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A Conserved Neuropeptide System Links Head and Body Motor Circuits to Enable Adaptive Behavior
Get PDFNeuromodulators promote adaptive behaviors that are often complex and involve concerted activity changes across circuits that are often not physically connected. It is not well understood how neuromodulatory systems accomplish these tasks. Here, we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans NLP-12 neuropeptide system shapes responses to food availability by modulating the activity of head and body wall motor neurons through alternate G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) targets, CKR-1 and CKR-2. We show ckr-2 deletion reduces body bend depth during movement under basal conditions. We demonstrate CKR-1 is a functional NLP-12 receptor and define its expression in the nervous system. In contrast to basal locomotion, biased CKR-1 GPCR stimulation of head motor neurons promotes turning during local searching. Deletion of ckr-1 reduces head neuron activity and diminishes turning while specific ckr-1 overexpression or head neuron activation promote turning. Thus, our studies suggest locomotor responses to changing food availability are regulated through conditional NLP-12 stimulation of head or body wall motor circuits
Episode 1: Dating the Distillery: Vodka Edition
No full textEpisode 1 of 3 in podcast series On the Origins of Spirits. A folkloristic engagement with the historical and rhetorical elements of distilled spirits, and the traditional - never mind contemporary - tales of cultural identity that they contain
Episode 1: The American Civil War Through the Eyes of a Spaghetti Western
No full textEpisode 1 of 3 in podcast series Take Two: History on the Big Screen. A (second) look at the relationship between Hollywood and historical representations, especially as it betrays unstated assumptions about how war and peace should be imagined then, now, and in the future
Episode 3: Creating a Leader: Erwin Smith
No full textEpisode 3 of 3 in podcast series The Talk of the Titans. A veritable in-depth analysis of the anime series Attack on Titan for what it can reveal about the parallels between fantasy and reality in the human condition
From Injury to Imprisonment: How Traumatic Brain Injury Can Lead to Violent Criminal Behavior
Get PDFThe United States currently has over 2 million people residing in prisons and jails across the country (Bronson & Carson, 2019; Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2009). The current literature review aims to study the prevalence of brain injuries across these imprisoned populations. The results of this review can have serious implications in law, medicine, and rehabilitation services. A traumatic brain injury can have significant influence over criminal justice procedures including ability to stand trial and proper sentencing depending on the timing and intensity of the offense. In addition, TBI prison prevalence could be implicated with the future of medicine and treatment protocols for individuals who suffer head trauma. Finally, the discussion of head injuries in prison populations leads to the need for analysis of proper rehabilitation services for TBI victims and of protocols for societal reintegration of those released from prison with such injuries. By studying the prevalence of traumatic brain injury in imprisoned communities, one can gain a deeper understanding of the problems that are closely intertwined with such important health issues
Episode 2: The History of the Café
No full textEpisode 2 of 3 in podcast series Lattes with Lily. An examination of coffee cultures in the U.S., how they have evolved as spaces of everyday routines and then again as scenes of social and political change, and what they mean for the democratic spirit
Episode 3: The Last Sip
No full textEpisode 3 of 3 in podcast series Lattes with Lily. An examination of coffee cultures in the U.S., how they have evolved as spaces of everyday routines and then again as scenes of social and political change, and what they mean for the democratic spirit
Episode 3: Reflection: Heroes in \u3cem\u3eBlack Panther\u3c/em\u3e\u27s Take on the Fight for Change
No full textEpisode 3 of 3 in podcast series Take Two: History on the Big Screen. A (second) look at the relationship between Hollywood and historical representations, especially as it betrays unstated assumptions about how war and peace should be imagined then, now, and in the future
Episode 3: The Best Medicine
No full textEpisode 3 of 3 in podcast series What Do You Meme? An investigation of the significance of memes in generational - as well as inter-generational - reactions to what ails us, particularly when it comes to coping with social, political, and most recently public health crises