Law and Safety (E-Journal - Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs) / Право і безпека (Харківський національний університет внутрішніх справ)
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ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІНТЕРНЕТ-ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ ДЛЯ ОТРИМАННЯ ОПЕРАТИВНО-РОЗШУКОВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ
Get PDFThe article considers the essence and prospects of using modern Internet technologies in operational search activities when searching for information in the interests of law enforcement agencies. Attention is paid to the ways of obtaining information in the Internet and the application of information processing technologies with the help of Big Data.
Today in the world there is an intensive transfer of almost all available information in digital format. According to some expert estimates, “the figure” does not cover about 4–5 % of the information. And the vast majority of such information is stored on magnetic storage media in computer systems that have a connection to the global network. Of course, this opens up unlimited possibilities for prompt information retrieval. However, the analysis of non-structured data generated by various sources remains a difficult task for which modern day conceptual approaches in the form of Big Data are formed.
A number of problems have been identified that need to be solved for the effective use of information obtained from the global network to solve the tasks of operational-search activity.Розглянуто сутність і перспективи використання сучасних інтернет-технологій в оперативно-розшуковій діяльності під час пошуку та використання інформації в інтересах правоохоронних органів. Охарактеризовано способи здобуття інформації в мережі Інтернет та застосування технологій обробки інформації за допомогою Big Data. Окреслено низку проблем, які мають бути вирішені для ефективного використання інформації, здобутою із глобальної мережі для вирішення завдань оперативно-розшукової діяльності
ПРОЦЕСУАЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЗАПОБІЖНИХ ЗАХОДІВ, ЩО ОБИРАЮТЬСЯ ДО ОСОБИ, СТОСОВНО ЯКОЇ ПЕРЕДБАЧАЄТЬСЯ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПРИМУСОВИХ ЗАХОДІВ МЕДИЧНОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ
Get PDFThe procedural characteristic to special preventive measures, such as the transfer to care of guardians, close relatives or family members with mandatory medical supervision and placement in a psychiatric institution in conditions that exclude the dangerous behavior, has been provided. Special attention is paid to the fact that today the current criminal procedural law does not define the concept of these preventive measures, the procedure for their selection or change, the terms of application. In this regard, it has been suggested to provide certain norms dealing with the settlement of this issue at the level of the Criminal Procedural Code (CPC) of Ukraine.
The issue of medical supervision over a mentally ill person has been separately considered. It has been stated that the CPC of Ukraine does not contain provisions on the interpretation of this provision, the main points of appropriate medical supervision, the procedure, terms of provision and frequency of such supervision. In this regard, special attention was paid to the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Psychiatric Aid” that the supervision may take place both in outpatient and inpatient psychiatric care.
The procedure for the use of a preventive measure in the form of placing a person in a psychiatric institution in conditions that exclude the dangerous behavior has been analyzed in detail. It has been indicated that the essential shortcoming of the current CPC of Ukraine is the lack of a clear definition of the procedure for placing a person in a psychiatric institution, the terms of application of such a measure or its continuation. At the same time, this preventive measure is actually equivalent to the most severe preventive measure – detention. Besides, a person is placed to a medical institution against his will and, most often, against the will of close relatives or family members. When applying this preventive measure to a person, the person is in conditions that restrict him in the right to liberty and personal integrity. In this regard, it has been offered to establish the period of application of this preventive measure in accordance with the rules for determining the term of detention.
The author has also studied the issue of the possibility of appealing the use of preventive measures for a mentally ill person. The author has offered to provide among the decisions of an investigating judge that are to be appealed during the pre-trial investigation, a decision on the application of a preventive measure in the form of placing a person in a psychiatric institution in conditions that exclude the dangerous behavior, as well as the decision to extend the term in the Art. 309 of the CPC of Ukraine.Надано процесуальну характеристику спеціальним запобіжним заходам, зокрема таким, як передання на піклування опікунам, близьким родичам або членам сім’ї з обов’язковим лікарським наглядом та поміщення до психіатричного закладу в умовах, що виключають небезпечну поведінку особи. Запропоновано на рівні КПК України передбачити окремі норми, присвячені врегулюванню поняття цих запобіжних заходів, порядку та строків їх застосування
ПОНЯТТЯ ТА ВИДИ ПРИНЦИПІВ ЮРИДИЧНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ
Get PDFIt has been established that the principles of legal liability are the main guiding ideas that characterize the nature and purpose of legal liability, determine the procedure of its laying and fixed in formal sources, constitution, laws and international treaties.
It has been proved that depending on the scope of the principles of legal liability within the system of law one should isolate general legal, intersectorial principles of legal liability.
General legal principles of legal liability are common to all types (forms) of this legal phenomenon, regardless of the specifics of method and the subject of legal regulation of a particular field of law. These include the principles of legality, reasonableness, fairness, feasibility, inevitability, timeliness.
Intersectorial principles of legal liability are starting, guiding principles of several related fields of law, characterizing the nature and purpose of legal liability, determine the procedure of its laying and fixed in regulatory acts that are sources of related areas of law. Examples of intersectorial principles of legal liability are the principle of responsibility for the guilt, the principle of responsibility without guilt.
Sectoral principles of legal liability are basic (guiding) principles, which characterize the nature and purpose of a particular (sectoral) type of legal liability, determine the procedure of its laying and fixed in the sources of law of a particular field of law.Сформулировано определение принципов юридической ответственности, проведена их классификация. В зависимости от сферы действия принципов выделены общеправовые, межотраслевые, отраслевые принципы юридической ответственности.Сформульовано визначення принципів юридичної відповідальності, проведено їх класифікацію. Залежно від сфери дії виокремлено загально правові, міжгалузеві, галузеві принципи юридичної відповідальності