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No full textCrossing Borders: Ernesto De Martino and the ArtsAttraverso i confini: Ernesto De Martino e le art
La Rhetorica ad Herennium, Cicerone e l’origine dei progymnasmata
No full textThis paper aims to shed light on the earliest stages of the teaching tradition of the “preliminary exercises” (progymnasmata). The evidence provided by Cicero (especially in De inventione) and the Rhetorica ad Herennium, although it can also be traced back to the field of rhetorical exercitatio, offers no proof of the existence of a well-defined “series” of exercises at the beginning of the 1st century BC – exercises conceived as the first stage of oratorical training in preparation for declamations. This suggests that the issue around the earliest dating of such training should be left open, acknowledging the limits that the fragmentary nature of the sources imposes on our ability to reconstruct in de-tail the history of the development of these exercises.Cette contribution vise à éclairer les phases les plus anciennes de la tradition d’enseignement des « exercices préliminaires » (progymnasmata). Les témoignages fournis par Cicéron (notamment dans le De inventione) et par la Rhétorique à Hérennius, qui peuvent également être rattachés au domaine de l’exercitatio rhétorique, n’apportent aucune preuve de l’existence, dès le début du Ier siècle av. J.-C., d’une « série » bien définie d’exercices, conçue comme la première phase de la formation oratoire en vue de la déclamation. Il convient donc de laisser prudemment ouverte cette question, en reconnaissant les limites que le caractère fragmentaire des sources impose à notre capacité de reconstructionIl presente contributo si propone di gettare qualche luce sulle fasi più antiche della tradizione di insegnamento degli “esercizi preliminari” (progymnasmata). Le testimonianze offerte da Cicerone (soprattutto nel De inventione) e dalla Rhetorica ad Herennium, che pure sono riconducibili all’ambito dell’exercitatio retorica, non offrono alcuna prova dell’esistenza, già all’inizio del I secolo a.C., di una “serie” ben definita di esercizi, concepita come prima fase dell’addestramento oratorio in preparazione alle declamazioni. Questo consiglia di lasciare la questione prudentemente aperta, riconoscendo i limiti che la condizione frammentaria delle fonti impone alle nostre capacità di ricostruzione
The Dynamic Text: Cicero’s Tusculan Disputations and Beyond
No full textThis article focuses on the evidence of five related Carolingian manuscripts (GVRKF) and what they reveal about the history of the Tusculans in the ninth century and earlier. Productive questions issue from three characteristics of the transmitted text: (1) its material organization; (2) corrections, variants, and notes entered by an active corrector (V2) in one of the ninth-century manuscripts, Vat. lat. 3246 (V); and (3) the potential presence of doublets. Connecting these three issues is an attitude towards Ciceronian speech that treats it as dynamic, fluid, and open. Persistent circular movements in Ciceronian discourse suggest that he himself viewed his speech in this way. And there is evidence of a similar attitude towards Ciceronian speech in the transmission of the Tusculans – in the material embodiment of the text, and in certain historical readers’ engagement with it. In the final portion of the article, a system of cross-references is proposed as a means to address the dynamism of Ciceronian speech. Cross-references are necessary both for a better understanding of Ciceronian methods and for making informed and more nuanced judgments about the textual-critical status of passages.Cet article se concentre sur les preuves fournies par cinq manuscrits carolingiens apparentés (GVRKF) et sur ce qu’ils révèlent de l’histoire des Tusculanae au IXe siècle et auparavant. Trois caractéristiques du texte transmis soulèvent des questions intéressantes : (1) son organisation matérielle ; (2) les corrections, variantes et notes ajoutées par un correcteur (V2) actif dans l’un des manuscrits du IXe siècle, Vat. lat. 3246 (V) ; et (3) la présence potentielle de doublets. Ces trois questions sont reliées par une lecture du discours cicéronien, considéré comme dynamique, fluide et ouvert. Les mouvements circulaires persistants dans celui-ci suggèrent qu’il voyait lui-même son discours de cette manière. Il existe également des preuves d’une attitude similaire envers le discours cicéronien dans la transmission des Tusculanae – dans la matérialisation du texte et dans l’engagement de certains lecteurs historiques à son égard. Dans la dernière partie de l’article, un système de renvois est proposé afin d’aborder le dynamisme du discours cicéronien. Les renvois sont nécessaires à la fois pour mieux comprendre les méthodes cicéroniennes et pour porter des jugements éclairés et plus nuancés sur le statut textuel critique des passagesQuesto articolo si concentra sulle prove fornite da cinque manoscritti carolingi correlati (GVRKF) e su ciò che rivelano riguardo alla storia delle Tusculanae nel IX secolo e nei secoli precedenti. Tre caratteristiche del testo tràdito sollevano interrogativi interessanti: (1) la sua organizzazione materiale; (2) le correzioni, le varianti e le note inserite da un correttore (V2) attivo in uno dei manoscritti del IX secolo, Vat. lat. 3246 (V); e (3) la potenziale presenza di doppioni. A collegare questi tre aspetti è un atteggiamento nei confronti del discorso ciceroniano che lo considera dinamico, fluido e aperto. I movimenti circolari che persistono in esso suggeriscono che egli stesso vedeva il proprio discorso in questo modo. E vi sono prove di un atteggiamento simile nella trasmissione delle Tusculanae, nella materialità del testo e nell’impegno di alcuni lettori storici nei suoi confronti. Nella parte finale dell’articolo viene proposto un sistema di riferimenti incrociati come mezzo per affrontare il dinamismo del discorso ciceroniano. I riferimenti incrociati sono necessari sia per una migliore comprensione dei metodi ciceroniani, sia per formulare giudizi informati e più sfumati sullo status critico-testuale dei passi
[rec. di] L. DE CRESCENZO, "Triste cosa è esser donna: la femminilità degenerata secondo Abel Botelho", Edizioni dell'Orso, Alessandria, 2024
No full textThe riddle of the crane: Multispecies coexistence and the case of Dhanauri (Uttar Pradesh, India)
No full textMetaphor of unconditional love, devotion, empathy and compassion, the giant Indian crane, or Sarus Crane, is a topos of Indian literature: its song is capable of evoking the plots of an aesthetic, lyrical and spiritual search. Sung in epic and myth, this animal today stands as a symbol of Environmental Humanities in India, despite its increasingly threatened conservation status. This article focuses on the case of Dhanauri Wetlands, illustrating the complexity of multispecies coexistence between endangered animals and a human society in full transformation. The Dhanauri oasis, not yet officially recognized as a protected ‘Ramsar’ site, stands as a bastion of environmentalism in a paradigmatic struggle for resilience against the rampant urbanization and industrialization of the Indian doab
Love and sorrow: On the sentience of ‘common’ animals in the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa
No full textFrom the very beginning with the episode of the krauñcavadha, the Rāmāyaṇa shows in many passages the awareness that animals, or rather some of their species, love and suffer both mentally and physically, and that many animals can feel emotions. This paper is intended above all to be a review of passages in which these attitudes of the poem appear to be expressed. Of course, we are not dealing here in any way with the vānaras, the monkeys, or the great anthropomorphized vultures, but with some of the common animals mentioned by the poem. The identification of the sentience of animals we wish to highlight clearly derives from observation and empathy, and not from processes of anthropomorphization. This sentience is often expressed by similes, upamās, some of which are consolidated into recurring images, and in some cases are on the verge of becoming, or have already become, conventional expressions, without necessarily losing their strength. These similes directly relate human beings to the animals that form the second terms of comparison. In this way, the sensations, emotions and feelings of the animals involved are placed on the same level as those of humans. More generally, the greater or lesser elaboration of these associations reflects the different level of relationships and closeness, which may also be affective, for certain animals compared to others
When Maḥfūẓ wrote about the 1967 defeat: (Re)reading Taḥt al-miẓalla (1969) and al-Ḥubb taḥt al-maṭar (1973, 2023)
No full textThe 1967 defeat remains one of the most dreadful moments in modern Arab history. Rapid and violent, it shook the foundations of the political order and dismantled the myth of Nasser and his anti-colonial project. This crisis had lasting consequences on the trajectory of post-1967 Arab literature and intellectual thought. This article seeks to explore Maḥfūẓ’s depiction of national trauma through a close reading of two of his works written in the aftermath of the defeat: the short story Taḥt al-miẓalla (‘Under the Bus Shelter,’ 1969) and the novel al-Ḥubb taḥt al-maṭar (‘Love in the Rain,’ 1973, 2023). I argue that re-reading these works through the lens of trauma theory offers an essential dimension to their literary analysis, deepening our understanding of their significance. In applying trauma theory to this new reading, I draw on the studies by Neal (1998, 2005), Alexander et al. (2004), LaCapra (2001, 2014) and those related to decolonized trauma theory by Visser (2014), as well as studies applying a sociological approach to Arabic literature (Mehrez 1994; Jacquemond 2008), which have been fundamental resources. Both works exemplify Maḥfūẓ’s sincere commitment to the socio-political realities of his country, as well as his innovative narrative techniques that capture the complexities of the world he seeks to portray
Narrating trauma in women‘s literature: Exploring South Sudan and Darfur in Arwāḥ Iddū (‘Edo’s Souls’) by Istīlā Qāytānū and ‘Tears of the desert’ by Ḥalīmah Bašīr
No full textThis article examines the lived experiences of women in South Sudan and Darfur, the coping mechanisms they developed in response to wartime trauma, and the ways these experiences are both shaped by and reflected in the traumatic literature authored by Sudanese women. These writers made the deliberate decision to leave their homeland in pursuit of safety and peace, yet they continue to bear witness to their nation’s suffering through their narratives. The article explores the impact of trauma not only as a lived condition but also as a critical framework through which Sudanese women's literature can be interpreted.
At the core of this inquiry is an analysis of the deeply painful and often shocking experiences endured by women, as well as the burdensome social roles and expectations imposed upon them during both war and so-called peace. It foregrounds the harmful cultural attitudes that hold women accountable for conflicts they neither initiated nor controlled—resulting in shame, isolation, and the fragmentation of family and community. The article contends that the years of violence in Darfur and South Sudan have given rise to a powerful body of literature authored by women displaced from their homes and histories. Trauma and violence, it argues, function not only as thematic concerns but as structural forces that shape the very form and expression of these narratives. Trauma becomes a reciprocal force—both the subject of and the lens through which women's war literature in the Sudanese context is written and understood
Quando le immagini integrano un testo perduto: i casi della Perikeiromene e dei Sicioni
No full textQuando le immagini integrano un testo perduto: i casi della Perikeiromene e dei Sicion