Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Microbial catabolism of coffee pulp (poly)phenols during in vitro colonic fermentation
Get PDFCoffee pulp is a by-product characterized by its richness in phenolic compounds. This study examined the catabolism of (poly)phenols in digested coffee pulp flour (CPF) and extract (CPE) during in vitro colonic fermentation. After a simulated gastrointestinal digestion, samples were fermented using human microbiota and (poly)phenol transformations were analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Digested CPF and CPE contained high amounts of phenolic acids, notably 3′,4′-dihydroxycinnamic (99.7–240.1 μmol 100 g−1) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (174.1–491.4 μmol 100 g−1). During the in vitro fecal fermentation, phenylpropanoic acids (1.5- to 2.6-fold), phenyl-γ-valerolactones (1.3- to 23-fold), phenylvaleric acids (1.1- to 2-fold) and benzene derivatives (1.5-fold) increased; while benzoic and cinnamic acids, cinnamoylquinic derivatives, flavonols, benzaldehydes and diphenylpropan-2-ols decreased. The (poly)phenols in CPF were catabolized more slowly than in CPE, suggesting protection of the fibrous matrix against phenolic degradation. Coffee pulp may be a promising food ingredient rich in (poly)phenols contributing to the prevention of intestinal diseasesThis research was funded by the COCARDIOLAC project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTI 2018-097504-B-I00) and the Excellence Line for University Teaching Staff within the Multiannual Agreement between the Community of Madrid and the UAM (2019-2023). It was also supported by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.3 - Call for tender No. 341 of 15 March 2022 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union \u2013 NextGenerationEU; Award Number: Project code PE00000003, Concession Decree No. 1550 of 11 October 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, CUP D93C22000890001, Project title \u201CON Foods - Research and innovation network on food and nutrition Sustainability, Safety and Security \u2013 Working ON Foods\u201D. Silvia Ca\u00F1as received funding from the UAM-Santander grants program for the mobility of young researchers. Vanesa N\u00FA\u00F1ez-G\u00F3mez holds a Margarita Salas contract funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities and the European Union - NextGenerationEU
Diamond-defect engineering of NV− centers using ion beam irradiation
Get PDFThe interplay between ion beam modification techniques in the MeV range and the controlled generation of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV ) centers in nitrogen-doped synthetic diamond crystals is explored. An experimental approach employing both light (H+) and heavy (Br+6) ions was followed to assess their respective impacts on the creation of NV centers, using different ion energies or fluences to generate varying amounts of vacancies. Photoluminescence spectroscopy was applied to characterize NV and neutral NV0 centers. Initially, no NV centers were detected post-irradiation, despite the presence of substitutional nitrogen and vacancies. However, after annealing at 800 º C (and in some cases at 900 º C), most samples exhibited a high density of NV0 and especially NV centers. This demonstrates that thermal treatment is essential for vacancy‑nitrogen recombination and NV formation, often through electron capture from nearby nitrogen atoms. Notably, we achieved high NV densities without graphitization, which is essential for preserving the material's properties for quantum applications. This study underscores and quantifies the effectiveness of MeV-range ions in controlling vacancy distributions and highlights their potential for optimizing NV center formation to enhance the sensitivity of diamond-based quantum magnetic sensorsThis research is supported by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033) through projects PID2021-127498NB-I00 and PID2022-137779OB-C42, as well as by Severo Ochoa program for Centers of Excellence (CEX2020-001039-S) and by “María de Maeztu” program for Units of Excellence in R&D (CEX2023-001316-M). A.A.G. and J.G.P. thanks for the fellowships under contracts PRE2022-103066 and PRE2022-102081, respectivel
Tailored recovery of antioxidant fractions enriched in caffeine and phenolic compounds from coffee pulp using ethanol-modified supercritical carbon dioxide
Get PDFCoffee pulp (CP) is the by-product of coffee processing that urgently needs to be revalorized using sustainable technologies. This work applied a design of experiment (DoE) for modeling the extraction of bioactive compounds from CP using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO 2 ) with ethanol as a co-solvent under variable conditions (temperature, pressure, and ethanol percentage). Considering extraction efficiency (per unit of CP) and extraction selectivity (per unit of extract), results showed that ethanol percentage significantly enhanced the efficiency of total phenolic content, as well as the selectivity of chlorogenic acid and protocatechuic acid (p < 0.05). The effects of temperature and pressure in EtOH-modified sc-CO 2 extraction exhibited non-linear patterns, highlighting the interaction between temperature and ethanol. Total phenolic content was responsible for the antioxidant activity of the EtOH-modified sc-CO 2 extracts, which was also affected by caffeine in the extracts. The extraction condition that balances both efficiency and selectivity was found at 65º C, 23 MPa, and 9 % ethanol as co-solvent. The extraction yield (5.8 mg/g CP) was 3.8 times and 6.7 times lower than that of aqueous and ethanolic extraction, respectively, indicating a relatively lower efficiency of sc-CO2 . However, the selectivity of caffeine (106.3 mg/g extract) and sum of identified phenolic compounds (16.3 mg/g extract) such as chlorogenic, protocatechuic, and caffeic acids, especially for protocatechuic acid (14.9 mg/g extract), was superior to conventional extraction, resulting in the better ABTS chemical (182.3 mg TE/g extract) and cellular antioxidant (384.9 U/mg extract) activities. The notable enrichment of caffeine and protocatechuic acid, together with the antioxidant potential observed in the EtOH-modified sc-CO 2 for functional food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industriesThe results are part of the TED2021-129262A-I00 project, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR. This work was also funded by the COPULPREC project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2022-138440OB-I00
Impact of psychiatric disorders on the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A propensity score matching case-control study
Get PDFPurpose This study aims to evaluate the association between psychiatric disorders and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated at a tertiary care hospital. 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: Methods A propensity score-matched case-control study was conducted, comprising a total sample of 194 participants (97 DKA cases and 97 controls without DKA). Comprehensive data were collected on clinical, anthropometric, and socioeconomic characteristics, and psychiatric disorders were classified according to international standards. Results The mean age of the participants was 47.4±17.7 years, with 55.6% being female. Psychiatric disorders were identified in 16.5% of the study population. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly higher in DKA cases compared to controls (24.7% vs. 7.2%, p<0.001). Conditional logistic regression models revealed that the association between psychiatric disorders and DKA was not independent of HbA1c levels. Additionally, in HbA1c-stratified analyses, patients with psychiatric disorders developed DKA at lower HbA1c levels compared to controls. Conclusion Psychiatric disorders significantly increase the risk of DKA in adults with T1D, particularly among those with less elevated HbA1c levels. These findings highlight the critical importance of addresing psychiatric comorbidities in the management of T1D, given the severe implications and significant healthcare resource utilization associated with DKAThis work was funding by Proyectos de Investigación en Salud PI19/00584, PI22/01404 and PMP22/00021 (funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Caloric restriction improves perceived exertion while conserving immunity, fatigue, inflammation, and physical performance in male professional soccer players: A controlled randomized trial
Get PDFPurpose: In athletes, caloric restriction (CR) improves physiological mechanisms, although its effects on professional soccer players are unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effects of CR on physical performance, fatigue, and inflammation in male professional soccer players compared with a no-restriction diet. Methods: This was a controlled, randomized, parallel-group study with 28 participants. The experimental group received a CR diet (−25% of recommended energy intake; mean caloric intake: 2650 kcal/d). Controls received a normal caloric (NC) diet (mean caloric intake: 3500 kcal/d). Both groups received a protein supplement. Six weeks of intervention were followed by 6 weeks without intervention. Thereafter, the participants were allowed to eat ad libitum. The study evaluated leukocytes, lymphocytes, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), urea, testosterone, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), countermovement-jump (CMJ), and squat jump (SJ). Results: Average age was 27.6 ± 4.4 years. After 6 and 12 weeks, differences between the two groups were insignificant in terms of the immune response, fatigue (CPK, urea, testosterone, and cortisol), and inflammation (LDH) (p > .05). The CR group had lower RPE levels at 12 weeks (0.01 vs. 0.62 points; p = .001) than the NC group. Conclusion: CR is an effective intervention for male professional soccer players, because it
decreased RPE while preserving biochemical parameter
The attenuated hepatic clearance of propionate increases cardiac oxidative stress in propionic acidemia
No full textPropionic acidemia (PA), arising from PCCA or PCCB variants, manifests as life-threatening cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias, with unclear pathophysiology. In this work, propionyl-CoA metabolism in rodent hearts and human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes was investigated with stable isotope tracing analysis. Surprisingly, gut microbiome-derived propionate rather than the propiogenic amino acids (valine, isoleucine, threonine, and methionine) or odd-chain fatty acids was found to be the primary cardiac propionyl-CoA source. In a Pcca−/−(A138T) mouse model and PA patients, accumulated propionyl-CoA and diminished acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 3 impede hepatic propionate disposal, elevating circulating propionate. Prolonged propionate exposure induced significant oxidative stress in PCCA knockdown HL-1 cells and the hearts of Pcca−/−(A138T) mice. Additionally, Pcca−/−(A138T) mice exhibited mild diastolic dysfunction after the propionate challenge. These findings suggest that elevated circulating propionate may cause oxidative damage and functional impairment in the hearts of patients with PAThis work is supported by the Propionic Acidemia Foundation award to G.F.Z. and E.R. (PAF113), NSFC cultivation project of Jining Medical University and Shandong Medical Science and Technology Development Project to Y.W. (No. JYP2019KJ05 and No.202303011337), NIH R21AA029784-01A1 to T.K., and NIH R01 AA030026 to X.C and G.F.Z., National Natural Science Foundation of China to T.\u00A0Q. T. (No.82100265). The authors express gratitude to Dr. Michael A. Barry (Mayo Clinic) for providing the Pcca -/- (A138T) mice breeders for this study
Combination of searches for singly and doubly charged Higgs bosons produced via vector-boson fusion in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Get PDFArtículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA combination of searches for singly and doubly charged Higgs bosons, H± and H±±, produced via vector-boson fusion is performed using 140 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. Searches targeting decays to massive vector bosons in leptonic final states (electrons or muons) are considered. New constraints are reported on the production cross-section times branching fraction for charged Higgs boson masses between 200 GeV and 3000 GeV. The results are interpreted in the context of the Georgi-Machacek model for which the most stringent constraints to date are set for the masses considered in the combinatio
Diabetes associated with HNF1B: Beyond Occam’s razor—a case report
Get PDFThis report presents a clinical case of diabetes associated with HNF1B in a patient who was initially enrolled in a clinical trial for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and received immunosuppressive treatment for four years. At the time, knowledge of monogenic diabetes was limited, leading to diagnoses that did not account for these genetic forms. This case also highlights the broad phenotypic spectrum of these genetic alterations and emphasizes the importance of considering this diagnosis even in the absence of a clear family histor
Dark energy survey year 3 results: likelihood-free, simulation-based wCDM inference with neural compression of weak-lensing map statistics
Get PDFArtículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMWe present simulation-based cosmological wcold dark matter (wCDM) inference using dark energy survey year 3 weak-lensing
maps, via neural data compression of weak-lensing map summary statistics: power spectra, peak counts, and direct map-level
compression/inference with convolutional neural networks (CNN). Using simulation-based inference, also known as likelihoodfree or implicit inference, we use forward-modelled mock data to estimate posterior probability distributions of unknown
parameters. This approach allows all statistical assumptions and uncertainties to be propagated through the forward-modelled
mock data; these include sky masks, non-Gaussian shape noise, shape measurement bias, source galaxy clustering, photometric
redshift uncertainty, intrinsic galaxy alignments, non-Gaussian density fields, neutrinos, and non-linear summary statistics. We
include a series of tests to validate our inference results. This paper also describes the Gower Street simulation suite: 791
full-sky PKDGRAV3 dark matter simulations, with cosmological model parameters sampled with a mixed active-learning strategy,
from which we construct over 3000 mock dark energy survey lensing data sets. For wCDM inference, for which we allow
−1 < w < −1
3 , our most constraining result uses power spectra combined with map-level (CNN) inference. Using gravitational
lensing data only, this map-level combination gives m = 0.283+0.020 −0.027, S8 = 0.804+0.025 −0.017, and w < −0.80 (with a 68 per cent
credible interval); compared to the power spectrum inference, this is more than a factor of two improvement in dark energy
parameter (DE, w) precisio
Bioconversion of conventional (olive leaves, olive pomace) and emerging (quinoa husk) agrifood by-products by Tenebrio molitor larvae
No full textThis study evaluated the bioconversion of agro-industrial by-products (dry olive leaves, OL; full-fat dry olive pomace, OP; and quinoa husk, QH) by Tenebrio molitor larvae, included at different levels in the substrates. Wheat bran (control diet) was replaced with OL (15, 30, 50%), OP (30, 50, 70, 90%), or QH (15, 30, 50%). Productive performance, dietary and larval nutritional composition, and fatty acid profile were determined. Low to moderate inclusion levels (OL and QH up to 15%, and OP up to 30%) supported larval growth comparable to control diets. These formulations maintained or improved the nutritional composition of the larvae, by increasing protein content and reducing lipid levels. In contrast, high inclusion levels caused nutritional imbalances in the diets, likely due to excessive fibre and low protein (for OL and QH) or high lipid, fiber, ash and low carbohydrate contents (for OP), together with high phenolic contents (for OL and OP), which likely affected feed intake and larval development. Additionally, the dietary fatty acid appeared to influence larval lipid composition. Larvae fed OP tended to accumulate more oleic acid and less linoleic acid. Moreover, high dietary lipid and fiber contents due to OP seemed to increase larval oleic acid content while reducing linoleic acid, whereas carbohydrate-rich diets had the opposite effect. Therefore, olive and quinoa by-products in T. molitor feeding offer a sustainable valorisation strategy offer these side streams, if macronutrient balance is maintained when specific levels of the by-products are used to ensure optimal larval growth and feed efficiencyThis research was supported by ENTOMOTIVE Project, PID2022-136238OB-I00 founded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/UE and the grant PREP2022-000828 founded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ESF