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AI-Driven Smart Contracts: Enhancing Consumer Protection or Exacerbating Consumer Protection Challenges?
No full textThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into smart contracts holds the potential to both enhance and exacerbate consumer protection challenges. Since the AI system embedded within the contract’s code enables a high degree of contractual personalisation – by tailoring the legal agreement to the unique characteristics of the targeted individual consumer, thanks to its capacity to process large amounts of personal and behavioural data in real time – it opens the door not only to scenarios of AI-powered consumer manipulation, but also to the promising opportunity of a consumer-centric AI. Such an AI would serve the consumer’s best interests by adapting the contract to their specific needs and preferences, while protecting them from – rather than exploiting – their information, cognitive, and digital vulnerabilities. This research aims to assess whether the EU legal framework – particularly the UCPD, UCTD, AI Act, GDPR, and DSA – adequately ensures that these technologies are designed and deployed with the consumer’s well-being at their core. The paper explores AI-related risks such as digital manipulation, personal data exploitation, and the black-box problem inherent in algorithmic opacity, while also addressing the liability challenge in cases of consumer harm. Ultimately, it seeks to answer whether AI-driven smart contracts can truly foster a high level of consumer protection in the AI era, by offering novel interpretations of the existing legal framework and advancing proposals for reform aligned with the fairness-by-design approach and informed by behavioural science insights
A HISTORICAL-COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF USI CIVICI AND DEMANI COLLETTIVI IN SICILY. MINIMAL SUGGESTIONS FOR PROTECTIVE MEASURES
No full textThe research analyses models of land governance, focusing speci!callyon Sicilian usi civici and demani collettivi. By examining the historical genotypes andphenotypes of these institutions, the study identi!es their foundational elementsand explores their evolution in Sicily compared to the rest of Italy. Factors such asinsularity, the late subversion of feudalism and the persistence of the latifundiumestate have led to management phenotypes that are distinct from the participatorymodels typical of central-northern Italy, favoring an individualistic and sometimespredatory approach. Additionally, the transition to modernity and the abolition offeudalism in Sicily, including the liquidation of collective state property and usicivici in the early twentieth century, followed a distinctive path.While the special status of the Sicilian Regional Statute played a role, the differingimplementation of the 1927 law and principles of urban planning had a moresigni!cant impact on these processes.In light of this historical-comparative analysis, the research explores the potentialfor renewing the management of the remaining demani collettivi in Sicily. Itquestions the assumption that the region's exclusive jurisdiction necessarily leadsto a divergence from the organizational models of other Italian regions.The methodology combines inductive and deductive approaches, case studies andanalyses of legislative, judicial and doctrinal sources, supplemented by reportsfrom state administrators and interviews with key actors. The ultimate objective isto propose solutions that focus not on the constitution or re-establishment ofthe demani civici, but rather on the management of what remains, to enhance theprotection and conservation of the Sicilian territory, aligning it with contemporaryneeds for sustainability and preserving it in the interest of future generations.The research analyses models of land governance, focusing speci!callyon Sicilian usi civici and demani collettivi. By examining the historical genotypes andphenotypes of these institutions, the study identi!es their foundational elementsand explores their evolution in Sicily compared to the rest of Italy. Factors such asinsularity, the late subversion of feudalism and the persistence of the latifundiumestate have led to management phenotypes that are distinct from the participatorymodels typical of central-northern Italy, favoring an individualistic and sometimespredatory approach. Additionally, the transition to modernity and the abolition offeudalism in Sicily, including the liquidation of collective state property and usicivici in the early twentieth century, followed a distinctive path.While the special status of the Sicilian Regional Statute played a role, the differingimplementation of the 1927 law and principles of urban planning had a moresigni!cant impact on these processes.In light of this historical-comparative analysis, the research explores the potentialfor renewing the management of the remaining demani collettivi in Sicily. Itquestions the assumption that the region's exclusive jurisdiction necessarily leadsto a divergence from the organizational models of other Italian regions.The methodology combines inductive and deductive approaches, case studies andanalyses of legislative, judicial and doctrinal sources, supplemented by reportsfrom state administrators and interviews with key actors. The ultimate objective isto propose solutions that focus not on the constitution or re-establishment ofthe demani civici, but rather on the management of what remains, to enhance theprotection and conservation of the Sicilian territory, aligning it with contemporaryneeds for sustainability and preserving it in the interest of future generations
«Inventare un intero sistema linguistico»: Pasolini traduttore di Stefan George
No full textA partire dall’Ottocento, la prassi della traduzione è stata un canale formidabile per arricchire la lingua e la letteratura friulana di nuove espressioni. Se a cavallo fra i due secoli gli scrittori soprattutto goriziani si impegnarono ad allargare il ventaglio degli autori, nel tentativo di trasporre fedelmente il testo poetico di partenza, più avanti, con Pasolini e l’Academiuta di lenga furlana, si mirò invece alla libera ri-creazione poetica, mediante la ricerca dei valori musicali e simbolici di una varietà marginale e non scritta. Pasolini sceglie di prendere le distanze dalle precedenti esperienze di traduzione, ritenute degradanti, e di lavorare su un piano di equivalenza tra lingue, innestando il friulano in una tradizione letteraria di respiro europeo. Le sue traduzioni, che insistono su un delicato sforzo di sostituzioni foniche e melodiche, interessano una decina di lingue e numerosi autori; tra questi spicca Stefan George, il quale probabilmente ha suscitato l’attenzione del giovane Pasolini anche per aver condotto esperimenti poetici in una lingua letteraria di propria invenzione.
From the nineteenth century onwards, the translation has become a formidable channel to enrich Friulian language and literature with new expressions. When the writers from Gorizia, at the turn of the century, widened the range of translated authors, the translation arose as an attempt to faithfully transpose the source poetic text. Later, with Pasolini and his Academiuta di lenga furlana, translation became instead a free poetical re-creation, an imitation which relies on the musical and symbolic values of a marginal and mostly oral language. Pasolini chose to distance himself from previous translation experiences, which he considered degrading, and to work on a level of equivalence between languages, grafting Friulian into a European literary tradition. His translations, which insist on a delicate effort of phonic and melodic substitutions, involve a dozen languages and numerous authors; among these stands out Stefan George, who probably also attracted the young Pasolini’s attention for having conducted po-etic experiments in a literary language of his own invention
Post scriptum: «Non ho mai saputo raccontare una storia». : Posologie dei generi tra letteratura e filosofia.
No full textThe halting steps of one of his confessions will lead us to Jacques Derrida’s earliest interests, that is whatliterature welcomes better than philosophy. From the beginning of his research, indeed, it is well known that Derrida has set his work as a question sur l'écriture, an “interrogation” conducted on the border between literature and philosophy, finding compelling reasons in atypical places, like among the bandages of a deserted tomb, where the “game” of writing becomes also a question de resposonsabilité. It is still worth revisiting those vie rupte of deconstruction where Derrida lets the writing precipitate in the prism of the text. Here, in the meantime a story is told, beyond the law of the genre, beyond literature and philosophy, traces of another story are also left, asking, like an unexpected guest (or ghost), to be included in the philosophical-Western’s heritage, made up of Postcardsthat eerily mix the history of address and delivery by opening the possibility of a disaster
Tracing the choreographic innovation at Rome Opera House: Three case studies from 1990 to 2010
No full textThis text is part of a larger research* that examines the notion of choreographic innovation at the Rome Opera House in relation to the cultural policies in Italy from the 1960s to the present day. Having examined the contents of the historical archive of the Rome Opera House (programme notes, press articles and reviews, photos and audiovisual material), the research analyses three specific case studies:
La Serata Giovani Coreografi Europei (1991) with works by Mauro Bigonzetti, Lionel Hoche, Jean-Pierre Aviotte and Kim van der Boon
the remaking of Coppelia (1994) by Bigonzetti and
an evening dedicated to La Danza d'Autore (2010) with pieces by Virgilio Sieni, Michele Abbondanza / Antonella Bertoni and Lindsay Kemp.
The three evening-length cases were produced by Rome Opera House, under the artistic direction of the corps de ballet by Elisabetta Terabust, Giuseppe Carbone and Micha van Hoecke and they were presented at the adjacent stages of the institution: Teatro Nazionale and Teatro Brancaccio. By focusing on these choreographic cases and approaching innovation as a dialogical process of rethinking but also breaking with the ballet tradition, the text investigates the institutional frame of these curatorial choices in relation to the cultural policies from which they emerged and it offers an opportunity to trace moments of contemporary making at the Rome Opera House, whose role in choreographic innovation has received little attention so far
La pitié est-elle méprisante ? Réflexions sur les métamorphoses de la notion de pitié (de Rousseau à Wollstonecraft)
No full textDrawing on an analysis of the semantic ambiguities of pity and the pitiful, this paper seeks to highlight the tensions inherent in the concept as it appears in Rousseau’s work. The sentiment that inclines one to assist the destitute, akin to the Christian virtue of charity, cannot easily be transposed into terms of obligation. Furthermore, active beneficence presupposes the power of the helper and is therefore incompatible with the equality of beings that compassionate identification expresses. Finally, when pity takes the form of distributive justice, it distinguishes among those to whom it is addressed according to ambivalent criteria. The hypothesis is thus advanced of a rupture with the logic of pity in favour of equality of rights. Following Wollstonecraft (and opposing Rousseau), such a rupture with respect to women’s rights entails a critique of the contempt inherent in pity, as well as an adherence to an ideal of independence which is not without its own difficulties
Sul concetto di prudenza in Francisco Suárez
No full textBy examining Francisco Suárez’s writings on prudence, this article challenges interpretations that align his conception with early modern, politically oriented notions of prudence. According to this interpretation, prudence would be considered as a skill related to the political life, a practical wisdom that primarily regards the sphere of human action, connected to justice. Focusing on three moral treatises (De voluntario et involuntario in genere, De bonitate et malitia humanorum actuum and De actibus, qui vocantur passiones), this paper argues instead that Suárez understands prudence in continuity with 13th- and 14th-century scholastic thought, especially Thomas Aquinas. Prudentia is in fact conceived by Suárez as a cardinal and intellectual virtue, a connecting principle between the other virtues, an indispensable basis for good action, supported by the action of grace. Although concerned with the circumstances of active life, prudence ultimately remains ordered to wisdom (sapientia) and oriented toward the contemplative life
