Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Prevalencia y coste de la insuficiencia respiratoria en emergencias prehospitalarias en la Comunidad de Madrid. Estudio SUMMIRA
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de Lectura: 02-06-2025El objetivo del estudio SUMMIRA fue conocer la prevalencia y el coste asistencial de las patologías respiratorias más frecuentemente atendidas en los Servicios de Emergencias Prehospitalarios (SEM) de la Comunidad de Madrid (CAM) entre 2014 y 2022.
Método: Estudio descriptivo multicéntrico realizado en el SEM prehospitalario de la CAM desde 2014 hasta 2022. Se valoraron las historias clínicas anonimizadas de los pacientes atendidos por Soporte Vital Avanzado (SVA) con diagnóstico médico según CIE-9-CM (Código Internacional de Enfermedades-9): Insuficiencia Respiratoria Aguda (IRA) no relacionada con Insuficiencia respiratoria crónica (IRC), Agudización de Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (AEPOC), Edema Agudo de Pulmón (EAP), Insuficiencia Cardiaca Congestiva (ICC) y Broncoespasmo (no asma ni EPOC). Se recogió la prevalencia de cada patología y su evolución desde 2014 hasta 2022, el coste por asistencia y el impacto económico directo (coste asistencial de cada patología multiplicado por el número de asistencias requeridas por el SVA).
Resultados: Se incluyeron 115.412 casos. La patología mayoritaria fue la AEPOC, con una prevalencia del 0,07% en 2014 que desciende al 0,03% en 2020. Le siguió la ICC, con 0,06% en 2014 al 0,03% en 2020. El EAP tuvo una prevalencia del 0,01% en 2014, disminuyendo al 0,005% en 2020. El mayor impacto económico fue en la AEPOC en el 2015 con un coste anual de 2.726.893 euros.
Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la AEPOC en la CAM fue mayor que el resto de las afecciones respiratorias estudiadas. En 2020 ,con la pandemia de COVID-19, se observó una disminución de la prevalencia y de los costes de casi todas, excepto en la IRA no relacionada con enfermedad crónica. El coste estimado de estas patologías en 9 años fue de 70.5 millones de euro
Migration strategies, connectivity and corridor features of the partial migrant little bustard (Tetrax tetrax) across the Iberian Peninsula
No full textThe study of migration ecology is crucial for understanding the factors and pressures affecting migratory species.
Here, we studied the migratory ecology of the little bustard (Tetrax tetrax), a steppe bird that has suffered a sharp
decline over recent decades, mainly due to agricultural intensification. Using 105 adult birds tagged across the
main Iberian regions where the species is present (Alentejo, Extremadura, Ebro Valley, Northern Plateau, Southern
Plateau and Guadalquivir Valley), we analysed the ratio of migratory and resident birds in each population
and assessed their connectivity during the three main migratory periods (summer, winter and pre-breeding).
Additionally, we describe the features of the migrations recorded in terms of length, duration and day period. Our
results corroborate that little bustards can be considered partial migrants across Iberia, although the proportion
of residents versus migrants varied between populations: the Alentejo (94.74%) and Northern Plateau (93.75%)
had the highest proportion of migrants, followed by Guadalquivir Valley (81.82%), Extremadura (65.38%), Southern
Plateau (55.56%) and Ebro Valley (25.93%). Migratory connectivity varied between periods: the pre-breeding and
summering migrations showed a trend to move northwards, while birds moved southwards for winter. Regarding
the migratory corridors obtained from the 253 migrations identified, we found three main routes: one corridor that
connects the Northern Plateau with the western part of the Southern Plateau and Extremadura, another one that
connects the Southern Plateau, Extremadura, Alentejo and Guadalquivir Valley, and one corridor that concentrates
migrations within the Ebro Valley, and between the Ebro Valley and the Southern Plateau. Finally, analyses showed
that little bustards migrate at night through areas dominated by herbaceous cover (avoiding tree-covered land and
water bodies) and of low elevation and terrain roughness. Our results highlight the importance of developing an
international and inter-regional conservation strategy to protect not only the breeding and wintering quarters, but
also this endangered species’ migratory corridors, thus supporting the viability of the metapopulationThis paper contributes to project Memorandum of Understanding between
the International Fund for Houbara Conservation (IFHC) and Fundación
Patrimonio Natural (FPN) de Castilla y León, the Chair UAM-CTFC-TotalEnergies
Steppe Forward, ELECTROSTEPPE Project (TED2021-130352B-I00; funded by
MCIN/AEI/ h t t p s : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 1 3 0 3 9 / 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 3 and the European Union
“NextGenerationEU”/PRTR), the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research
and Innovation Program (Grant Agreement Number 857251) and the project
NORTE-01–0246-FEDER-000063 (supported by Norte Portugal Regional
Operational Program—NORTE2020 -, under the Portugal 2020 Partnership
Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund—ERDF).
David González del Portillo’s contract was financed by Comunidad de Madrid
through the Youth Employment Initiative programme of the European Social
Fund (contract no. PRED_16048) and the Chair UAM-CTFC-TotalEnergies
Steppe Forward. Bird tracking was funded by: EDP S.A. “Fundação para
a Biodiversidade”; Movetech Telemetry; Enel, Green Power España, SL;
EcoEnergías del Guadiana S.A.; NATURGY RENOVABLES, SLU
Cocoa shell extract restores redox balance in developmental hypertension in male rats: Roles of Nrf2, SOD2 and p-eNOS
No full textBackground and objectives: Hypertension is a worldwide burden, for which fetal malnutrition is a risk factor. Another societal challenge is environmental waste. Our research focusses on cocoa shell extract (CSE), a cocoa by-product with antioxidant bioactive components. Male rats exposed to fetal malnutrition develop hypertension and endothelial dysfunction, which are improved by CSE supplementation. We hypothesized that effects of CSE are related to an antioxidant action. Methods: Adult male and female offspring of dams exposed to 50% food restriction during gestation (MUN) and controls were supplemented for 3 weeks with CSE (250 mg/kg/day) or a vehicle. We assessed plasma SOD activity, GSH and carbonyls (via spectrophotometry) and aortic expression of enzymes related to ROS degradation or production (via Western blotting). Results: MUN males showed lower Nrf2 expression and increased carbonyls, SOD activity and mitochondrial SOD2 expression, without alterations in GSH or the related enzyme CGLM. No changes in xanthine oxidase or NADPH subunits (p22phox and p47phox) were detected, suggesting a different origin of superoxide anion. Phosphorylated-eNOS/eNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine expression were increased without changes in plasma nitrates. MUN females only showed plasma SOD and aortic 3-nitrotyrosine elevation. CSE supplementation reduced SOD2 and p-eNOS/eNOS expression and SOD activity and increased Nrf2 expression. Conclusions: MUN arteries exhibit oxidative damage, with a higher impact on males. SOD2 and p-eNOS/e-NOS overexpression may be a counteracting mechanism that compensates for superoxide anion overproduction, likely involving mitochondria. The reversal of these alterations by CSE supplementation is probably related to a reduction in vascular superoxide anion through a direct scavenging action of its bioactive components. A longer supplementation period may be needed to increase endogenous antioxidants through Nrf2 and to reduce oxidative–nitrosative damageThis research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain), grant number RTI2018-097504-B-I00, co-financed with FEDER funds and the Excellence Line (2019–2023) for University Teaching Staff within the Multiannual Agreement between the Community of Madrid (Spain)—UA
A multimodal dataset for understanding the impact of mobile phones on remote online virtual education
No full textThis work presents the IMPROVE dataset, a multimodal resource designed to evaluate the effects
of mobile phone usage on learners during online education. It includes behavioral, biometric,
physiological, and academic performance data collected from 120 learners divided into three groups
with different levels of phone interaction, enabling the analysis of the impact of mobile phone usage
and related phenomena such as nomophobia. A setup involving 16 synchronized sensors—including
EEG, eye tracking, video cameras, smartwatches, and keystroke dynamics—was used to monitor learner
activity during 30-minute sessions involving educational videos, document reading, and multiplechoice
tests. Mobile phone usage events, including both controlled interventions and uncontrolled
interactions, were labeled by supervisors and refined through a semi-supervised re-labeling process.
Technical validation confirmed signal quality, and statistical analyses revealed biometric changes
associated with phone usage. The dataset is publicly available for research through GitHub and Science
Data Bank, with synchronized recordings from three platforms (edBB, edX, and LOGGE), provided in
standard formats (.csv, .mp4, .wav, and .tsv), and accompanied by a detailed guideThis work has been supported by projects: HumanCAIC (TED2021-131787B-I00 MICINN), BIOPROCTORING
(GNOSS Program, Agreement Ministerio de Defensa-UAM-FUAM dated 29-03-2022), SNOLA
(RED2022-134284-T), e-Madrid-CM (S2018/TCS4307), and M2RAI (PID2024-160053OB-I00 MICIU/FEDER).
Research partially funded by the Autonomous Community of Madrid. A. Morales is supported by the Madrid
Government (Comunidad de Madrid-Spain) under the Multiannual Agreement with Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid in the line of Excellence for the University Teaching Staff in the context of the V PRICIT (Regional
Programme of Research and Technological Innovation)
Evolution of steel-bentonite interactions under hydrothermal gradients: Mineralogical and geochemical implications for nuclear waste disposal
No full textCarbon steel and bentonite are chosen as engineered barriers for high-level radioactive waste containment in deep geological repositories, which requires an evaluation of their long-term interactions to ensure durability. Two laboratory experiments were conducted under hydrothermal gradients with steel-Ca-Mg-Na-bentonite and Na-bentonite unsaturated columns over 25 and 27 months, respectively. The experiments measured changes in the porewater distribution, the specific surface area, the cation exchange capacity of the bentonites, and the oxidation state of Fe. These were determined in different sections along the columns. Mineralogical analyses were performed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained showed water saturation at the conclusion of the experimental time. The specific surface area of bentonites decreased near the steel interface, while the cation exchange capacity exhibited an overall increase. The corrosion rate decreased over time, with bentonite showing enriched Fe content within the first 3.5 mm from the steel interface. New Fe- bearing minerals, including ferri-chlorite, magnetite, hematite, maghemite, and siderite, were identified as reaction products at the steel-bentonite interface. Aqueous species are redistributed in the bentonite’s porewater, increasing with time the concentrations of Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and SO 4 2 and decreasing those of Fe, due to the imposed hydraulic gradient and the precipitation reactions. This study compares the evolution of these bentonite properties with a previous study at short experimental times of 1 and 6 months of reaction. These findings are relevant to deep geological disposal conditions, where bentonite influences the formation and nature of iron clay minerals over timeThis research has been developed by the UAM ACMe research group to support the WP.2 EURAD-ACED project results, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement No. 84759
Tracking Abdominal-B Expression and Function in the Fly Internal Reproductive System by Explants Imaging
No full textHox genes specify identities mainly in the anteroposterior axis in various animal tissues, some of them forming part of the internal organs and systems. The expression and activity of these genes have been analyzed mainly in Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, and in mouse; in the former, the functional study of Hox genes has been detailed predominantly in epidermal structures, but their role in internal organs poses some challenges, particularly in pupae. One of these genes, Abdominal-B, dictates the development of many internal organs in the posterior abdomen of the fly, yet techniques for its analysis, like in vivo time-lapse, have long been impractical. The protocol outlined in this chapter presents a simple and effective method that not only addresses this issue but also opens up new approaches to previously inaccessible in vivo developmental questions, such as the spatial challenges of abdominal organ packing and the minimal requirements for the coordinated growth of organ
Assessing CLIL students’ expression of Explore across languages and school disciplines: An interdisciplinary approach
No full textAssessment of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) students' content and language academic performance is a pending issue in CLIL, particularly as disciplinary requirements (content and language) shape teachers' expectations of what is acceptable or not in students' expression of meanings, thus, making it difficult for teachers to share the same/similar assessment criteria. In this chapter, we focus on CLIL students' expression of the cognitive discourse function (CDF) Explore. First, we analysed the same CLIL students' realizations of the CDF Explore in English (L2) and Spanish (L1) in response to prompts eliciting this CDF in different disciplines; second, CLIL content and language teachers assessed students' expressions of Explore individually using comparative judgement, where pairs of texts are compared and a final ranking of students' texts (from the best valued to the worst valued) is generated; third, we analysed content and language teachers' joint reflections on the results of their comparative judgements in a focus group seminar (also together with the researchers). The results show students' fluency as well as challenges in the use of grammar resources in the expression of Explore. Interestingly, teachers' judgements did not tend to focus on the specific language for the expression of Explor
Decoding regioselectivity in Cu-catalyzed borylation of alkynes: Insights from machine learning and artificial intelligence
No full textCuI-catalyzed hydroboration of alkynes is a cost-effective route to trans-alkenyl boronates (valuable intermediates for C−C cross-coupling) but controlling regioselectivity in these reactions is challenging. Here, we address this challenge by developing a machine learning model, using high-throughput computational-derived descriptors and a combined experimental/literature data set to predict regioselectivity (expressed as ΔΔG‡). The resulting support vector regression (SVR) model achieved high accuracy (cross-validated R2 > 0.8, RMSE ∼0.4−0.6 kcal/mol) and revealed mechanistically relevant trends through feature importance analysis. For example, the model rationalizes why certain N-donor ligands that fail to promote Cu-catalyzed hydroboration can effectively catalyze alkyne hydrosilylation, linking this divergence to differences in geometric ligand descriptors. Moreover, ML-guided screening identified promising ligands that improved hydroboration outcomes (increased yield and regioselectivity), as confirmed in experiments (e.g., enabling reduced catalyst loading without sacrificing selectivity). Overall, this integrated ML strategy offers a powerful tool for understanding and predicting regioselectivity in CuI-mediated reactions and, with appropriate calibration, could be extended to other organocopper systemsWe thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) for financial support (projects PID2021-127655NB-I00, TED2021-129970B-C22 and PID2024-160297NB-I00). G.M.A. thanks the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIU/AEI), for a Torres-Quevedo postdoctoral fellowship (PTQ2023-012950
Estudio cuantitativo sobre la motivación intrínseca vinculado al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias utilizando dispositivos electrónicos en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Formación del Profesorado y Educación, Departamento de Didácticas Específicas. Fecha de Lectura: 04-06-2025A causa de la creciente falta de motivación en las ciencias experimentales, en esta investigación se ha analizado cuantitativamente la relación entre la motivación intrínseca y el instrumento de aprendizaje empleado (libro de texto, ordenador portátil y tableta) por el alumnado en el aula así como su género. Los resultados se obtuvieron gracias al test de motivación intrínseca basado en la teoría de la autodeterminación de Deci y Ryan y compuesto por 20 preguntas escala Likert. Dichas preguntas se agrupan en los componentes motivacionales del interés, la competencia percibida, el valor de tarea, el esfuerzo, la presión y la relación con el profesorado. Después de haber analizado e interpretado los datos, se concluye que, de acuerdo con la literatura estudiada, el alumnado que emplea el ordenador portátil en su proceso de aprendizaje de las ciencias está más motivado intrínsecamente que aquellos que emplean la tableta o el libro de texto, en quienes no se produce dicho aumento de la motivación. También que no hay ninguna relación entre la motivación intrínseca y el género del alumnado cuando emplean dispositivos electrónicos como instrumento de aprendizajeDue to the growing lack of motivation in experimental sciences, this research has quantitatively analyzed the relationship between intrinsic motivation and the learning instrument (textbook, laptop and tablet) used by students in the classroom. It is based on the hypothesis that the use of mobile electronic devices causes an increase in the intrinsic motivation of adolescents towards science. The results were obtained thanks to the intrinsic motivation inventory based on the self-determination theory of Deci and Ryan and composed of 20 Likert scale questions. It was previously validated by other researchers. These questions are grouped into the motivational components of interest, perceived competence, usefulness, effort, felt pressure and relatedness. After having analyzed and interpreted the data, it was concluded that, in accordance with the literature studied, the students who use a laptop in their science learning process are more intrinsically motivated than those who use a tablet or a textbook, in whom this increase in motivation does not occur. It was also found that there is no relationship between intrinsic motivation and student gender when electronic devices are used as the main learning instrumen
Structural change and the Spanish productivity paradox
No full textThis paper analyzes the countercyclical nature of productivity in Spain from 1995 to 2018, focusing on the role of structural changes and the manufacturing sector’s contribution. Using the subsystems approach, we employ total labor productivity (TLP) as an alternative productivity indicator. Unlike conventional measures, TLP incorporates all inputs and intersectoral dependencies, providing a more comprehensive perspective on productivity dynamics. Our findings reveal that Spain' s aggregate productivity paradox is driven by the expansion and contraction of low-productivity sectors, which contributed negatively to productivity during periods of economic growth and positively during recessions due to significant job losses. Additionally, the deceleration of manufacturing productivity is attributed to extensive outsourcing to less productive sectors. Manufacturing does not exhibit countercyclical productivity trends, and its productivity growth has slowed since the Great Recession. This analysis offers valuable insights into the Spanish economy’s productive specialization and productivity evolution, with implications for broader economic development processesUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid, FPI-2020, Miguel Ángel Casaú Guira