Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Prospective association between plasma amino acids and healthy aging in older adults
Get PDFBackground. Most studies have compared plasma amino acids profiling across different age groups using a cross-sectional design, but no previous research has assessed the relationship between specific amino acid species and healthy aging. Objectives. This study aims to explore the relationship between plasma concentrations of nine amino acids and healthy aging in an older Spanish population. Methods. This longitudinal study uses data from the Seniors-ENRICA 2 Spanish cohort, which comprises community-dwelling individuals aged65 and older. Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured at baseline and after a 5-year follow-up period (n = 859). Healthy aging has been defined as the delay on the onset of chronic conditions, optimal physical functioning, and no cognitive impairment. Multilevel mixed effect logistic models were used to examine the prospective association proposed, after adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle. Results. The baseline mean age of the participants was 70.9 years (standard deviation [SD] = 4.0), and 51.6% were men. In the fully adjusted models, lower plasma concentrations of alanine [odds ratios per 1-SD increase (95% confidence interval) = 0.78 (0.72, 0.86)], isoleucine [0.70 (0.63,0.78)], leucine [0.78 (0.71, 0.86)], and valine [0.79(0.71, 0.86)] were prospectively associated with healthy aging (p-value < 0.001 in all cases). No significant associations were observed for glutamine, glycine, histidine, and aromatic aminoacids. Conclusion. Lower concentrations of alanine and branched-chain amino acids were prospectively associated with healthy aging in the older populationThis study has been funded by four grants (PI19/319, PI 19/665, PI 20/1040, PI 23/272) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain, and European Regional Development Fund-ERDF). DG-B has received a predoctoral contract for the training of research personnel from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (FPI-UAM). The funding agencies had no role in study design, data analysis, interpretation of results, manuscript preparation, or in the decision to submit this manuscript for publicatio
Systematic review of acceptance and commitment therapy interventions for eating disorders
No full textTrabajo Fin de Grado en Psicología. Curso académico 2024-2025
Modalidad A. Ensayo teóricoLa presente revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo examinar la eficacia de las intervenciones con Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso para problemas de la conducta alimentaria e insatisfacción corporal, y analizar las variables mediadoras de dicha eficacia, conectando procesos con resultados. Se analizaron 19 artículos siguiendo el método PRISMA. A pesar de la adecuación teórica de ACT para esta problemática y de los hallazgos positivos que sostienen su eficacia, los resultados deben ser tomados con cautela. La inconsistencia de estos podría derivarse de una falta de claridad conceptual con respecto al
modelo de la flexibilidad psicológica, deficiencias metodológicas que limitan la capacidad de aislar los efectos de las intervenciones o la falta de medidas durante las mismas. Sería necesario, en investigaciones posteriores, establecer definiciones operativas más ajustadas sobre los mecanismos de cambio y hacer uso de instrumentos de evaluación que permitan examinar de forma más precisa el rol de la flexibilidad psicológica y sus componentesThe present systematic review aims to examine the efficacy of interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for eating disorders and body dissatisfaction, and analyze the mediating variables underlying its efficacy, connecting processes to outcomes. A total of 19 articles were analyzed following the PRISMA guidelines. Despite the theoretical adequacy of ACT for this issue and the existence of positive findings supporting its efficacy, results should be interpreted with caution. The inconsistency of the results could stem from a lack of conceptual clarity regarding the psychological flexibility model, from methodological deficiencies in the design -that limit the capacity to isolate the intervention effects-, and the
lack of measurements during the treatment application. Subsequent research would benefit from establishing more adjusted and operative definitions about the mechanisms of change, as well as using assessment tools that allow for a more precise analysis of the role of psychological flexibility and of its component
Recent developments in the use of covalent organic frameworks for photocatalytic water decontamination
No full textWater pollution by persistent organic and inorganic contaminants constitutes a significant problem for ecosystems and public health. Organic substances such as dyes, pharmaceutical residues, pesticides, and phenolic compounds are increasingly detected in water due to industrial and agricultural activities. Alongside these, toxic heavy metals contribute to the complexity of water treatment challenges. Conventional remediation methods often fall short due to high operational costs or limited efficiency. In this context, photocatalysis has emerged as a promising approach for pollutant degradation in water under light irradiation. In this sense, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a class of porous, crystalline materials formed by the covalent linkage of organic units, offer great advantages as photocatalysts. Their tunable electronic properties, structural diversity, and high stability under aqueous conditions make them ideal for visible light-driven processes. This review explores the structural features that govern the photocatalytic activity of COFs, including conjugation, bandgap modulation, and donor–acceptor structures. Mechanistic insights into photocatalytic degradation are also discussed. Finally, examples of pre-designed COFs are presented with their application in the photodegradation of water pollutants, and their main reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the photodegradation mechanism. Overall, this review aims to provide a foundation for the rational design of COFs in advanced water treatment technologiesRuben Mas-Balleste acknowledges the financial support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI/FEDER (10.13039/501100011033) through the project PID2022-141016OB-I00 via Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento 2022. Alicia Moya acknowledges the Spanish Government and the Funds Next Generation of the European Union through the grant Maria Zambrano-UAM (CA3/RSUE/2021-00648). Miguel Sanchez-Fuente thanks Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación for a FPI contract (PRE2020-092295
Dimensiones psicosociales de la donación de órganos: La decisión ante la solicitud de consentimiento para la donación de órganos de un familiar
No full textMaterial formativo destinado a profesionales de la coordinación de TrasplantesUno de los elementos que distingue el procedimiento de donación y trasplante de otras acciones terapéuticas es el papel decisivo que tiene la ciudadanía para posibilitar su viabilidad. El panorama de procedimientos de donación y de políticas de consentimiento presenta una importante diversidad en cuanto al papel otorgado a la voluntad de los potenciales donantes y sus familias. Sin embargo, en el momento actual, los familiares de los potenciales donantes continúan teniendo un importante protagonismo en la mayor parte de los sistemas de donación y en los procedimientos de donación de personas fallecidas Este cuadernillo se centra en la especificación y definición de los factores que tienen mayor peso en el proceso de decisión familiar, partiendo de algunos referentes teóricos e integrando los resultados empíricos obtenidos hasta la fech
Biases and the law. In particular, its implications for civil law
No full textEl presente trabajo busca aproximarse al conocimiento del derecho mediante el uso de herramientas procedentes de la psicología. Su principal objetivo consiste en analizar las implicaciones que para el derecho civil poseen determinados sesgos cognitivos y sociales sufridos tanto por profesionales del derecho como por individuos cuando adoptan decisiones jurídicas. Además, da cuenta de ciertas fórmulas empleadas por el legislador y por los tribunales para atenuar las consecuencias de esta clase de sesgosThis paper aims to approach the knowledge of law through the use of tools from
psychology. Its main objective is to analyse the implications for civil law of certain
cognitive and social biases suffered by both legal professionals and individuals
when adopting legal decisions. In addition, it also reports on certain formulas used
by the legislator and the courts to mitigate the consequences of these types of
biase
The combination of miniaturized GPS/VHF tags and soluble backpack harness as an effective method for tracking lightweight and elusive birds
No full textThe use of global positioning system (GPS) tags is increasingly widespread for wildlife tracking in many ecological studies. However, GPS tags are often too heavy for lightweight species or require recapturing the animal to download the data. In this study, we designed a water-soluble backpack harness linked to a handmade GPS+VHF tag combination to obtain GPS data without the need to recapture the animal. Once the harness disintegrates after rainfall, the GPS+VHF tags can be located via radiotracking, and the dataset can be downloaded. Specifically, we 1) assessed the most effective way to attach the VHF tag to the GPS (to minimize data loss in terms of quantity and quality), 2) tested effects on wild birds, and 3) evaluated the efficiency of device retrieval by tagging Dupont's larks Chersophilus duponti, a small (~ 40 g), elusive passerine. Results showed that the VHF tag should be attached to the GPS at a 45º angle to avoid negative effects on GPS data. To reduce GPS location error, we recommend using data obtained with ≥ 5 satellites and, ideally, > 7 satellites, for average errors less than 10 m. All devices (100%) were detached from the birds and successfully retrieved. No adverse effects were detected in the birds after the tagging period, and all birds remained in their territories. This methodology can be highly useful for studies involving lightweight and elusive fauna. Additionally, our system reduces stress on individuals by minimizing the number of captures required, while also lowering human resource costs, as a single person can carry out the entire processThis study was supported by Levantina y Asociados de Minerales, S.A. CP-G acknowledges the support of the Ministerio of Educación y Formación Profesional through the Beatriz Galindo Fellowship (Beatriz Galindo – Convocatoria 2020). Permits – We comply with current Spanish laws in the matter of avifauna capture and ringing activities. The study adheres to current laws and ethical approvals for tagging in Spain, granted by the relevant authorities (Generalitat Valenciana: Exp. 405/2019-VS(FAU19_019); Exp. 112/2020-VS (FAU20_009); Exp. 284/2021-VS (FAU21_014)
Stratification of the severity of Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis based on its impact on Quality of Life
No full textIntroduction: Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis (COS) is a debilitating condition characterized by recurrent inflammation of the salivary glands due to excretory obstruction, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life (QoL). The COS Quality of Life Questionnaire (COSQ) has been validated to evaluate QoL in affected patients and to monitor changes post-treatment. Materials and methods: This study included two patient groups with COS-affected glands. The first group of 342 patients completed the COSQ before minimally invasive surgery, while the second group of 215 patients completed both the COSQ and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Scores were analyzed and stratified into four severity categories: mild, moderate, severe, and very severe, based on COSQ outcomes. Results: COSQ scores were distributed as follows: mild (12.87%), moderate (37.13%), severe (34.5%), and very severe (15.21%). A significant correlation was observed between COSQ and VAS scores, particularly in the moderate and severe categories. Stratification allowed for identification of patients with severe symptoms, aiding in tailored management. Conclusion: The COSQ effectively assesses QoL in COS patients and aids in stratifying severity. This stratification can guide clinicians in developing personalized treatment strategies, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating treatment outcome
Resultados de rigidez en el grupo modular
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Matemáticas. Fecha de Lectura: 22-05-2025The purpose of this thesis is to establish various results concerning the rigidity of the mapping class group and other associated spaces. Apart from its intrinsic interest in the context of geometric group theory, these results are motivated by the comparison between mapping class groups and irreducible lattices in higher-rank Lie groups. In this setting, a natural analogue of Margulis superrigidity is whether every homomorphism between mapping class groups lifts to a map at the level of diffeomorphism groups. This questions leads the discussion for the first two chapters. We introduce in Chapter 1 a key new tool to study homomorphisms, namely a topological characterization of pairs of multitwists that satisfy the braid equation. Then, in Chapter 2 we prove that, for a range of surfaces, every homomorphism between mapping class groups is induced by a set of embeddings. As a consequence, we show that, for these surfaces, every homomorphism between mapping class groups does indeed lift to the diffeomorphism groups. A parallel rigidity result is presented in Chapter 3, where for the same range of surfaces we prove a geometric classification of holomorphic maps between their moduli spaces. In Chapter 4, we extend some of the techniques used to the setting of infinite-type surfaces, proving that epimorphisms between certain big mapping class groups are actually isomorphisms. In particular, we conclude, for a certain class of surfaces, that big mapping class groups are topologically Hopfian. The last two chapters of the thesis are devoted to simplicial actions of the mapping class group. In Chapter 5, we prove the finite rigidity of the non-separating curve complex. Finally, in Chapter 6, we introduce the matching arc complex, a variant of the arc complex that arises in the study braided Thompson groups, and we obtain conditions for this complex to be both connected and hyperbolicEste trabajo fue realizado gracias al apoyo económico del contrato pre-doctoral PRE2020-092939 que forma parte del proyecto Severo Ochoa CEX2019000904-S-20-2. Además, parte de los contenidos de este trabajo fueron financiados por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades a través de las becas PGC2018-101179-B-I00 y CEX2023-001347-
Estudio sobre la implementación de medidas basadas en el diseño universal para el aprendizaje en la Educación Primaria de Paraguay
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Formación del Profesorado y Educación, Departamento Interfacultativo de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación. Fecha de Lectura: 27-05-2025Alcanzar las metas que se plantea la denominada educación inclusiva requiere de herramientas que contribuyan al cometido de ofrecer mismas oportunidades de aprendizajes para todos los estudiantes. En las últimas décadas, se erige como un modelo prometedor para la construcción de entornos educativos inclusivos el marco del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA). Este marco promueve la flexibilización de los currículos para así garantizar que todo el alumnado tenga acceso y oportunidades de aprendizaje (CAST,2018). Sin duda, el papel del profesorado es clave en el proceso de instalación de un modelo inclusivo y equitativo al interior de los centros educativos. Es por eso por lo que, la presente investigación se marca como objetivo evaluar la incorporación del DUA en la formación inicial docente de Educación Primaria en Paraguay. Esto con el fin de identificar su presencia en los currículos, competencias, prácticas pedagógicas y los desafíos que enfrenta su implementación como estrategia para atender a la diversidad educativa. A tales efectos se plantea una investigación con enfoque mixto que se caracterizan por el empleo simultaneo de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos Bryman (2006). De esta forma, se han llevado tres diferentes estudios donde se han aplicado diferentes métodos tales como el análisis documental, el análisis comparativo, el análisis no experimental y una revisión sistemática a partir de los criterios establecidos por el método PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyse). Entre los hallazgos destacan la reducida formación en competencias vinculadas al DUA en las etapas de preparación inicial del profesorado de Educación Primaria. Como así también la escasa bibliografía que aborda la temática del DUA en la Formación Inicial Docente (FID). A partir de estos hallazgos es que se recomienda iniciar un proceso de revisión y actualización de los Diseños Curriculares para la FID de Educación Primaria al objeto de incorporar contenidos que impulsen la aplicación de medidas basadas en el DUA como estrategia de implantación de un modelo inclusivo en el sistema educativo. Y así conseguir una educación equitativa, inclusiva y justa que no deje a nadie atrás como se plantea desde el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 4 Educació
The neolithic quarry of Pozarrate, in the flint mining complex of Treviño (Burgos-Álava, Spain): Materials and exploitation systems in light of new dating
No full textEl complejo minero de sílex de Treviño (Burgos-Álava, España) es clave para comprender el aprovisionamiento y gestión de las materias
primas líticas en la Prehistoria. El uso de este sílex se documenta desde el Paleolítico medio, con una intensificación en el Paleolítico superior y
el Mesolítico, alcanzando un radio de difusión de más de 250 km. La cantera neolítica de Pozarrate evidencia un aprovisionamiento sistemático
durante el Neolítico antiguo (mediados del V milenio cal a. C.), con nuevas dataciones que sitúan su explotación c. 4711-4441 cal a. C.. Las excavaciones
han identificado un frente de cantera, una gran pirobrecha y numerosas herramientas extractivas en sílex, asta de cérvido y ofita. Los
hallazgos de cerámica y metales en niveles superiores sugieren un uso continuado del complejo, así como otros estigmas mineros identificados
en prospección. Estos datos posicionan a Pozarrate como un enclave fundamental para el estudio del aprovisionamiento de sílex y sus redesThe Treviño flint mining complex (Burgos-Álava, Spain) is key to the understanding of the procurement and management of lithic raw materials
during Prehistory. The use of this flint is documented from the Middle Paleolithic, with intensification during the Upper Paleolithic and the
Mesolithic, reaching a diffusion radius of over 250 km. The Neolithic quarry of Pozarrate shows systematic procurement during the Early Neolithic
(mid-5th millennium cal BC), with new radiocarbon dates placing its exploitation around 4711-4441 cal BC. Excavations have identified a quarry
front, a large pyrobreccia, and numerous extractive tools made of flint, antler, and dolerite. The presence of ceramics and metals in upper levels
suggests a continued use of the site, along with other mining-related features identified through survey. These findings position Pozarrate as a
key site for studying flint procurement and its networksEquipo de excavación, en especial a J. J. Vivanco,
J. M. Tarriño, P. Lobo y M. Aguirre. PID2020-118359GB-I00 “El sílex de Treviño como trazador litológico
en la Prehistoria de la Región Cantábrica y Pirineo
occidental: su caracterización, explotación y difusión
(TREVIÑO FLINT)”, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
(MINCIU). Junta de Castilla y León. Diputación Foral de
Álava. Ayuntamiento de Treviño. Grupo Consolidado
de Investigación en Prehistoria IT-1435-22, Universidad
del País Vasco (UPV/EHU). NC: Programa Atracción
del Talento M1 CM 2022-T1/HUM 23889. DHA: contrato
“Ayuda de Apoyo a la etapa de formación postdoctoral”
de la Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidades
de la Xunta de Galicia (2023-2026