Journal of Public Health Research (PAGEPress Publications)
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Condom-use negotiation, alcohol consumption, and HIV-risk sexual behavior among female sex workers in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study
Full text linkBackground: Female sex workers play a crucial part in HIV transmission. Having unprotective condom during sexual activity can lead to HIV infection. Having lower power in condom negotiation with clients can lead FSW not to using condoms during sexual activity. Alcohol consumption was also mediated HIV risk behavior among FSW. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between condom use-negotiation, alcohol consumption and HIV-risk sexual behavior among female sex workers (FSW) in Kupang.Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 125 FSWs aged 18 to 60 years recruited from Yayasan Tanpa Batas Kupang with consecutive sampling. The data were analyzed using univariate and the Chi-square test.Results: The majority of FSWs (61.6%) reported had low negotiation condom use with their clients, about 77.6% reported high levels of alcohol consumption and 64.8% had high-risk sexual behavior. Condom-use negotiation (p-value: 0.003) and alcohol consumption (p-value: 0.037) were found to be significantly associated with HIV-risk sexual behavior.Conclusions: Future interventions on HIV prevention should focus on empowering young FSWs with condom negotiation skills in order to increase condom use. It is also recommended to include information about alcohol consumption and its relationship with HIV-risk behavior in order to have better health outcomes for FSW
Clot characterization by multidisciplinary approach: biochemical and imaging parameters in a hypocoagulative setting. A pilot study.
Full text linkBackground: Clot characterization is, to the present days, a multimodal approach: scanning the clot by electron microscopy (SEM) is helpful for the visualization of fibrin structure along with laboratory parameters such as the clot waveform analysis (CWA) and thrombin generation in different settings of clot abnormalities. This study aimed to assess whether the coagulative parameters were consistent with the clot images texture acquired by SEM, and therefore to propose a more generalist and integrative approach to clots classification.Design and Methods: In this pilot study, the examined population consists of eight healthy subjects, seven patients affected by Acquired Hemophilia A (AHA) and seven patients treated with Vitamin K Antagonists (VKAs), similar for age and gender. We studied the velocity and acceleration (1st and 2nd derivative of the aPTT) of clot formation (CWA), the thrombin generation, and the clots' scanning by SEM. Images acquired with SEM were then analyzed with the MATLAB software with the "Texture Analysis" methods to perform classification. Among the various texture parameters, we reported Contrast and Energy.Results: Significant differences among healthy subjects, patients with AHA and those treated with VKAs were detected for the coagulative parameters. We found no differences between VKAs and AHA patients. Contrast and energy highlighted a significant difference among the three groups in agreement with the laboratory's parameters. We found no significant differences between VKAs and AHA patients.Conclusions: The use of SEM, CWA and thrombin generation parameters may be a starting point for studies aimed to demonstrate the general characteristics of clot formation in different clinical conditions with a multiparametric approach
Effectiveness of self-management on adherence to self-care and on health status among elderly people with hypertension
Full text linkBackground: Adherence to self-care is the goal of nursing care for elderly people with hypertension to give them optimal functional health status. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of self-management on adherence to self-care and management of health status elderly people living with hypertension in Pekanbaru City. Design and methods: This study design was quasi-experimental with a pre-post test with a control group. The self-management intervention was provided through four home visits to elderly people living with hypertension with a caregiver. Samples were taken by the consecutive sampling technique, and a total number 134 elderly people were participants. The instruments used were the adherence to self-care questionnaire and the Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF12) for elderly people.Results: The results showed that most of the respondents with hypertension were 60-74 years of age (84.3%), were female (67.9%), of Minang ethnicity (48.5%), had completed primary school (44%), were unemployed (81.3) %), had a family history of hypertension (50%), were non-smokers (52.2%), and had never drunk alcohol (95.5%). The effects of self-management were positive on adherence to caring for themselves (p<0.001) and on health status (p<0.001). The most influencing factor on self-care compliance and health status after being controlled by confounding variables was self-management (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study recommends that nursing interventions on self-management for elderly people with hypertension in the community and should be integrated into the Community Health Nurses’ (Perkesmas) program in Indonesia. 
The evaluation of effect Gammarana intervention to reducing stunting during the Covid-19 pandemic: Protocol evaluation of stunting intervention in Enrekang District
Full text linkBackground: Evaluation of large-scale stunting interventions in Indonesia has never been carried out, because it found limited sensitive and specific interventions that were carried out massively at the village level. The provincial government of South Sulawesi Indonesia in 2020 has implemented a stunting intervention model called Gammarana. The purpose of this evaluation is to analyze the impact of Gammarana on changes in stunting at the project site. Location project as many as 30 villages with a population estimated 60,000. Design and Methods: Evaluation in this study using a retrospective method and internal and external audit to document potential, then validated after the field visit Gammarana first phase in 2020. Basic Logic Model evaluation model with 22 indicators (input, process, secondary output and primary output). Proving the effect of Gammarana on changes in stunting by comparing the phenomena in the comparison village.Results: The comparison villages were set as equal and comparable in 13 indicators that could disturb the study conclusions. The result of the initial condition is that the conditions of the two villages of Gammarana and Villages Comparison are seen as the same in various characteristics, so that whatever the results of this evaluation study are believed to be the impact of Gammarana Project.Conclusions: this protocol eligible to evaluation of Gammarana Project Intervention in Enrekang District, South Sulawesi Indonesia
Principal Component Analysis of the Social and Behavioral Rhythms Scale in elderly
Full text linkBackground: Changes in social and behavioral rhythms (SBR) in elderly are related to health status. Nevertheless, there is no data on factor analysis of the Brief Social Rhythm Scale (BSRS) an internationally well-known tool in this field. The aim was to analyze, in elderly, the factorial structure of the Italian version of BSRS.Design and Methods: Principal Component Analysis of the BSRS carried out in elderly living at home.Results: Sample of 141 participants (83 Females, 58,9%), aged 72.3±4.8. All the items of the questionnaire were related and could compose a single factor, explaining 56% of variance. A solution adopting two factors, the first (including items 1,2,3,4,9,10), the second (including items 5,6,7,8), covered cumulatively 78.8% of the variance.Conclusion: The study confirms that the BSRS is consistent with the idea for which it was built and can be useful for the study of regularity of SBR in old adults
Impact of childhood and maternal vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis in Colombia
Full text linkBackground: In Latin America, there are few studies of the impact of vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. We estimate the impact of infant and maternal vaccination on the incidence of these diseases in Colombia.Design and methods: an interrupted time series study analyzing the incidence before and after of vaccination with DwPT (1975-2018) and with Tdap in pregnant women (2008-2018). A segmented regression model with negative binomial distribution estimated the change in level and trend of the predicted incidence ratio after vaccination in relation to the incidence if vaccination had not been started (IRR), using a Prais Winsten regression.Results: The pertussis IRR decreased immediately after the start of childhood vaccination (0.91, p=0.51), but this was only significant (1.01, p<0.001) along with the trend per year, after the start of maternal vaccination (0.98, p<0.001). In the absence of vaccination, the incidence would not have been reduced. Neonatal tetanus had the highest rate of change with significant reduction -1.69 - CI 95%: -2.91, -0.48). The trend after vaccination was the highest with an annual reduction of 19% (0.81, p=0.001). The change in incidence of diphtheria was significant, although slow (-0.02 - CI 95%: -0.04, -0.004). The sustained effect in the post-vaccination period was smaller (0.95, p=0.79).Conclusions: Childhood and maternal vaccination markedly reduced the incidence of pertussis and neonatal tetanus. It is necessary to maintain optimal vaccination coverage and surveillance, within an integrated elimination plan, which prevents the resurgence of these diseases
A web-based intervention is feasible for supporting weight loss and increased activity in rural women with arthritis
Full text linkRural women have well documented health disparities, with higher prevalence of obesity and chronic conditions, including arthritis. Change in weight and actigraph-recorded data were examined in a subset of 63 of 82 women with physician-diagnosed arthritis who completed a 30-month web-based clinical trial. Repeated measures analyses showed women lost weight from baseline to six months, slowly regained at 18 and 30 months, ending with a lower weight than baseline F(1,62)=40.89, p < .001, η2p =.40. Of 53 women with complete data, activity increased at six months, decreased at 18 months, and increased at 30 months F(1,52)=4.14, p =.04, η2p=.07. Women showed improved change in weight and activity from baseline at six, 18 and 30 months. This study adds support that web-based programs may promote weight loss and activity in a hard-to-reach, underserved population of midlife and older rural women with arthritis.  
Industrial traumatism and occupational morbidity in mining industry of Kazakhstan
Full text linkThis article presents data in the dynamics on industrial injuries and occupational morbidity in the mining industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The aim of this study is to analyze occupational injuries and occupational diseases between 2008 and 2018. An analysis of the number of victims of accidents, including those who died from accidents at work during the period, shows indicators of occupational injuries in the gender aspect, the outcome of accidents by degrees of severity and the material consequences of accidents. During the analyzed period, the overall level of occupational injuries and occupational morbidity in the country remains high. The material consequences of accidents, in addition to social damage, bring great material losses to the state.  
Social determinants of overweight and obesity in Paraguayan adults using quantile regression
Full text linkBackground: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the double burden of malnutrition as the new face of malnutrition. This is a serious problem in Latin American countries, especially Paraguay, which has a high obesity rate. This study aimed to gather data to inform a national strategy for confronting the double-burden challenge in Paraguay by 1) identifying whether the body mass index (BMI) of study subjects differed significantly according to social determinants, and 2) assessing the factors affecting BMI and the extent of their impact according to BMI quantile levels.
Design and Methods. Data were collected using a questionnaire adapted from the WHO World Health Survey. We collected 2,200 responses from September 16 to October 7, 2018. After excluding the questionnaires with missing data, we analyzed 1,994 respondents aged 17 years and older living in Limpio, Paraguay. The analyses included t-test and chi-squared test to identify significant differences and 10th quantile regression to assess associations.
Results. Analyses showed significant differences in participants’ BMI levels based on age and diagnoses of diabetes or hypertension. In quantile regression analyses, age was significantly associated with BMI quantiles at all but one level. Educational attainment was significantly associated with the 10%–40% and 60%–70% quantiles of BMI.
Conclusions. Age, education level, diabetes, and hypertension were significant predictors of obesity. Obesity programs that focus on people aged more than 60 years are required. In addition, targeted nutritional education may be a useful intervention
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthy eating among public school teachers in Kuwait
No full textBackground: Healthy food is essential for strengthening the body and protecting it from diseases. Conversely, unhealthy food can cause severe diseases in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice among teachers about healthy food and to examine the associated factors.Design and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire distributed to 300 teachers in the Hawalli and Al-Jahra educational areas in Kuwait over approximately six months in 2019.Results: Those who participated in a course had significantly greater knowledge than those who did not (p=0.005). The respondents in Hawalli had a significantly lower mean attitude than Al-Jahrah teachers (7.9 ± 1.5 vs 8.2±1.5, respectively; p=0.03).Conclusions: Limited knowledge combined with a low level of positive attitude suggests an ongoing educational workshop should be established to promote healthy nutrition