Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Friar Juan Andrés Ricci and the mystery of the Immaculate Conception: the frontispiece of Imagen de Dios y de sus obras (Pintura sabia)
No full textRedactado por el pintor benedictino fray Juan Andrés Ricci de Guevara y fechado hacia 1660-1662, el manuscrito conocido hasta ahora como Pintura sabia ha sido tradicionalmente interpretado como un tratado destinado a la formación pictórica de su dedicataria Teresa Sarmiento de la Cerda, IX duquesa de Béjar, o como un compendio genérico sobre el arte de la pintura. Sin embargo, el análisis de su frontispicio y su relación con otros manuscritos y con pinturas y dibujos de Ricci demuestran que esencialmente fue escrito en defensa del misterio de la Inmaculada ConcepciónThe manuscript known until now as Pintura sabia was written by the Benedictine painter Fray Juan Andrés Ricci de Guevara around 1660-1662. This treatise has traditionally been regarded as a primer for the pictorial training of Teresa Sarmiento de la Cerda, 9th Duchess of Béjar, to whom it was dedicated, or as a generic compendium on the art of painting. However, an analysis of its frontispiece and its relationship with other manuscripts, paintings and drawings by Ricci suggests that it was essentially written in defense of the mystery of the Immaculate Conceptio
Requerimientos ecológicos que determinan la calidad del hábitat a diferentes escalas e implicaciones para la gestión: el caso del sisón común (Tetrax tetrax), una especie en fuerte declive
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología. Fecha de Lectura: 05-05-2025Los trabajos desarrollados a lo largo de los capítulos que conforman la tesis se enmarcan dentro de los siguientes proyectos:
Memorándum de Entendimiento entre el Fondo Internacional para la Conservación de la Hubara (IFHC) y la Fundación Patrimonio Natural (FPN) de Castilla y León.
Cátedra UAM-CTFC-Total Energies Steppe Forward.
Fondo de Garantía Juvenil de la Comunidad de Madrid (N.º PRED_16048
Relevancia de las proteínas accesorias de sars-cov-2 en la virulencia y la modulación de la respuesta inmune innata
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de Lectura: 09-05-2025El coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2), que emergió en China en 2019, es causante de la enfermedad COVID-19, responsable de más de 770 millones de infecciones y 7 millones de muertes. La COVID-19 severa se asocia a una neumonía bilateral caracterizada por una respuesta proinflamatoria desregulada. Dentro de las proteínas virales que contribuyen a la patogénesis, esta tesis doctoral se centra en la contribución de las proteínas accesorias de SARS-CoV-2. Dichas proteínas se expresan en un número variable, con alta diversidad, entre especies de coronavirus, no siendo esenciales para la replicación en cultivos celulares, pero contribuyendo a la modulación de la respuesta inmune innata y la virulencia in vivo. Para su estudio se han empleado virus recombinantes derivados de SARS-CoV-2 con deleciones individuales o combinadas de los genes accesorios 6, 7a, 7b y 8, analizando su implicación en virulencia in vivo en modelos de ratón.
En el modelo murino, la deleción individual de los genes 6 o 7b no tuvo efecto en la virulencia. Por el contrario, la deleción de la ORF8 sola o combinada con la ORF6 redujo la letalidad del 100 al 60%, indicando que el gen 8 es un factor de virulencia. En relación, la ORF8 redujo la respuesta temprana de interferón y promovió una respuesta inflamatoria exacerbada, con aumento de infiltrados de macrófagos en pulmón. Además, disminuyó la expresión de genes de histonas, lo que podría contribuir a la regulación epigenética celular. Por otro lado, la ORF7a contribuyó a la producción viral en cultivos celulares de distintas especies, favoreciendo la liberación de los viriones de la célula al inhibir la función antiviral de la proteína del antígeno 2 del estroma de la médula ósea (BST-2) de humanos, ratones y murciélagos. Además, en el contexto de un virus SARSCoV-2 adaptado a ratón y con múltiples genes accesorios delecionados, la ORF7a contribuyó significativamente a la virulencia, aumentando un 60% la mortalidad de ratones infectados con el virus SARS-CoV-2-Δ[6,7b,8]-MA30 con respecto a aquellos infectados con SARS-CoV-2-Δ[6,7ab,8]-MA30. En conjunto, la identificación de factores de virulencia es de utilidad para generar formas atenuadas del virus, potenciales candidatos vacunales, y para identificar mecanismos de patogénesis que podrían derivar en dianas terapéuticasEsta tesis ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España (PID2019-107001RB-I00
The role of recommendation algorithms in the formation of disinformation networks
No full textDisinformation on social networks, especially those that share media content, remains a critical issue with far-reaching societal implications. Although extensive research has addressed the prevalence and mitigation of false information, the specific impact of recommendation algorithms on the creation and consolidation of disinformation networks has not been thoroughly examined. In this work, we bridge this gap by simulating how various recommendation techniques — ranging from basic yet foundational approaches such as popularity-based and content-based methods — shape network dynamics and facilitate disinformation spread. These classical algorithms are essential building blocks of modern hybrid and task-specific recommender systems; understanding their effects is thus crucial for assessing systemic risks. Using a dataset comprising tweets from 275 disinformation agents and 275 legitimate journalism agents, we conduct a realistic simulation grounded in probabilistic click models of user behavior and real-world social media data. Our findings reveal that certain recommendation approaches can significantly reinforce the cohesion and visibility of disinformation networks, thereby amplifying their reach. These results underscore the necessity for algorithmic accountability and the design of ethically responsible recommender systems to maintain information integrity on social platformsThis work has been supported by grant PID2022-139131NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ‘‘ERDF A way of making Europe’
Electrochemical oxidative radical polar crossover route to 1,4‐keto carboxylates mediated by anchimeric assistance
No full textThe 1,4-keto carboxylate scaffold is present in the structure of many biologically relevant compounds. To date, there are only a branch of methods to prepare them, using either transition metal catalysts, or noncommercially available and sensitive starting materials. Herein, we describe a sustainable electrochemical methodology starting from commercially available and highly stable 1,3-diketones and alkenes to prepare 1,4-keto aryl and alkyl carboxylates in a highly efficient manner, without the need of an external catalyst or harsh reaction conditions. This electrochemical oxidative radical polar crossover transformation presents a broad scope, is compatible with many functional groups, and can even be applied in flow chemistry. In addition, the key stabilization of the intermediate carbocation by anchimeric assistance allows a high diastereo- and regio-control of the reaction. Moreover, the utility of these 1,4-keto carboxylates was demonstrated in several derivatizations and applications in the late-stage functionalization of bioactive compoundsFinancial support was provided by the Spanish Government (PID2021-122299NB-I00, TED2021-130470B-I00, TED2021-129999B-C32, CN2022-135687, PID2023-146050NA-I00), European Structural Funds (S2018/NMT-4367), proyectos sinérgicos I + D (Y2020/NMT6469), and “Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid” (SI1/PJI/2019–00237 and SI3/PJI/2021–00520). I. M. thanks CAM for his predoctoral fellowship (PIPF-2023/ECO-30898), L. B. thanks to the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid for a predoctoral fellow-ship and L. M. thanks the Spanish Government for a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC2021-031590-I
Towards Proprietary Digital Assets Under European Soft Law
No full textThis research provides for the legal treatment of digital assets regarding
proprietary rights, possession, transfer of ownership, succession, extinction, enforcement, and applicable law, as provided for in the ELI Principles on the Use of Digital
Assets as Security, the UK Law Commission Digital Assets: Final report, and the
UNIDROIT Principles on Digital Assets and Private La
Análisis de la sostenibilidad y predicción del sistema público de pensiones español
No full textTrabajo Fin de Grado. Curso Académico 2024-2025. Grado en EconomíaEl envejecimiento de la población, la baja tasa de natalidad y el aumento de la esperanza de vida ha situado a los sistemas públicos de pensiones en el centro del debate económico y social en toda Europa. España, como muchos otros países europeos, enfrenta el desafío de garantizar la sostenibilidad de su sistema de pensiones en un contexto de cambios demográficos. La presión financiera que este sistema ejerce al sistema español exige una implementación de reformas que aseguren su viabilidad al largo plazo sin comprometer la equidad intergeneracional. Este trabajo se enmarca en este desafío, planteando una serie de proyecciones macroeconómicas, bajo diferentes escenarios, y a partir de simulaciones desarrolladas por fuentes oficiales se analizará el gasto en pensiones en porcentaje del PIB para establecer su sostenibilidad en el largo plazo comparándola con otras proyecciones oficiale
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae accumulate bioactive compounds that modulate antioxidant activity when reared with bioactive agrifood by-products
No full textThe effect of feeding Hermetia illucens larvae (black soldier fly, BSFL) with by-products from olive oil (dry olive leaves, OL; full-fat dry olive pomace, OP) or quinoa (quinoa husk, QH) on the bioaccumulation of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of the meals was evaluated. Diets were formulated with different percentages of inclusion (OL15, OL30, OL50; OP30, OP50, OP70, OP90; QH15, QH30, QH50). Antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS methods), total phenolic compounds (TPC), targeted bioactive compounds analysis, and estimation of efficiency of bioaccumulation (EB) were performed, and compared to the experimental substrates. TPC were evidenced in all meals, but without a clear patter relationship with the diets. All meals exhibited DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity. Improvements on DPPH inhibition were found for most treatments, especially remarkable for OP90. No improvement was observed for ABTS inhibition. BSFL meals accumulated bioactive compounds from olive oil by-products but, while diets were rich in phenolic compounds (oleuropein or hydroxytyrosol) and minor in pentacyclic tritepernes, the meals mainly accumulated pentacyclic triterpenes (mainly oleanolic acid and maslinic acids). The total bioactive EB ranged 0.6–3.5 %, with net accumulated total content of 46–383 mg/100 g of meal, depending on the diet. Additionally, total bioactive content correlated strongly with the DPPH antioxidant activity of the meals (r = −0.929, p < 0.05). The potential of dietary strategies of BSFL to enhance the bioactive profile and bioactivity is demonstrated. Moreover, when feeding bioactive-rich by-products, such as those from olive oil, these strategies for health value of insects simultaneously align with circular economy practicesThis research is part of the ENTOMOTIVE project PID2022-136238OB-I00, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by ERDF/EU. Virginia da Cunha-Borges’s grant PREP2022–000828 funded by MICIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and by ESF
What drives trade policy reform?
No full textThis paper examines the macroeconomic and political determinants of non-tariff barriers to international trade based on a new index of such restrictions with broad country and time coverage. We employ a structured empirical approach that integrates multiple methodologies to identify which factors are the most robust correlates of trade reform (defined as meaningful changes in non-tariff barriers). We find that structural factors, both macroeconomic (especially inflation and export concentration) and political (especially democracy, corruption, political polarization and populism) emerge as robust correlates of changes in trade policy. Among these, political and institutional variables explain the largest share of nontariff barrier policy variationThis project is supported by the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF managemen
Depressive symptomatology in autism and intellectual disability: A network analysis
No full textDepression is a very common psychopathology in the ASD population. Despite the common comorbidity this association is not well understood. To understand the relationship between depression symptoms and ASD a network analysis was carried out on a sample of people with ASD and ID. One hundred twenty-eight adults (M = 36.63 years¸ SD = 8,54) were evaluated to know the structure of depressive symptoms in autism and their relationship with ASD symptomatology. The results showed a single network where both symptomatologies were mixed. Bridging symptoms such as issues relating to change and restricted interests were identified. Moreover, sleep disturbances and the need to be calm are key items to understand the symptomatology of depression in people with ASD and ID. Knowing and identifying ASD symptoms that are strongly linked to the depression network has important implications for the prevention of depression in this case in people with autism and intellectual disabilitie