Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Quality of life measures in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic literature review of patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) and their psychometric properties
No full textBackground Quality-of-life (QoL) measures are key for monitoring health of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Objective This systematic review aimed to gather evidence on the psychometric properties of available patient-reported
outcomes measures (PROMs) for assessing QoL in people with PD (PwPD).
Methods A search of PROMs was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PSICDOC, and
‘gray literature’ (April 2024, PROSPERO-ID: CRD42024526458). After screening and data extraction, in a two-phase procedure
conducted by independent reviewers, a critical assessment of feasibility, validity (content, structural, known-group,
and criterion) and reliability (internal consistency, test–retest, and measurement error) was conducted based on the COSMIN
criteria for good psychometric properties.
Results The search identified 83 eligible studies from which 29 PROMs were gathered (15 PD-specific and 14 generic/
unspecific PROMs validated for PD). All PROMs proved their feasibility and included common dimensions between them,
suggesting adequate content validity. Among the 29 PROMs, 17 reported data on structural validity (58.6%), 20 on knowngroup
validity (69.0%), 25 on criterion validity (86.2%), 23 on internal consistency (79.3%), 11 on test–retest validity (37.9%),
and 4 on measurement error (13.8%). According to the COSMIN criteria, 6 PROMs have the potential to be the most suitable
QoL measure for PwPD: PDQ-39, PDQ-8, PDQL, PDQUALIF, PIMS, and Neuro-QOL.
Conclusions Several PROMs are feasible, valid, and reliable for measuring QoL in PwPD. However, further research ensuring
their psychometric properties and cross-cultural adaptations are needed to recommend their us
Impact of dietary patterns on pain and quality of life in ovarian and deep endometriosis: observational study for nutritional interventions
No full textBackground
Endometriosis impairs multiple dimensions of women’s lives. Ovarian endometrioma and deep endometriosis present distinct clinical profiles. The dietary pattern has shown controversial data both for pain control and in the effect on women’s vitality and physical health. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and quality-of-life outcomes and pain perception in women with endometrioma and deep endometriosis.
Methods
This cross-sectional observational study included 40 Spanish-women grouped as controls, with endometrioma, or deep endometriosis. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and was estimated macronutrient and food group intake, as well as adherence to DASH-diet, Mediterranean adherence, and healthy eating index. They were measured bodily pain, vitality, general health, and quality of life dimensions specific to endometriosis.
Results
Dietary supplement use was higher in women with deep endometriosis (70%) compared to controls (13.3%, P = 0.015). Women with endometrioma consumed more dietary fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol than controls and, their adherence to the Mediterranean diet (control = 29.1 ± 5.0; endometrioma = 24.1 ± 7.2) and healthy eating index (control = 57.3 ± 3.9; endometrioma = 49.6 ± 8.0) were significantly lower. Dairy intake was lower in endometriosis groups compared to controls, while meat, snack, and fat consumption was higher in the endometrioma group. Furthermore, fat intake negatively impacted physical and reproductive health in endometriosis, while adherence to healthy dietary patterns was associated with improved life-outcomes.
Conclusions
Dietary patterns impact the health of women with ovarian and deep endometriosis, especially regarding pain and quality of life. Women with endometrioma have poor dietary habits, which affect sexual function and vitality. Targeted dietary interventions, particularly focusing on healthy fats, may improve pain symptoms and overall well-bein
Physical activity, depression, and all-cause mortality risk in older adults: The Seniors-ENRICA cohorts
No full textAim: To examine the association of types and intensities of physical activity (PA) and depression with all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort of older adults, where evidence is scarce or inconsistent. Methods: We analysed data from 2060 and 3263 older adults (70.5 ± 5.5 years; 2800 women) participating in the Seniors-ENRICA 1 and 2 cohorts, respectively. Time spent in walking, gardening, do-it-yourself (DIY) activities, housework, cycling, and sports was self-reported using the EPIC questionnaire. PA was categorized by intensity as follows: light (LPA; walking+housework), moderate (MPA; gardening+DIY), and vigorous PA (VPA; cycling+sports); in addition, moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) and total PA were computed. Depression was measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-10) score ≥ 3. All-cause mortality was ascertained up to January 31, 2024. Multivariable regression models were used to examine associations, adjusting for key confounders. Results: Inverse associations were observed between all types and intensities of PA and both depression at baseline, except for cycling. In participants with depression, time spent in housework, sports, LPA, VPA, and total PA was similarly associated with reduced mortality risk. Meeting MVPA recommendations was associated with a 20 % and 32 % lower mortality in individuals without and with depression, respectively. In dose-response analyses, participants with depression who engaged in the same volume of PA as those without depression experienced a greater reduction in mortality risk. Conclusion: PA was associated with lower odds of prevalent depression in older adults. Notably, older adults with depression experienced greater mortality benefits from comparable levels of physical activity than those without depressionMADJ was supported by a “Predoctoral Training in Health Research” contract (FI21/00178) from the Carlos III Health Institute and the European Social Fund - “Investing in your future”. VCS was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (IJC2018- 038008-I). MSP was supported by a “Ramon y Cajal” contract (RYC- 2018-025069-I). DMG was supported by a “Ramon y Cajal” contract (RYC-2016-20546). Data collection in the Seniors-ENRICA 2 cohort was supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III, Secretary State for R+D+I, and the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund: FIS grants 22/1111; the European Union “NextGenerationEU/ PRTR” (PLEC2022-009352 grant); and the ISCIII-CDTI and the European Union “NextGenerationEU/PRTR” (PMPTA22/00107, PMPTA23/ 00012 and CPP2022-009718 grants). Red EXERNET-Red de Ejercicio Físico y Salud (RED2022-134800-T); Consejo Superior de Deportes (EXP_75097), European UnionNextGenerationEU, Gobierno de España, Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte, Plan de Recuperaci´ on, Transformación y Resilenci
Response rate and long-term survival in patients with advanced melanoma: data from the prospective cohort study gem-1801
No full text"Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM".Purpose Anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy and targeted therapies (TT) are the current standard of care for patients with advanced melanoma. However, some patients die in less than a year from diagnosis and others become long-survivors. An accurate description of systemic treatments and patients’ characteristics of long-term survivors are needed to guide treatment decisions in clinical practice.
Methods GEM-1801 is a multi-cohort prospective study from the Spanish Multidisciplinary Melanoma Group that includes patients with resectable stage III or unresectable stage III/IV melanoma. Patients surviving at least 5 years and patients surviving less than 1 year since diagnosis were selected. Baseline characteristics and first and second-line systemic treatments are described and compared between groups.
Results From Aug 2018 to Dec 2023, 60 patients with long-term survival and 216 patients with short-term survival were included. Long-term survivors received immunotherapy (65%), including anti-PD-1 in 86% and combination of an anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 in 14%; and TT (35%). The Objective Response Rate (ORR) was 76% for anti-PD-1, 80% for combination
immunotherapy and 83% for TT. Short-term survivors received immunotherapy (58%), including anti-PD-1 (70%), anti-CTLA-4 (1%), and anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 (29%); TT (36%); and chemotherapy (2%). ORR was 7% for anti-PD-1, 0% for anti-CTLA-4, 14% for combination immunotherapy, 53% for TT and 0% for chemotherapy.
Conclusions Response to first or second-line systemic treatment may be a surrogate for long-term survival patients with advanced melanoma.
Clinical trial identification Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT0360577
Diborane(4) as a powerful acid–base transformer
No full textConventional nitrogen bases such as ammonia, methanimine, hydrogen cyanide, and pyridine become very strong acids upon
complexation with diborane(4), a very efficient electron donor whose structure was elucidated, among others, by Pople. The
present study uses G4 high-level ab initio calculations and different chemical bonding tools to delve into the reasons why
this fact occurs. We observe that the acidity of B2H4– N-Base complexes, in terms of the ionization constant, increases from
38 to 58 orders of magnitude compared to the corresponding free N-Bases, thus switching from different degrees of basicity
to super acidic forms. Even though the formation of the complex involves breaking one of the characteristic (3c,2e) bonds
of diborane(4), the neutral adduct is more stabilized the stronger the N-Base. The deprotonation of the N-Base significantly
alters the structural and electronic landscape of the complex; in fact, the bridged B2H4 moiety is preserved for complexes
with hydrogen cyanide and pyridine but fully rearranged with ammonia and methanimine. These latter rearrangements result
in anionic global minima [BH3–BHNH2]⁻ and [BH3–BHN=CH2]⁻, whose very strong B-N bonds contribute substantially to
their overall stabilization and are ultimately responsible for the huge acidity enhancement observed. In all cases, the estimated
acidity is equal to or higher than that of phosphoric acid, but in particular, hydrogen cyanide becomes a stronger acid than
perchloric acid, which is among the strongest superacids in the gas phaseThis work was carried out with financial support from the
projects PID2021-125207NB-C31 and PID2021-125207NB-C32 of the
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain (MICINN)
and the project Y2020/EMT-6290 (PRIES-CM) of the Comunidad de
Madri
Large-time asymptotics for hyperbolic systems with non-symmetric relaxation: An algorithmic approach
No full textWe study the stability of one-dimensional linear hyperbolic systems with non-symmetric relaxation. Introducing a new frequency-dependent Kalman stability condition, we prove an abstract decay result underpinning a form of inhomogeneous hypocoercivity. In contrast with the homogeneous setting, the decay rates depend on how the Kalman condition is fulfilled and, in most cases, a loss of derivative occurs: one must require an additional regularity assumption on the initial data to ensure the decay.
Under structural assumptions, we refine our abstract result by providing an algorithm, of wide applicability, for the construction of Lyapunov functionals. This allows us to systematically establish decay estimates for a given system and uncover algebraic cancellations (beyond the reach of the Kalman-based approach) reducing the loss of derivatives in high frequencies. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, we derive new stability results for the Sugimoto model, which describes the propagation of nonlinear acoustic waves, and for a beam model of Timoshenko type with memoryNous étudions la stabilité des systèmes hyperboliques linéaires unidimensionnels avec des termes de relaxation non symétriques. En introduisant une nouvelle condition de stabilité de Kalman dépendant de la fréquence, nous prouvons un résultat de décroissance mettant en lumière une forme d'hypocoercivité inhomogène. Contrairement au cadre homogène, les taux de décroissance dépendent de la manière dont la condition de Kalman est satisfaite et, dans la plupart des cas, une perte de dérivée se produit : une hypothèse de régularité supplémentaire sur les données initiales est nécessaire pour garantir la décroissance des solutions.
Sous des hypothèses structurelles plus fortes, nous affinons ce premier résultat en fournissant un algorithme explicite pour la construction de fonctionnelles de Lyapunov. Cela nous permet d'établir de manière systématique des estimations de décroissance pour un système donné et de mettre en évidence des annulations algébriques réduisant les pertes de dérivées en hautes fréquences. Pour illustrer nos résultats, nous dérivons de nouveaux résultats de stabilité pour le modèle de Sugimoto décrivant la propagation des ondes acoustiques non linéaires, et pour un modèle de poutre de type Timoshenko avec mémoireT. Crin-Barat is supported by the project ANR-24-CE40-3260 – Hyperbolic Equations, Approximations & Dynamics (HEAD). L. Liverani is supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers. L.-Y. Shou is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12301275). E. Zuazua was funded by the ERC Advanced Grant CoDeFeL, the Grants PID2020-112617GB-C22 KiLearn and TED2021-131390B-I00-DasEl of MINECO and PID2023-146872OB-I00-DyCMaMod of MICIU (Spain), the Alexander von Humboldt-Professorship program, the European Union's Horizon Europe MSCA project ModConFlex, the Transregio 154 Project “Mathematical Modelling, Simulation and Optimization Using the Example of Gas Networks” of the DFG, the AFOSR 24IOE027 project, and the Madrid Government - UAM Agreement for the Excellence of the University Research Staff in the context of the V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation
Dietary Supplement Use in Competitive Spanish Football Players and Differences According to Sex
No full textObjectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the consumption of
dietary supplements (DS) in semi-professional male and professional female Spanish football
players. Methods: The study involved 129 football players (92 men and 37 women)
who completed a validated, self-administered questionnaire on the use of DS in athletes.
Results: The results indicated that 96.12% of the sample reported taking DS, with the main
reason for consumption being performance enhancement. The most commonly consumed
DS were creatine monohydrate (66.77%), caffeine (56.59%), whey protein (48.06%), isotonic
drinks (37.21%), vitamin D (27.91%), energy bars (27.13%), magnesium (20.93%), and vitamin
C (20.16%). Additionally, significant differences were found between sexes regarding
vitamin D consumption (p < 0.05; OR = 3.27 [0.36–2.00]). According to the Australian
Institute of Sport DS classification, group A was the most consumed, followed by group
B. Significant sex differences were found in the consumption of sports foods (p = 0.034;
OR = 3.25 [0.05–2.31]) and medical supplements (p < 0.001; OR = 3.75 [0.52–2.12]). Sex
differences were also found in place of purchase, source of recommendation, as well as
the situation and timing of consumption (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of DS among
Spanish football players was prevalent at 96.12%, with creatine monohydrate, caffeine, and
whey protein being the most commonly consumed. Differences in consumption patterns
were noted between sexe
Electron density modulation in monolayer MoS through the phase transition of a relaxor ferroelectric substrate
No full textThe integration of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with ferroelectric substrates is a powerful strategy to modulate their
electronic and optical properties. However, the use of relaxor ferroelectrics for this purpose remains unexplored. Here, we
demonstrate a reversible photoluminescence (PL) and charge density modulation of monolayer MoS2 on a Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6 (SBN)
substrate, a prototypical relaxor ferroelectric. The smearing of the phase transition in SBN enables continuous tuning of MoS2
electronic properties over a broad temperature range (30–90 8C). A pronounced PL enhancement occurs as the substrate transitions
from ferroelectric to paraelectric phase due to the vanishing spontaneous polarization (PS) and the consequent change in charge
balance at the MoS2/SBN interface. Moreover, thermal hysteresis in the electron density modulation is observed during heating
and cooling cycles. These findings highlight the potential of relaxor ferroelectrics as reconfigurable platforms for electron doping
and light-emission control in 2D materials, opening avenues for temperature-responsive optoelectronic and nanophotonic applicationsD. H. P., D. P. C., M. O R., and L. E. B. acknowledge funding from the Spanish State Research Agency MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 under grant PID2022-137444NB-I00 and funding from Comunidad de Madrid, through the grant-agreement, for the promotion and encouragement of research and technology transfer at the Autonomous University of Madrid under grant SI4/PJI/2024-00217, VI-PRICIT program. G. L. P. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish State Research Agency under grant PID2022-138908NB-C32 and the Ramón y Cajal contract RYC2023-044003-I. The authors acknowledge AE
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Effect on Progression of Retinal Disease in Patients with Sleep Apnea and Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textClinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02874313)Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with impaired glycemic control and a higher risk of vascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy. However, the effect of apnea–hypopnea suppression on retinal disease progression is unclear.
Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the reduction of retinal lesions in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and OSA.
Methods: This open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted between October 2016 and February 2020 at a university hospital in Spain. The date of final follow-up was March 2, 2021. Eighty-three patients with OSA and mild to moderate NPDR receiving stable treatment were randomized to receive CPAP and usual care (43 patients with 79 available eyes) or usual care alone (40 patients with 67 available eyes) for 52 weeks. The primary outcomes were the change in the percentage of eyes with retinal exudates and the number of retinal microhemorrhages from baseline to week 52. We also assessed the effects of both interventions on retinal thickness by means of optical coherence tomography, serum concentrations of glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, lipid concentrations, sleepiness, and quality of life.
Results: Fifty-two weeks of CPAP treatment was associated with reductions from baseline in the percentage of eyes with hard exudates (overall difference, −21.7%; P = 0.035) and in optical coherence tomography indices of retinal edema, including central subfield thickness and cube volume. However, in patients who met prespecified criteria for CPAP adherence, treatment was also associated with a higher number of retinal microhemorrhages at 52 weeks (intergroup adjusted difference, 6.0 [95% confidence interval, 0.6–11.5]; P = 0.029), which was directly related to prescribed pressure levels. CPAP treatment also improved glycemic control, sleepiness, and general health-related quality of life.
Conclusions: In patients with OSA and NPDR, long-term CPAP treatment in addition to usual care may result in slower progression of retinal disease, although it could also induce an increase in retinal microhemorrhagesSupported by Sociedad Española de Neumologıa y Cirugıa Torácica / Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery grant 020/2017 (F.G.-R.) and by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Union through the projects PI19/01363 (C.C.-Z.) and PI22/01262 (F.G.-R.
Protected high-mountain rivers harbor widespread toxic Microcoleus-dominated mats with distinct genetic profiles
No full textToxic Microcoleus remains poorly studied in mountain freshwaters, where cyanotoxins threaten public and ecological health, particularly in protected areas that hold high ecological value and attract a high density of visitors. This study investigated the proliferation of cyanobacterial mats and cyanotoxin production in two high- mountain rivers flowing through a National Park. Our results confirmed the widespread and recurrent proliferation of Microcoleus-dominated mats containing the neurotoxins anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a. Mat coverage showed potentially hazardous levels, reaching up to 40-50 % of the riverbed. Comprehensive genetic characterization through metabarcoding sequencing (targeting 16S rRNA and cyanotoxin-biosynthesis genes) revealed a significant differential distribution of Microcoleus genotypes between two adjacent high-mountain rivers, as well as the persistence of the anaF gene from Microcoleus. Although saxitoxins and microcystins were not detected, the sxtA gene closely related to Scytonema and mcyE from Nostoc-like species were occasionally found. This is the first report of abundant proliferations of anatoxin-producing Microcoleus in Spain, broadening research into Southern and Mediterranean Europe, where toxic Microcoleus remains underreported. These results reinforce the importance of genetic analyses as valuable tools for understanding Microcoleus population dynamics. Our f indings highlight that toxic mats should be considered a potential threat in minimally impacted mountain freshwaters, especially those frequently visited for their high ecological valueThis work was supported by the following projects: CIANOPARK, grant OAPN 2593/2020 funded by the Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (OAPN); IA-GES-BLOOM-CM, grant Y2020/TCS-6420 funded by the 2020 Synergy program of Comunidad de Madrid; SMART- BLOOMS, grant TED2021-130123B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”; DIAMONDS, grant TED2021-132147B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR