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Actitudes problemáticas del alumnado uruguayo durante la práctica y la contemplación del fútbol: una respuesta desde la educación física
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Formación del Profesorado y Educación, Departamento de Educación Física, Deporte y Motricidad Humana. Fecha de Lectura: 16-06-2025Puede decirse que el fútbol es, en Uruguay, el elemento más representativo de su cultura. La significación del fútbol y su importancia es tal que cualquier otro deporte siempre será, para los uruguayos, un deporte secundario. Sin embargo, la práctica del fútbol puede llegar a prohibirse en los patios escolares debido a los niveles de agresividad, cuando no violencia, que esa práctica tiende a generar entre el alumnado.
En este marco contextual, la investigación se propuso, como objetivo general, tras un análisis de la situación problemática descrita, elaborar y poner en práctica, en las clases de educación física de Educación Primaria, un programa de intervención educativa que sirviera como referente y cuyos resultados permitieran extraer criterios y pautas de actuación docente orientadas a dotar a la enseñanza deportiva escolar de una dimensión educativa que propiciase la asunción de actitudes positivas, responsables y críticas, por parte del alumnado, durante la contemplación y la práctica del fútbol.
En virtud del objetivo planteado, la investigación se basó en un diseño cuasiexperimental con un planteamiento metodológico apoyado en el uso de procedimientos e instrumentos de obtención de información cuantitativos y cualitativos (cuestionario y grupos de discusión). En una primera fase se obtuvo información sobre la situación inicial del alumnado, en lo que se refiere a sus opiniones y actitudes sobre determinadas cuestiones relacionadas con la práctica y con el espectáculo futbolístico, para lo que se diseñó, validó y aplicó un cuestionario a la población escolar de sexto año de educación primaria en la ciudad de Maldonado (N: 911), y se realizaron grupos de discusión con ese mismo alumnado. En una segunda fase, teniendo presente la información obtenida sobre la situación inicial, se elaboró y aplicó una propuesta de intervención educativa, destinada a modificar determinadas opiniones y actitudes problemáticas del alumnado, como practicante y como espectador, durante las clases de enseñanza del fútbol que tuvieron lugar en tres escuelas de la misma ciudad. Finalmente, en una tercera fase, se volvieron a recabar, mediante el mismo cuestionario y los mismos grupos de discusión, las opiniones y actitudes del alumnado de los grupos experimentales sobre las que se había trabajado, para conocer los cambios que se habían dado al respecto tras la intervención educativa, para averiguar las fortalezas y debilidades de la propuesta, y para extraer criterios y pautas generales de intervención docente que pudieran oficiar como guía al profesorado de educación física interesado en incrementar la dimensión educativa de su enseñanza deportiva, con independencia de situaciones y contextos.
La investigación ha puesto de manifiesto, por un lado, que una buena parte de la población escolar estudiada tiene opiniones y actitudes poco edificantes, incluso negativas, con respecto a la totalidad de las variables vinculadas al mundo del fútbol que han sido objeto de estudio, y que el problema se agrava en los casos de los alumnos y alumnas que se relacionan en mayor medida con la cultura del fútbol uruguayo, es decir, que más frecuentemente juegan al fútbol a la semana y qué más les gusta verlo y jugarlo. Y, por otro lado, que las actividades y tareas que cabe plantear en los procesos de enseñanza deportiva escolar, orientadas a dar una mayor dimensión educativa a tales procesos, son potencialmente valiosas, a la vez que necesarias, para propiciar que los alumnos y las alumnas asuman opiniones y actitudes autónomas, críticas y responsables en la práctica y en la contemplación del espectáculo deportivo, y que sean capaces de participar activamente en la transformación y desarrollo de una cultura deportiva acorde con los requerimientos y necesidades de las sociedades democrática
Early response in people with anorexia nervosa receiving cognitive–behavioural therapy for eating disorders (CBT-ED): a latent change study
No full textSupplemental data for this article can be accessed here https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2024.2432674Objective: Early improvement predicts good outcome in psychotherapy for eating disorders. Prior studies have examined change in body mass index (BMI) or Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire scores (EDE-Q) as indicators of early response, but not both simultaneously. Little research has examined early change among Anorexia Nervosa (AN) samples treated with eating disorder-focussed cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT-ED). We studied the process of early change in a fine-grained way to better understand whether early response predicts later response and post-treatment outcomes in CBT-ED for AN, and how the changes in EDE-Q and BMI are related. Method: Adults (N = 193) diagnosed with AN were treated with outpatient CBT-ED. We used bivariate Latent Change Score models to examine change in BMI and EDE-Q and relations between them. Results: Early change in BMI was independent of early change in EDE-Q. Larger changes in EDE-Q over the first five weeks of therapy followed smaller ones over the next five weeks, meanwhile smaller changes followed larger ones. Early change was predictive of post-treatment scores. Conclusion: Early change in BMI and EDE-Q during CBT-ED appear to be unrelated and follow different trajectories. Therefore, individuals declared as early responders may differ depending on which variable is used for the decisionNRB was supported by the Spanish program for professional training of university lecturers (Programa de Formación del Profesorado Universitario 2022) granted by the Spanish Ministry of Univerisities (ref:FPU22/03300
Anomalous ionization in the central molecular zone by Sub-GeV dark matter
No full textWe demonstrate that the anomalous ionization rate observed in the Central Molecular Zone can be attributed to MeV dark matter annihilations into e^{+}e^{-} pairs for galactic dark matter profiles with slopes γ>1. The low annihilation cross sections required avoid cosmological constraints and imply no detectable inverse Compton, bremsstrahlung, or synchrotron emission in radio, x- and γ rays. The possible connection with the source of the unexplained 511 keV line emission in the Galactic Center suggests that both observations could be correlated and have a common originS. B. is supported by the STFC under Grant No. ST/X000753/1. P. D. L. is supported by the Juan de la Cierva Grant No. JDC2022-048916-I funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR. The work of P. D. L. is also supported by Grants No. PID2021-125331NB-I00 and No. CEX2020-001007-S, both funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF “A way of making Europe.” P. D. L. also acknowledges the MultiDark Network, Ref. No. RED2022-134411-T. This project used computing resources from the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing under Project No. 2022/3–27 partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through Grant No. 2018-0597
Assessment of spatiotemporal development of cell lineages in the mouse blastocyst using bespoke cell neighbourhood analysis approaches
No full textThis work demonstrates the efficiency of the software IVEN (Internal Versus External Neighbourhood) in describing the dynamic changes in neighbourhoods of all cell lineages in the mammalian blastocyst. In the mouse model, the primitive endoderm (PrE)/epiblast (Epi) dichotomy is established during blastocyst formation, which results in a seemingly random distribution of cells from both lineages within the ICM (‘salt and pepper’ model). Nevertheless, differences in cell potency, plasticity and distribution suggest that specific cell traits, such as environment, might be defining the ultimate fate acquisition. We have tested the new functionalities in the latest IVEN version and its efficiency to explore the changes in cell distribution within cell lineages and sub-populations. For this purpose, we have developed pipelines that combine functionalities from the imaging software (IMARIS) with IVEN internal algorithms to provide an insight into the dynamic cell neighbourhood within the early blastocyst. IVEN returns detailed reconstructions and numerical arrays that can be interpreted to describe the evolution of cell neighbourhoods within and between lineages. Thus, we have been able to identify specific subsets of cells within the TE and the ICM lineages depending on their relative position to the blastocyst cavity and revealed distinct neighbourhood features. IVEN analyses were essential to provide quantitative understanding of the intrinsic dynamics of the mouse blastocyst. Our approach demonstrates the accuracy of IVEN as a descriptive analytical tool and offers the possibility of applying it on to other systems to uncover differences between speciesThe authors wish to thank Dr. Berenika Plusa for her insights and helpful discussions of the analyses presented in this study. R.d.l.F. was supported by NCN 2021/05/X/NZ3/0070
Unsupervised Class Generation to Expand Semantic Segmentation Datasets
No full textSemantic segmentation is a computer vision task where classification is performed at the pixel level. Due to this, the process of labeling images for semantic segmentation is time-consuming and expensive. To mitigate this cost there has been a surge in the use of synthetically generated data-usually created using simulators or videogames-which, in combination with domain adaptation methods, can effectively learn how to segment real data. Still, these datasets have a particular limitation: due to their closed-set nature, it is not possible to include novel classes without modifying the tool used to generate them, which is often not public. Concurrently, generative models have made remarkable progress, particularly with the introduction of diffusion models, enabling the creation of high-quality images from text prompts without additional supervision. In this work, we propose an unsupervised pipeline that leverages Stable Diffusion and Segment Anything Module to generate class examples with an associated segmentation mask, and a method to integrate generated cutouts for novel classes in semantic segmentation datasets, all with minimal user input. Our approach aims to improve the performance of unsupervised domain adaptation methods by introducing novel samples into the training data without modifications to the underlying algorithms. With our methods, we show how models can not only effectively learn how to segment novel classes, with an average performance of 51% intersection over union for novel classes, but also reduce errors for other, already existing classes, reaching a higher performance level overallThis work has been supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of the Spanish Government under HVD (PID2021-125051OB-I00) project. This work is also part of preliminary work in project TEC-2024/COM-322 (IDEALCV CM) funded by the Regional Government of Madrid in Spai
Liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor: A separated clinical entity?
No full textIntroduction: Liposclerosing myxofibrous tumors (LSMFTs) have been described as an infrequent and peculiar fibrous dysplasia variant with a predilection for the intertrochanteric femoral region and are not globally considered a distinct tumor. Given their features, they may be confused with a variety of entities. Our aim is to analyze the clinical, radiological, histopathological and molecular features of LSMFTs. Material and Methods: We report 15 new LSMFT cases managed in our tertiary referral hospital and compare our findings with those of the 241 previous LSMFT cases published in the English medical literature. Results: In plain radiography and computerized tomography, LSMFTs are well-defined intraosseous lytic masses with peripheral sclerotic rims and variable amounts of internal calcifications. Histopathologically, LSFMTs consist of variable amounts of spindle cells, bone matrix, adipose tissue, and cystic spaces embedded in a predominantly fibromyxoid stroma. Molecular tests reveal GNAS and TP53 mutations. Conclusions: Knowledge of LSMFT and its typical radiological appearance with heterogeneous histopathological findings—especially in small biopsies—are key to preventing the misdiagnosis and overtreatment of affected patient
Observation of the Charge Density Wave Excitonic Order Parameter in Topological Insulator Monolayer WTe2
No full textStrong electron-hole interactions in a semimetal or narrow-gap semiconductor may drive a ground state of condensed excitons. Monolayer WTe2 has been proposed as a host material for such an exciton condensate, but the order parameter─the key signature of a macroscopic quantum-coherent condensate─has not been observed. Here, we use Fourier-transform scanning tunneling spectroscopy (FT-STS) to study quasiparticle interference (QPI) and periodic modulations of the local density of states (LDOS) in monolayer WTe2. In WTe2 on graphene, in which the carrier density can be varied via back-gating, FT-STS shows QPI features in the two-dimensional (2D) bulk bands, confirming the interacting nature of the bandgap in neutral WTe2 and the semimetallic nature of highly n- and p-doped WTe2. We observe additional nondispersive spatial modulations in the LDOS imprinted on the topological edge mode of neutral WTe2 on metallic substrates (graphene and graphite), which we interpret as the interaction of the topological edge mode with the expected charge density wave order parameter of the excitonic condensate in WTe2 at low interaction strength due to screening by the metallic substratesI.D.B. acknowledges support from the MSCA Program (101063547-GAP-101063547). M.T.E. acknowledges funding support from ARC Future Fellowship (FT2201000290). L.W., I.D.B., M.T.E., and M.S.F. acknowledge funding from the FLEET Centre of Excellence, ARC Grant No. CE170100039. IMDEA Nanociencia and IFIMAC acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation “Severo Ochoa” (Grant CEX2020001039-S) and “María de Maeztu” (Grant CEX2018000805-M) Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D, respectively. B.W. acknowledges the support of the National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore, under the Competitive Research Program “Towards On-Chip Topological Quantum Devices” (NRF-CRP21-2018-0001), with further support from the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) Academic Research Fund Tier 3 grant (MOE-MOET32023-0003) “Quantum Geometric Advantage.” A.L.V. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grant no. PID2021-128011NB-I00). M.G. has received financial support through the “Ramón y Cajal” Fellowship program (RYC2020-029317-I), “Ayudas para Incentivar la Consolidación Investigadora” (CNS2022-135175), and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grant no. PID2021-123776NB-C21, PID2021-128011NBI00). Financial support through the (MAD2D-CM)-MRR MATERIALES AVANZADOS-IMDEA-NC and (MAD2DCM)- MRR MATERIALES AVANZADOS-UAM is also acknowledged
Tailoring tubular supramolecular polymers with polar lumens to host hydrophilic dye molecules
No full textSupramolecular polymers are living an intense research period in which new synthetic strategies, unusualmorphologies, and diverse promising applications are being explored. We contribute here to this field with the developmentof a unique class of supramolecular polymers that are able to selectively encapsulate guest molecules within their lumen.This is achieved through a rational design of the monomer units, which self-assemble in amphiphilic cyclic entities thatthen stack into lipophilic tubular architectures that contain a polar pore. These tailored assemblies are able to hosthydrophilic dye molecules that are complementary in size and chemical affinity for the pore coating. Dye extraction ischaracterized by: (1) the emergence of the dye absorption and emission features in solution, (2) a red shift of the absorptionand emission maxima, caused by a confined environment of high viscosity, and (3) an energy transfer process from themonomer at the tube’s walls to the included dye guest, which was characterized by photoluminescence (PL), excitation,and transient absorption measurements. When different dyes are co-encapsulated, the tubular supramolecular polymerprovides a unidimensional confined chiral environment to promote sequential energy transfer processes between themFunding from MCIN/AEI and NextGeneration EU through projects PID2020-116921GB-I00,TED2021-132602B-I00, and PID2023-148548NB-I00. F.A.is grateful to funding from project PID2020-116112RJ-I00and grant RyC-2021–031538-I. V V.-M. acknowledges grantsTED2021-131906A-100 and RYC2022-035200-I funded by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (10.13039/501100011033) and support from the Regional Government of Madrid (2019-T2/IND-12737 and 2024-T1/TEC-31349). J.C.-G acknowledges the MICINN-FEDER(projects PID2021-128313OB-I00, PDC2023-145871-I00),the Regional Government of Madrid (TEC- 2024/TEC-459_SYNMOLMAT-CM), and is grateful for a Research Consolidation Grant (CNS2022-36191) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. IMDEA Nanoscience acknowledges support from the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CEX2020-001039-S
One-pot integrated CO2 and NH3 capture and utilization using ionic liquids towards ammonium carbamate
No full textAn innovative and effective integrated CO2 and NH3 capture and conversion system is developed using ionic
liquids (ILs) as bifunctional sorbent/catalyst media to produce ammonium carbamate (CM), added-value product
with high potential as fertilizer, urea precursor, hydrogen carrier, among others. ILs have demonstrated valuable
behavior as reactive carbon capture (RCC) agents, allowing integrated CO2 absorption and conversion. In
addition, task-specific ILs demonstrated competitive process performance in NH3 capture from gas streams. In
this work, DFT/COSMO-RS computational methodology was applied to select IL compounds, among a broad
range of cation/anion combinations, with the required: i) high NH3 and CO2 gas solubility, to promote capture
from gas stream; and ii) low ammonium carbamate solubility, facilitating solid product separation. The hydroxylfunctionalized
IL [EtOHmim][NTf2] emerges as the most appropriate option based on molecular simulations.
One-pot absorption/catalytic essays demonstrated the formation of CM production IL media at room temperature.
A novel characterization methodology based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was developed to fulfill
the need of product quantitative analysis, providing reliable composition of CM and side products. The influence
of different operating variables on NH3 conversion, CM yield and purity were analyzed, including reaction time,
IL mass loading, NH3 feeding time and water presence. Furthermore, consecutive reaction cycles were carried out
obtaining nearly complete conversion for every reaction, demonstrating the feasibility of continuous operation
without the requirement for sorbent/catalyst regeneration, due to product precipitation. Noteworthy, highpurity
CM was obtained by working in the absence of water. Summarizing, a new one-pot IL-based process to
produce CM at mild operating conditions through CO2 and NH3 capture, and conversion was developed, with
promising potential in agro-industrial and energy applicationsThe authors are grateful to Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (project PID2023-150532OB-I00) and Comunidad de Madrid (project TEC2024/BIO-17) for financial support and Centro de Computación Científica de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid for computational facilitie
Unraveling the biological potential of skin fibroblast: responses to TNF-α, highlighting intracellular signaling pathways and secretome
No full textObjective
In this study, we examined the molecular response of human skin fibroblasts to an inflammatory cytokine to evaluate their suitability as models for immunopathology research.
Methods
Skin fibroblasts were stimulated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the transcriptome was profiled via RNA-Seq. The differentially expressed genes were screened to predict immunological pathways and interactions. The cytokines and signaling pathways were validated at protein level. Similarly to immune cells, TNF-α caused transcriptional and transductional changes in fibroblasts.
Results
Functional analysis revealed significant enrichment of TNF-α signaling and cell chemotaxis (normalized enrichment score = 2.59 and 3.42). We also detected enrichment of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) target genes and NF-kB activation, confirmed by complete protein degradation of its inhibitor IκBa (p = 0.0019). The MAPK/ERK and p38 MAPK pathways were also activated. Finally, we observed significant secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin 6 (p = 0.02), CXCL8 (p = 0.027), CCL2 (p = 0.028) and CCL5 (p = 0.016).
Conclusion
This study advances the biological understanding of skin fibroblast responses to TNF-α, revealing their intracellular pathways and secretome. It discloses techniques for leveraging fibroblasts' potential as in vitro models to identify inflammatory drivers, particularly when alternative models are inaccessibleThis work was supported by national funds from FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Technologia, I.P., project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences—UCIBIO, project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy—i4HB and the doctoral fellowships SFRH/BD/138647/2018 (CP) and SFRH/BD/148480/2019 (RAL); by the European Commission, project GLYCOTwinning (GA 101079417), and project EJPRD ProDGNE (EJPRD/0001/2020 EU 825575); and by the CDG&Allies–Professionals and Patient Associations International. The authors confirm independence from the sponsor