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Beyond “Ethnographic Spectacle”: Italian South in Demartinian Ethnographic Documentaries
No full textErnesto De Martino wrote extensively about ancient religious and pagan rituals in the South such as funeral lament, sorcery, Apulian tarantism. His research inspired a group of young filmmakers who shot documentaries in the South between the 1950s and the 1970s: Cecilia Mangini, Michele Gandin, Giuseppe Ferrara, Gianfranco Mingozzi, Lino Del Fra, Luigi Di Gianni. The aim of this article is to explore how De Martino’s assumptions were represented in these postwar documentaries. De Martino helped the filmmakers by suggesting topics and filming locations for documentaries that served primarily as an auxiliary medium for ethnographic research. Yet, rather than staging an “ethnographic spectacle” of the South, Demartinian documentaries promoted a new way of representing and understanding Southern Italian culture.Ernesto De Martino wrote extensively about ancient religious and pagan rituals in the South such as funeral lament, sorcery, Apulian tarantism. His research inspired a group of young filmmakers who shot documentaries in the South between the 1950s and the 1970s: Cecilia Mangini, Michele Gandin, Giuseppe Ferrara, Gianfranco Mingozzi, Lino Del Fra, Luigi Di Gianni. The aim of this article is to explore how De Martino’s assumptions were represented in these postwar documentaries. De Martino helped the filmmakers by suggesting topics and filming locations for documentaries that served primarily as an auxiliary medium for ethnographic research. Yet, rather than staging an “ethnographic spectacle” of the South, Demartinian documentaries promoted a new way of representing and understanding Southern Italian culture
The Dance of the Àrgia: Costantino Nivola, Ernesto De Martino, and the Crisis of Presence
No full textThe essay investigates Costantino Nivola’s engagement with Ernesto de Martino’s concept of the “crisis of presence,” which informs Nivola’s exploration of displacement and rootedness, reflecting his attempts to reconcile his Sardinian identity with the alienation of exile. Drawing from Sardinian folklore, especially the ritual of the Àrgia described by de Martino and Clara Gallini, Nivola channels the mythological and therapeutic dimensions of this exorcism rite into his work. De Martino’s thought provides a critical foundation for understanding how Nivola reinterprets the maiden, the mother, and the widow as symbols of the feminine principle, embodying both the redemptive and destabilizing forces of tradition.The essay investigates Costantino Nivola’s engagement with Ernesto de Martino’s concept of the “crisis of presence,” which informs Nivola’s exploration of displacement and rootedness, reflecting his attempts to reconcile his Sardinian identity with the alienation of exile. Drawing from Sardinian folklore, especially the ritual of the Àrgia described by de Martino and Clara Gallini, Nivola channels the mythological and therapeutic dimensions of this exorcism rite into his work. De Martino’s thought provides a critical foundation for understanding how Nivola reinterprets the maiden, the mother, and the widow as symbols of the feminine principle, embodying both the redemptive and destabilizing forces of tradition
Decolonizing and/or Re-appropriating De Martino’s ‘Scattered’ Multimodal Archive?
No full textErnesto De Martino had initially intended to create a systematically prepared «cinematographic encyclopedia» – and the first entry was to be a three-minute film clip called Lamento funebre by Michele Gandin from 1954. This encyclopedia was never realized, but I argue that De Martino’s expeditions to southern Italy were part of his project later coined as umanesimo etnografico (2002 [1977]) in the context of which he intended to use the media film and photography to propagate his «critical ethnocentrism» and to foster the understanding of Southern Italian magic-religious rituals – such as Lucanian funerary lament and Apulian tarantism – as cultural embankments of marginalized rural population in the face of existential crises. In the reception of the multimodal proceedings of De Martino’s ‘expeditions’, this approach has been misconstrued as an extractivist practice that led to misrepresentations – as either demonizing or romanticizing images of people’s misery in the Mezzogiorno. Today, local artists (re)appropriate the traces of the ‘scattered’ archive in attempts to contest it or, to incorporate it into quasi-identitarian discourses about being southern Italian. In my contribution I take a closer look at the works of photographer Alessia Rollo in particular, who aims to decolonize the Demartinian archive by manipulating material visual objects. The British Journal of Photography asserts that «[t]hrough this heightened aesthetic, Rollo valorises the magical and establishes an alternative visual language to the clinical documents of the archives.” In contrast, I argue that De Martino’s ethnographic practice was far from producing “clinical documents” and rather exposed the progressive, emancipative, and forward-looking potential of magic-ritual practices on the one hand, and the use of multimodal media as research tools and modes of engagement on the other.Ernesto De Martino had initially intended to create a systematically prepared «cinematographic encyclopedia» – and the first entry was to be a three-minute film clip called Lamento funebre by Michele Gandin from 1954. This encyclopedia was never realized, but I argue that De Martino’s expeditions to southern Italy were part of his project later coined as umanesimo etnografico (2002 [1977]) in the context of which he intended to use the media film and photography to propagate his «critical ethnocentrism» and to foster the understanding of Southern Italian magic-religious rituals – such as Lucanian funerary lament and Apulian tarantism – as cultural embankments of marginalized rural population in the face of existential crises. In the reception of the multimodal proceedings of De Martino’s ‘expeditions’, this approach has been misconstrued as an extractivist practice that led to misrepresentations – as either demonizing or romanticizing images of people’s misery in the Mezzogiorno. Today, local artists (re)appropriate the traces of the ‘scattered’ archive in attempts to contest it or, to incorporate it into quasi-identitarian discourses about being southern Italian. In my contribution I take a closer look at the works of photographer Alessia Rollo in particular, who aims to decolonize the Demartinian archive by manipulating material visual objects. The British Journal of Photography asserts that «[t]hrough this heightened aesthetic, Rollo valorises the magical and establishes an alternative visual language to the clinical documents of the archives.” In contrast, I argue that De Martino’s ethnographic practice was far from producing “clinical documents” and rather exposed the progressive, emancipative, and forward-looking potential of magic-ritual practices on the one hand, and the use of multimodal media as research tools and modes of engagement on the other
Recensione di Cicerón, La adivinación, El destino, Timeo, Introducción, traducción y notas de Ángel Escobar
No full textReview of Cicerón, La adivinación, El destino, Timeo, Introducción, traducción y notas de Ángel Escobar, Alianza editorial: El libro de bolsillo, Madrid 2023, 383 pp., ISBN 9788411480963.Compte-rendu de Cicerón, La adivinación, El destino, Timeo, Introducción, traducción y notas de Ángel Escobar, Alianza editorial: El libro de bolsillo, Madrid 2023, 383 pp., ISBN 9788411480963.Recensione di Cicerón, La adivinación, El destino, Timeo, Introducción, traducción y notas de Ángel Escobar, Alianza editorial: El libro de bolsillo, Madrid 2023, 383 pp., ISBN 9788411480963
Literary Celebrity in China: From Vocation to Profession: From Vocation to Profession
No full textBefore literary celebrity in China emerged as a cultural phenomenon and industry akin to the celebrity culture described by Turner (2014 [2004]), ancient China had already witnessed the existence of phenomenal – if not charismatic (Weber 2004 [1919]) – figures endowed with the extraordinary power of words, legitimate authority, and above all, an innate vocation to transform the world: the shi (writers, intellectuals, and politicians). However, China’s tumultuous modern era forced these intellectuals to recalibrate their ambitions. Entering the contemporary age, they were further required to adopt a more modest, “people-centric” narrating language to coexist with the increasingly multifaceted expression mechanism shaped by a seemingly never-ending technological evolution.
This paper first explores the unique role of the shi as intellectuals, cultural figures, and political influencers in ancient China. It then analyses their shifting vocations in modern China, as they sought to preserve, reform, or reconstruct from scratch the Chinese civilization. Finally, it investigates their complex modes of existence in contemporary China, marked by a curious “absence” from traditional media and yet a pervasive presence on new media platforms. This transformation reflects their “forced compromise” in adopting new narrative languages and modes of expression shaped by emerging technologies, ultimately raising some pressing concerns: Do words still hold power in the digital age? Has technological mediation rendered those multi-formed literary celebrities (mingren, mingliu, mingxing, wanghong, etc) more visible or invisible, more ordinary or extraordinary?Before literary celebrity in China emerged as a cultural phenomenon and industry akin to the celebrity culture described by Turner (2014 [2004]), ancient China had already witnessed the existence of phenomenal – if not charismatic (Weber 2004 [1919]) – figures endowed with the extraordinary power of words, legitimate authority, and above all, an innate vocation to transform the world: the shi (writers, intellectuals, and politicians). However, China’s tumultuous modern era forced these intellectuals to recalibrate their ambitions. Entering the contemporary age, they were further required to adopt a more modest, “people-centric” narrating language to coexist with the increasingly multifaceted expression mechanism shaped by a seemingly never-ending technological evolution.
This paper first explores the unique role of the shi as intellectuals, cultural figures, and political influencers in ancient China. It then analyses their shifting vocations in modern China, as they sought to preserve, reform, or reconstruct from scratch the Chinese civilization. Finally, it investigates their complex modes of existence in contemporary China, marked by a curious “absence” from traditional media and yet a pervasive presence on new media platforms. This transformation reflects their “forced compromise” in adopting new narrative languages and modes of expression shaped by emerging technologies, ultimately raising some pressing concerns: Do words still hold power in the digital age? Has technological mediation rendered those multi-formed literary celebrities (mingren, mingliu, mingxing, wanghong, etc) more visible or invisible, more ordinary or extraordinary
Intossicazioni alimentari e prova del cattivo stato di conservazione degli alimenti
No full textIntossicazioni alimentari e prova del cattivo stato di conservazione degli aliment
Strategie virtuose di utilizzo dei fondi regionali derivanti da sanzioni ex d.Lgs. 758/1994: La proposta dell’asl to5 per lo sviluppo dei piani mirati della prevenzione
No full textIl Piano Nazionale della Prevenzione 2020 2025, ha presentato ed incentivato lo sviluppo dei Piani Mirati di Prevenzione (PMP), strumenti in grado di organizzare, in modo sinergico, attività di assistenza e di vigilanza per le imprese, attraverso azioni di supporto fornite alle aziende da parte dei servizi S.Pre.S.A.L. delle ASL. Nel biennio 2024-2025, il servizio S.Pre.S.A.L. dell’ASL TO5, ha avviato lo sviluppo di tre PMP nei comparti dell’agricoltura, dell’edilizia e della logistica.È così che nasce il progetto destinato ad implementare lo sviluppo dei PMP, finanziando le attività aggiuntive svolte dal personale S.Pre.S.A.L., in orario non convenzionale, mediante i fondi derivanti delle sanzioni amministrative, ai sensi del D.Lgs 758/199
Analisi dei rischi clinici in radiologia domiciliare attraverso il metodo FMEA.
No full textINTRODUCTION
This study analyzes the safety risks associated with home radiology, a service that is growing due to increasing average age and chronic diseases and about which references in the literature are largely lacking.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Through a preliminary SWOT analysis, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the service were identified. Strengths include the ability to perform diagnostic examinations directly at home, reducing inconvenience for patients with mobility difficulties and improving access to care. Weaknesses include organizational complexity, low adoption by general practitioners and lack of dedicated staff. Opportunities include service expansion and meeting the needs of a vulnerable population, while threats include logistical and data security issues. Next, an analysis of potential errors was performed using the proactive Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) methodology.
RESULTS
52 failure modes were identified, mainly attributable to critical management, technical and communication issues. These included incorrect patient identification, inadequate assessment of suitability for a home examination, and misinterpretation of images. These errors are amplified by the environmental and organizational conditions typical of the home setting, such as the lack of automated patient identification systems and the presence of family members and/or caregivers.
DISCUSSION AND COCNLUSIONS
Improvement actions were proposed in the project, which include continuous and specific training for staff on safety risks to care in the home radiology process, active participation of patients and caregivers/family members, and simplification of the procedure in the pre-survey phase. The crucial role of patients and family members/caregivers in order to be able to ensure the safety of the diagnostic process was also emphasized: their awareness and active involvement can help reduce errors and improve the effectiveness of the service. As highlighted by the World Health Organization as early as 2013, if patients are informed about procedures, medical and non-medical, through the use of clear and understandable materials, such as using icons, pictures or diagrams, it increases awareness in them about the risks associated with the examination they are going to perform. In conclusion, the paper not only contributes to the attempt to fill an existing gap, but also emphasizes a proactive way of approaching clinical risk, bringing, as the main resolution, the patient to the center of care.INTRODUZIONE
Il presente studio analizza i rischi di sicurezza legati alla radiologia domiciliare, un servizio in crescita a causa dell’aumento dell’età media e delle malattie croniche e sul quale i riferimenti in letteratura sono pressoché assenti.
MATERIALI E METODI
Attraverso un'analisi SWOT preliminare, sono stati individuati i punti di forza, debolezza, opportunità e minaccia del servizio. Tra i punti di forza emerge la possibilità di eseguire esami diagnostici direttamente a domicilio, riducendo disagi per pazienti con difficoltà di mobilità e migliorando l'accesso alle cure. Tra le debolezze spiccano la complessità organizzativa, la scarsa adozione di questo servizio da parte dei medici di medicina generale e la mancanza di personale dedicato. Le opportunità includono l’ampliamento del servizio e il soddisfacimento delle esigenze di una popolazione vulnerabile, mentre le minacce riguardano problematiche logistiche e di sicurezza dei dati. Successivamente è stata eseguita un’analisi dei potenziali errori utilizzando la metodologia proattiva FMEA.
RISULTATI
Sono state individuate 52 modalità di errore, principalmente riconducibili a criticità gestionali, tecniche e comunicative. Tra queste si segnalano l’errata identificazione del paziente, l’inadeguata valutazione dell’idoneità per un esame a domicilio e l’errata interpretazione delle immagini. Tali errori sono amplificati dalle condizioni ambientali e organizzative tipiche del contesto domiciliare, come la mancanza di sistemi automatizzati di identificazione del paziente e la presenza dei familiari e/o caregiver.
DISCUSSIONE E CONCLUSIONI
Nello studio sono state proposte delle azioni di miglioramento che includono una formazione continua e specifica per il personale sui rischi della sicurezza delle cure nel processo di radiologia domiciliare, la partecipazione attiva dei pazienti e familiari/caregiver e la semplificazione della procedura nella fase pre-indagine. È stato inoltre sottolineato il ruolo cruciale dei pazienti e dei familiari/caregiver al fine di poter garantire la sicurezza del processo diagnostico: la loro sensibilizzazione e il coinvolgimento attivo possono contribuire a ridurre gli errori e migliorare l’efficacia del servizio. Come evidenziato dall’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità già nel 2013, se i pazienti vengono informati sulle procedure, mediche e non, attraverso l’utilizzo di materiali chiari e comprensibili, come icone, immagini o diagrammi, si aumenta in loro la consapevolezza sui rischi associati all’esame che andranno a svolgere. In conclusione, lo scritto non solo contribuisce al tentativo di colmare una lacuna esistente, ma pone anche l’accento su una modalità di approccio proattivo al rischio clinico, portando, come principale risoluzione, il paziente al centro delle cure
Abdominal Pain and Vomiting due to Vertebral Artery Dissection: A Case Report of Stroke Chameleon.
No full textINTRODUCTION
The causes of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain can be multiple, sometimes including neurological conditions, especially if posterior cranial fossa structures are involved.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 46-year-old man accesses the Emergency Department for sudden onset of algid sweating, headache, dizziness, vomiting, and severe abdominal pain. The diagnostic workup was negative for gastroenterological issues, and the patient was detained for observation. The following day, the patient developed right-sided Horner's syndrome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Echo-color Doppler and neuro-radiological imaging of the cerebro-afferent vessels was performed with finding of right vertebral artery dissection. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffusion-restricted lesions in the right cerebellar hemisphere and dorsolateral medulla, indicative of ischemic stroke.
RESULTS
The patient progressively improved, and the neurological examination was normal at discharge. A six-month follow-up MR angiography of intra and extracranial vessels was performed, with persistent right vertebral artery occlusion, in the absence of wall hematoma or pseudoaneurysm.
DISCUSSION
Vertebral artery dissection is estimated to be the cause of approximately 2% of all ischemic strokes, with estimated annual incidence of 2.6-2.9 per 100,000 individuals. The events occur mostly in young individuals who typically present with non-specific symptoms such as dizziness, headache, and cervicalgia; therefore, onset associated with intense abdominal pain is extremely rare.
CONCLUSION
Recognizing that gastrointestinal symptoms may be, rarely, attributable to stroke is useful in avoid ineffective medical management and directing the correct diagnostic and therapeutic process