Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Adherence to the planetary health diet and healthy aging: A prospective analysis
No full textBackground and Aims: The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) was designed to align environmental objectives with human health. This is the first study to assess the relationship between the PHDI and healthy aging, measured by intrinsic capacity (IC) and physical frailty. Methods: We analyzed data from 19,505 participants in the UK Biobank cohort. Dietary intake was assessed using two to five 24-h assessments, and the PHDI was constructed based on 15 food groups. IC was assessed according to the Integrated Care for Older People guidelines with a score between 0 and 10 points (higher score indicated higher IC); while frailty was assessed using Rockwood's frailty index (FI) and Fried's frailty phenotype (FP). Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between PHDI and IC, and logistic regression for associations with frailty. Results: After a median follow-up of 6.25 years, higher adherence to the PHDI was associated with greater IC: the mean difference (95 % CI) for the 3rd vs. 1st tertile of PHDI was 0.46 (0.05, 0.86). Higher adherence to the PHDI was associated with lower frailty risk: the odds ratios comparing extreme tertiles of PHDI were 0.80 (0.71, 0.90) for FI and 0.62 (0.43, 0.88) for FP. Fish & seafood was independently associated with higher IC and less frailty, while whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts & seeds and limiting added sugars & juices were linked to lower frailty risk.. Conclusions: In this cohort of British adults, greater adherence to the PHDI was associated with improved IC and lower frailty riskThis work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, State Secretary of R + D + I and the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund (FIS grants, 22/1111, and 23/ 00079); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (CNS2022-135623); and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (FPI contract to JMR
Voicing infant talk: Infant's agency in Spanish family interactions
No full textIn a moment in which society frequently legitimizes the narrative that young children are “goal-oriented”, “competent” and “agents”, this paper denaturalizes this core value through empirical examples of how agency is enacted in family practices in which parents and siblings animate infant “speech” (voicing), fortifying the child's active family membership. The paper draws from a multimodal, longitudinal, ethnographic study examining the language socialization of infants in Spanish middle-class families from Madrid. In dialogue with a relational approach to agency, voicing is analyzed to showcase how the social construction of babies' agency dynamically changes in different positions (e. g. between competence and vulnerability) and in different verbal and no-verbal attunements between babies and family members. As we consider the interactional and verbal routine of voicing, we also move to a more vaguely defined terrain of undervalued dimensions, such as infant vocalizations and other forms of multimodal and embodied communicative practices, as they co-occur in socio-material ensemble
In-situ HF-etched MXene as a Novel Electrode Modifier for Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A
No full textThis study explores the use of MXene, a relatively recent class of 2D materials, as an innovative modifier of glassy carbon (GC) electrodes for the electrochemical detection of bisphenol A (BPA), a compound of significant environmental and health concern. MXene Ti3C2 was synthesized via in-situ hydrofluoric acid generation using a NaF/HCl mixture that is considered a milder synthetic route in comparison with ex-situ hydrofluoric acid, and safer because it avoids the handling and storage of commercial HF. Nanomaterials obtained at various stages of MXene synthesis were morphologically characterized using scanning electron microscopy. With respect to the bare GC, MXene improved the BPA electroanalysis due to the known MXene properties such as metallic conductivity. This enhanced response was further improved when MXene was exfoliated via a delamination process. Scan rate studies proved that the BPA mechanism was governed by a diffusion-controlled process. Once MXene concentration in aqueous suspensions used to modify the GC surface was optimized, pH and differential pulse parameters were adjusted. The optimal conditions were 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7 as electrolyte, pulse amplitude of 60 mV and scan rate of 20 mV/s. Sensor performance evaluation yielded a detection limit of 0.11 μM. The applicability of the sensor was supported by the analysis of real water samples. Results were corroborated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic analysis, demonstrating the sensor's applicability and reliabilityThe authors acknowledge financial support from the projects PID2023-149077OB-C31, PID2023-149077OB-C32 and the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence program through Grant CEX2024-001445-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. We thank I. Ballesteros for his help with the SEM characterizatio
Antropología de los movimientos sociales
No full textLas investigaciones antropológico-sociales sobre los movimientos
sociales consisten en estudios etnográficos sobre activismos puntuales concretos,
como los chalecos amarillos en Francia, el 15M en España, la PAH, el Occupy Wall
Street en Nueva York, la lucha en el barrio del Gamonal en Burgos, las protestas por
la presencia de casas de juego en un barrio, etc. Pero atiende igualmente a
activismos más amplios en los que suelen insertarse, y en donde toman su sentido
político, esas luchas, como los movimientos contra la precariedad laboral, contra la
violencia machista, a favor de la vivienda digna, etc., y aún más allá, se integran en lo
que son los movimientos sociales en su más amplio sentido, que estudia también la
antropología social: el movimiento feminista, ecologista, obrero, nacionalistas, etc
A language-parametric test coverage framework for executable domain-specific languages
No full textTest coverage is an effective technique to measure test case quality and to enable fault localization. However, for Executable Domain-Specific Languages (xDSLs), coverage metrics and associated tools are currently manually defined for each xDSL resulting in costly, error-prone, and non-reusable work. To address this problem, we propose a novel language-parametric test coverage framework for xDSLs. We define two coverage metrics adapted to xDSLs: model element and branch coverage. For performing coverage measurements, we propose a generic technique which can be used out-of-the-box by domain experts using any xDSL to define, execute, and test models. In addition, the coverage of model elements and branches can be parameterized for a given xDSL through the definition of coverage rules using a dedicated language. We showcase two test coverage applications for xDSLs: measuring the quality of test suites for executable models and localizing the models’ faults using Spectrum-Based Fault Localization techniques. We evaluate our approach using four different xDSLs. Results show that (i) we can generate meaningful coverage measurements for all investigated models, (ii) the provided coverage rule language enables framework parameterization for all xDSLs, and (iii) the computed coverage measurements are useful in identifying defects of the modelsThis work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska Curie grant agreement No 813884, by the Austrian Science Fund (P 30525-N31), and by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs and the National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development (CDG). Special gratitude to Javier Troya for putting his implementation of SFBL for model transformations as open source, and to Pablo Gomez-Abajo for his active support of the WODEL model mutation testing too
Monitoring web QoE in satellite networks from passive measurements
No full text© 2024 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other worksSatellite Communication (SatCom) is the only choice to access the Internet in remote regions and is characterized by extreme latency and constrained capacity. For SatCom operators, it is thus fundamental to monitor the Quality of Experience (QoE) of subscribers, to measure their satisfaction, spot anomalies and optimize the peculiar network setup. The Web has become the primary source of Internet content, and Web browsing is the main activity of internauts. This paper addresses the challenge of monitoring Web QoE in SatCom environments, proposing a tailored system that employs a supervised approach to predict Web QoE using passive measurements. The system collects training data through Test Agents that mimic real subscribers’ traffic patterns and uses them to build Machine Learning (ML) models that predict performance metrics. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring Web QoE in SatCom environments, with limitations on website applicability and temporal stability. The need for periodic data generation and the development of a general machine learning model for unseen websites remain open challenges. This research contributes to enhancing web browsing experiences in SatCom and expanding understanding of Web QoE monitoring in diverse network settingsThe research leading to these results has been funded by the PRIN 2022 Project ACRE (AI-Based Causality and Reasoning for Deceptive Assets - 2022EP2L7H) and the PRIN 2022 Project COMPACT (Compressed features and representations for network traffic analysis in centralised and edge internet architectures - 2022M2Z728
Antropología de las religiones
No full textEste texto realiza una aproximación antropológica a los aspectos
conceptuales básicos para el estudio de las religiones, como por ejemplo los que
agrupamos bajo los conceptos de religión, símbolo, mito, culto o ritual, sacrificio,
sagrado/profano, magia, carisma, animismo, ritos de tránsito, ansiedad, control y
consuelo de las religiones, totemismo, religión y ecología cultural, teocracia,
milenarismo, tabú y pureza, etc. También analizará la religión como articulación
social. Por último, se atenderá a las espiritualidades contemporáneas, nuevas
sensibilidades y versiones de religión sin Dio
Approach to nursing diagnoses of people with myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome: a qualitative meta-synthesis
No full textObjective
To identify human responses (diagnostic foci) that shape the experience of living with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and how they manifest throughout the course of the illness.
Methods
A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted. Original studies exploring the experience of living with ME/CFS in adults with a confirmed diagnosis, published in English or Spanish between 1994 and June 2024, were included. The literature search was carried out in Medline/Medline In-Process, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, SciELO, Lilacs, and Cuiden. Data analysis was based on the human responses (diagnostic foci) from the NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses Classification, 2021–2023, with findings structured according to Fennell’s Four-Phase Model.
Results
A total of 42 articles were selected. Twenty human responses (diagnostic foci) and three classes of the NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses Classification were identified, interwoven across the different phases of the model. Some responses were present throughout all phases, while others, such as Energy Balance and Health Self-Management, became particularly relevant from Phase 2 onwards. Phases 3 and 4 were characterised by losses and processes of subjective reconstruction, with diagnostic foci such as Sorrow, Spiritual Distress, and Personal Identity being predominant.
Conclusions
The identified human responses (diagnostic foci) highlight how the contested and chronic nature of ME/CFS profoundly shapes the lived experience of those affected. The model derived from this review provides a structured framework for targeted nursing interventions, aligned with the phase each individual is experiencingThis work was supported by Second Prize for the Best Research Project in Care at the Third Edition of the Puerta de Hierro Awards for Research in Care [grant number HUPHM_2°PREMIO_2018
Antropología de las relaciones mundiales
No full textEn esta unidad didáctica se muestra cómo la antropología nos ayuda, no
solo a comprender la diversidad entre distintas poblaciones y lugares en el mundo,
sino también cómo todas esas poblaciones y lugares están conectadas y se
relacionan entre sí de muy diversas manera