brief social rhythms scale (BSRS). Seventy-nine participants completed the follow-up (age 72.3±4.7, women 55.3%). An improvement in the BSRS score was found in the exercise group at 26 weeks (p=0.035) when the exercise program was concluded, and it was maintained at 48 weeks (p=0.013). No improvements were observed in the control group. To conclude, SBR, previously found as a resilience factor in older adults during COVID-19, appear to improve after a moderate 12 weeks exercise program, and the improvement persisted even after stopping exercise during the COVID-19 lockdown
The effect of medical history and compressor on barotrauma
Get PDFBackground: Barotrauma causes damage to an enclosed cavity within the human body due to pressure changes inside and outside the body. This research aims to identify the effect of medical history and compressor on barotrauma.Design and method: The case-control design and total sampling methods were used to obtained data from 174 respondents.Results: The bivariate result showed that the value of medical history was at p=0.006, OR=2.47, with a compressor value of p=0.000, OR=16.29. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis indicated that the compressor has a dominant factor at OR= 7.175.Conclusions: Both medical history and compressor affected barotrauma incidence, with compressor as the most dominant factor
Perception of safety climate among Indonesian nurses: A cross-sectional survey
Get PDFBackground: The measurement of nurse perception on safety, and the factors associated to safety climate, direct the development of effective strategies in reducing adverse events, and patient safety improvement.Design and Method: This research was quantified, using the teamwork and safety climate domains of an Indonesian translated version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ-INA). The teamwork and safety climate domain scores were calculated, using the published SAQ-INA scoring algorithm. The univariate and multivariate median regression models were performed to examine the association between potential predictors and safety climate.Result: The results showed that 279 nurses responded to the survey (82% response rate). While most of them had a positive attitude towards teamwork (n= 170, 61%), fewer possessed the same mentality towards safety climate (n=109, 39%). The lowest level of teamwork was perceived by nurses working in the emergency department (median 71, interquartile range 12.5), and safety climate (median 64, interquartile range 14.2). Furthermore, those that worked in the private hospitals, also reported lower levels of safety climate, compared to nurses in the public health centres (median difference=-3.571, p=0.009).Conclusion: Ward and hospital type were associated with the level of safety climate, perceived by nurses. Understanding the key areas, the intervention is best directed to target hospital wards with poor safety climate, in a bid to reduce adverse events, and improve patient safety
Exploring the relationship between nurses’ communication satisfaction and patient safety culture
Get PDFBackground: Patient safety culture is associated with the values, attitudes, competencies and behaviors that support the safe conduct of individual or group activities in hospitals and other health organizations. Safety culture is influenced by various factors, one of which is communication, which plays a significant role in health services. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between nurse communication satisfaction and the quality of patient safety culture in hospitals. Design and Methods: This is a cross-sectional design with the proportional random sampling method used to data from 51 nurses, which was analyzed using the Spearman rank test. The majority of the nurses were female, between 20 – 30 years old, with 1-5 years working experience.Results: The results showed a significant relationship between nurse communication satisfaction and the quality of patient safety culture. Furthermore, the higher the nurses' level of communication satisfaction, the better the applied quality of patient safety culture (r = 0.338).ConclusionS: Nurse communication satisfaction affects the provision of effective health care, with the ability to create good cooperative relationships and foster trust between professions in order to improve the quality of service delivery and patient safety
Effectiveness of diabetes self-management education (DSME) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients: Systematic literature review
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due to metabolic disorders that prevent patients from producing sufficient amounts of insulin. This research aims to test the effectiveness of implementing diabetes self-management education in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The search for relevant articles was carried out through Google Scholar, PubMed, Proquest, and Science Direct using the keywords diabetes mellitus, management education, self-care, diabetes self-management education, DSME, T2DM. The articles were then selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, the data were extracted, grouped, and concluded. Based on 15 articles, diabetes self-management education intervention provides significant effectiveness to lifestyle changes and the self-care of T2DM patients. In conclusion, diabetes self-management education intervention has been shown to be effective in dealing with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, DSME has a positive effect on lifestyle changes and the self-care of T2DM patients