Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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More than food production: Assemblages of values underpinning women-led agroecological initiatives
Get PDF1. Agroecology advocates the transformation to sustainable agri-food systems by renouncing production maximization and holistically integrating ecological and social aspects. The new peasantry fosters such sustainable agri-food systems based on agroecological principles, driven by values of care for nature and people. In fact, values ascribed to nature can be pivotal in promoting sustainable agrifood systems. Exploring which values, that is intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values, underpin agroecological initiatives and how they are assembled in farmingpractices could hold promise for moving towards agroecological transitions. 2. We performed semi-structured interviews with 15 new peasantry women who were active managers of agroecological initiatives in rural areas of the Madrid region, Spain. 3. We found that new peasantry women expressed plural values of nature and frequently mentioned the relational values of meaningful occupation, care of nature and steward ship, and social relations. 4. Values were articulated in three assemblages in which the (in-)dependency of the values differed: co-occurrence, bundling and blending. In co-occurrence, the values coexisted without relating to each other. In bundling, the values were linked creating a narrative but their existence does not depend on each other. In blending, the values were mutually dependent. We found that instrumental and relational values often blended. 5. We conclude that the plural and assembled appearance of values align with agro-ecological principles, being key to achieving bottom-up agroecological transitions that care and have a sense of duty for biodiversity and fellow humansSpanish Women´s Institute, Ministry of Equality, Grant/Award Number: 26-1- ID22; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Grant/Award Number: FPI-UAM; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant/Award Number: MA 7670/2-1; Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Grant/Award Number: FSE+ PID2022-138972OA-I0
Local climatic effects on colonisation and extinction drive changes in mountain butterfly communities
Get PDFAim: The capacity of cool refugia to protect cold-adapted species against climate change may depend on both their initial climatic conditions and how quickly these change. We test how local climatic conditions influence mountain butterfly communities via their effects on colonisation and local extinction. Location: Four mountain ranges in Central Spain. Methods: We used community temperature index (CTI), based on the climatic niches of constituent species (species temperature index, STI), to estimate thermal affinities for butterfly communities sampled in 1984–2005 to 2017–2022. We related CTI to local temperature, estimated using the model Microclima, and tested for changes to local temperature and CTI over time. We used standard deviation in CTI (CTISD) and species richness to detect effects of colonisation and local extinction on community change. Finally, we tested for differences in thermal affinity and thermal niche breadth (STISD) between species undergoing local extinction or colonisation at each site. Results: CTI was positively related to local temperature in both periods. However, there were regional differences in rates of change in CTI and local temperature. CTI increased overall, even though temperatures decreased at many sites; and CTI increases were greatest in historically cool sites. Neither CTISD nor species richness changed overall, suggesting that communities experienced equivalent numbers of colonisations and extinctions. Colonising species had warmer thermal affinities than those undergoing local extinction, and species with broader thermal niches increased their occupancy most over time. Main Conclusions: Local climatic conditions influenced changes to community composition based on species thermal tolerances, resulting in the loss of communities where cool-affinity species predominated, and a narrower range of community thermal affinities overall. Our results suggest that a regional perspective to identifying climate change refugia is needed to provide a wide range of local climate conditions and rates of change to help adapt conservation to climate chang
Euclid preparation: LIV. Sensitivity to neutrino parameters
Get PDFArtículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMContext. The Euclid mission of the European Space Agency will deliver weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering surveys that can be used to constrain the standard cosmological model and extensions thereof. Aims. We present forecasts from the combination of the Euclid photometric galaxy surveys (weak lensing, galaxy clustering, and their cross-correlations) and its spectroscopic redshift survey with respect to their sensitivity to cosmological parameters. We include the summed neutrino mass, Σmν, and the effective number of relativistic species, Neff, in the standard Λ CDM scenario and in the dynamical dark energy (w0waCDM) scenario. Methods. We compared the accuracy of different algorithms predicting the non-linear matter power spectrum for such models. We then validated several pipelines for Fisher matrix and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) forecasts, using different theory codes, algorithms for numerical derivatives, and assumptions on the non-linear cut-off scale. Results. The Euclid primary probe
Manual de usuario del Sistema de Observación de la Competencia Futbolística (FOCOS)
No full textEste manual de usuario desarrolla en castellano el procedimiento de utilización de FOCOS, diseñado y validado en el siguiente trabajo científico: Sánchez-López, R., Echeazarra, I., & Castellano, J. (2021). Validation of a Football Competence Observation System (FOCOS), Linked to Procedural Tactical Knowledge. Sustainability, 13(12), 6780. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126780El dataset que respalda los resultados de este estudio se encuentra archivado en el repositorio de datos e-cienciaDatos en https://doi.org/10.21950/QVNP6SEl Sistema de Observación de la Competencia Futbolística (FOCOS) fue la primera herramienta observacional, diseñada ad hoc y recogida en la literatura científica, que se estructuró de forma interactiva a partir de los roles, las acciones de los subroles, los principios operacionales y los principios fundamentales o específicos del fútbol, permitiendo un análisis en profundidad de las actuaciones de los jugadores. Desde su publicación en lengua inglesa en 2021, se ha despertado un interés progresivo por su utilización en diversas partes del mundo. Por esta razón, el siguiente Manual tiene por objetivos: I) presentar en castellano el marco de análisis de FOCOS, definiendo sus criterios y categorías, contribuyendo a un mejor conocimiento y una aplicación eficaz; 2) explicar de manera didáctica cómo utilizar FOCOS, profundizando en los procedimientos de aplicación, registro, tratamiento y análisis de datos y 3) arrojar luz sobre los aspectos más relevantes y complejos que giran en torno a su uso, facilitando su comprensión y disminuyendo las dificultades encontradas. La consecución de estos objetivos pretende contribuir a la utilización válida, fiable y ética del instrumento con fines científicos o deportivo
The impact of the digital economy and institutional quality in promoting low-carbon energy transition
Get PDFGiven the threat of climate change, the renewable energy transition will play a pivotal role in reaching net-zero goals. The digital economy and institutional quality are considered key enablers of the rapid deployment of renewable energy because they can strengthen the reliability and security of energy systems. This study examines the impacts of the digital economy and institutional quality on renewable energy deployment across 85 countries from 2003 to 2021 using a Two-Step System GMM. The selection of a dynamic panel model is motivated by the path-dependent nature of renewable energy deployment. Sub-sample analyses are conducted to account for the diversity of the dataset in terms of energy mixes, levels of economic development, digital infrastructures, and institutional qualities. A dynamic threshold regression analysis is then conducted to determine the non-linearity of fossil fuel dependence on the impact of the digital economy and institutional quality on renewable energy deployment. The estimates reveal that the digital economy promotes renewable energy deployment, whereas institutional quality has an ambiguous effect. Additionally, depending on the degree of fossil fuel dependency, the impacts of both the digital economy and institutional quality vary significantly and exhibit non-linear and asymmetric feature
A rationally designed azobenzene photoswitch for DNA G-quadruplex regulation in live cells
Get PDFG-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures are increasingly acknowledged as promising targets in cancer research, and the development of G4-specific stabilizing compounds may lay a fundamental foundation in precision medicine for cancer treatment. Here, we propose a light-responsive G4-binder for precise modulation of drug activation, providing dynamic and spatiotemporal control over G4-associated biological processes contributing to cancer cell death. We developed a specialized fluorinated azobenzene (AB) switch equipped with a quinoline unit and a positively charged carboxamide side chain, Q-Azo4F-C, designed for targeted binding to G4 structures within cells. Biophysical studies, combined with molecular dynamics simulations, provide insights into the unique coordination modes of the photoswitchable ligand in its trans and cis configurations when interacting with G4s. The observed variations in complexation processes between the two isomeric states in different cancer cell lines manifest in more than 25-fold reversible cytotoxic activity. Immunostaining conducted with the structure-specific G4 antibody (BG4), establishes a direct correlation between cytotoxicity and the varying extent of G4 induction regulated by the two isoforms. Finally, we demonstrate the photo-driven reversible regulation of G4 structures in lung cancer cells by Q-Azo4F-C. Our findings highlight the potential of light-responsive G4-binders in advancing precision cancer therapy through dynamic control of G4-mediated pathwaysThis work was supported by the National Science Center (NCN, Poland) under the Sonata project No. UMO-2021/43/D/ST4/00997. M. Du. acknowledges financial support from Wrocław University of Science and Technology and Academia Iuvenum. All cellular studies were conducted at Umeå University in N.S laboratory during M.Du.’s short-term internship. M.De. would like to acknowledge financial support from project No. 2022/47/P/NZ5/01156, which is co-funded by the National Science Centre and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 945339. M.De also thanks the Swedish Cancer Society for providing financial support through the postdoctoral fellowship (21 0302 PT 01 H). We acknowledge the Biochemical Imaging Center (BICU) at Umeå University and the National Microscopy Infrastructure, NMI(VR-RFI 2019-00217) for providing assistance in microscopy, the Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS) at Umeå University for access to the Synergy H4 microplate reader, and the Protein Production Sweden (a national research infrastructure funded by the Swedish Research Council) at Umeå University for purification of the BG4 antibody. Work in N. S. lab received support from the Swedish Cancer Society (22 2380 Pj 01 H), the Swedish Research Council (VR-MH 2021-02468), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundations (KAW 2021.0173). L.L.-P. acknowledges the FPU22/02196 grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICINN). J.J.N. acknowledges the financial support from the Comunidad de Madrid through the Attraction of Talent Program (Grant reference 2022-5A/BMD-24244) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) through the project PID2022-138470NB-I00
Recognition of static and dynamic emotional facial expressions in mild cognitive impairment, healthy elderly and young people
No full textThe data that support the findings of this study are openly available in OSF at http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VZ3KTThe dataset that supports the findings of this study are archived in the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid data repository e‐cienciaDatos in https://doi.org/10.21950/X5HKUZIntroduction: The ability to recognize emotions is essential for social cognition, and its impairment can affect social interactions, contributing to loneliness and the worsening of issues in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aims to investigate the ability to recognize emotional facial expressions in MCI individuals compared to healthy elderly and young individuals.
Method: We evaluated 27 MCI individuals, 31 healthy elderly, and 29 healthy young participants using two tasks: one with static facial expressions (photographs) and another with dynamic ones (video clips).
Results: The younger group recognized all negative emotional expressions better than the other two groups and also performed better on neutral expressions compared to MCI patients. The healthy elderly group outperformed MCI patients in recognizing most expressions, except for happiness and neutral. Additionally, the ability to recognize dynamic expressions was superior to static ones across all groups for several emotions.
Discussion: These results emphasize the importance of assessing the ability to recognize emotional facial expressions within neuropsychological protocols, to help detect this condition early on. Given the pivotal role that emotional facial expressions play in social interactions, these difficulties can contribute to a decline in such interactions and an increase in social isolationThis publication forms part of the I + D + i PID2022-142088NB-100 project, which is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universitie
Non-hierarchic leadership collaboration: Exploring the adoption of AI-driven social networking for addressing social challenges in an extra-organizational environment
Get PDFThe literature has explained how technology adoption and usage is affected by many socio-technical issues and how the emergence and evolution of networks is key for innovation. However, empirical analysis of interactions between leadership networks and new artificial intelligence-driven technologies is scarce. To shed new light on leadership communities around the adoption of an existing and a new technology related to leadership networks, we analyze the level of socio-digital engagement of a non-hierarchical network of individuals associated with a prestigious Spanish Foundation in the context of pressing social challenges. We apply a methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative methods, sentiment analysis, and insider research to analyze the strategy applied by the Foundation. Our main results show that the existence of strong, trust-based relationships and the introduction of a well-designed AI-based tool may only have a limited effect on the adoption of technology and the evolution of a network. Specifically, in the case studied, the network of leaders around the Foundation comprised peer leadership networks but not collective leadership networks focused on action on social challenges
Cuestiones fundamentales de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo tras la LO 2/2010, de 3 de marzo
No full textLos remedios contractuales en la Propuesta de modernización del Código civil de 2023: un estudio crítico de la resolución por incumplimiento
No full textEste trabajo ofrece un análisis crítico de la resolución por incumplimiento en la Propuesta de Modernización del Código Civil de 2023, retomando y perfeccionando los avances introducidos en la Propuesta de 2009. Se examina cómo el nuevo texto consolida una concepción unitaria, amplia y neutra del incumplimiento, centrada en la insatisfacción del interés del acreedor, y cómo articula la resolución como uno de los remedios contractuales disponibles. El estudio aborda los supuestos que habilitan la resolución (incumplimiento esencial, transcurso de plazo adicional, riesgo patente de incumplimiento), su ejercicio, la pérdida del derecho a resolver, y sus efectos liberatorios y restitutorios. Asimismo, se analiza su compatibilidad con la indemnización de daños. El trabajo concluye que la Propuesta de 2023 representa un avance significativo hacia un modelo más sistemático, moderno y alineado con el Derecho contractual europeo, aunque plantea desafíos interpretativos que requerirán desarrollo doctrinal y jurisprudencialThis paper offers a critical analysis of termination for non-performance in the 2023 Proposal for the Modernisation of the Spanish Civil Code, revisiting and refining the advances introduced in the 2009 Proposal. It examines how the new text consolidates a unitary, broad, and neutral conception of non-performance, focused on the unsatisfaction of the creditor’s interests, and how it frames termination as one of the available contractual remedies. The study explores the grounds for termination (fundamental non-performance, expiration of an additional period, and anticipatory non-performance), the exercise of the remedy, the loss of the right to terminate, and its liberatory and restitutionary effects. It also analyses the compatibility between termination and damages. The paper concludes that the 2023 Proposal represents a significant step towards a more systematic, modern, and European-aligned model of contractual remedies, while also identifying interpretative challenges that will require further doctrinal and judicial developmen