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Ciencia Abierta: El nuevo paradigma científico. Introducción para el personal de investigación en formación
No full textCurso organizado por la Escuela de Doctorado de la UAM dentro del programa de formación transversal, sobre la Ciencia Abierta e impartido entre los días 25 de noviembre y el 3 de diciembre 2025El mundo científico enfrenta un cambio estructural y paradigmático en la manera de hacer y difundir la Ciencia, la denominada Ciencia Abierta, estructurada conceptualmente por diversos elementos que fueron fijados en 2019 por la OSPP (Open Science Policy Platform) de la Unión Europea.
Tanto a nivel mundial como europeo, nacional y local se vienen desarrollando de forma acelerada marcos legales y medidas prácticas para la puesta en marcha de estos cambios estructurales en la manera de hacer, difundir y evaluar la Ciencia. Hay que remarcar especialmente el interés de la Unión Europea en impulsar la Ciencia Abierta, con iniciativas concretas, así como, en España, la reciente inclusión del concepto en la Ley de la Ciencia y en la Ley Orgánica del Sistema Universitario.
En consecuencia, las universidades están creando los entornos institucionales y las herramientas adecuadas para adaptarse a estos cambios, novedades que deben ser difundidas en la comunidad académica. Los investigadores necesitan conocer el alcance de las modificaciones normativas y la existencia y funcionamiento de estos instrumentos, de sumo interés para el desarrollo futuro de sus carreras docentes e investigadoras.
El objetivo de este curso es introducir a los jóvenes investigadores en los principales elementos que conforman la Ciencia Abierta, su filosofía, así como las herramientas disponibles, y el apoyo que pueden encontrar en el personal de la UAM para manejarse en este nuevo mundo que se abre ante ello
Racializando la frontera sur española. Poder neocolonial, linaje patriarcal, y la nueva pureza de sangre
No full textMelilla is a crucial laboratory of Spanish neocolonial rule. In this paper, we deploy our extensive
ethnography in the North African Spanish enclave to argue that analyses of racialization
in Spain must (1) be critically situated in the particular genealogies of Hispanic coloniality (as
opposed to uncritically incorporating Anglo-Atlantic frames) and (2) foreground their inextricability
from the broader formations of global apartheid and imperialism. We zoom in on
the phenomena of “mestizaje” in the enclave, examining the neocolonial state intervention
in marriage, the gendered and classed racialization of lineage, and the related, irreducibly heterogeneous
patterns of belonging and subjection. We then point to the importance of the
elimination of the interstice—the suppression of “the Other within”—to the coherence and
stability of racial categories and multiculturalist governance. Contemporary racialization in
Spain, then, appears as co-constituted by the border regime, patriarchal kinship, and liberal
governmentalityMelilla es un laboratorio crucial del poder neocolonial español. En este artículo, utilizamos nuestra
etnografía de larga duración en el enclave español del norte de África para argumentar que
el análisis de la racialización en España debe (1) situarse críticamente en las genealogías particulares
de la colonialidad hispana (en contraposición a la incorporación acrítica de marcos anglo-
atlánticos) y (2) poner de relieve su carácter indisociable del sistema planetario de apartheid
global e imperialismo. Nos centramos en el fenómeno del «mestizaje» en el enclave, examinando
la intervención neocolonial del Estado en el matrimonio, la racialización del linaje basada
en el género y la clase, y los patrones irreductiblemente heterogéneos de pertenencia y sujeción.
A continuación, señalamos la importancia de la eliminación del intersticio —la supresión del “otro dentro de mí”— para la coherencia y estabilidad de la gobernanza multiculturalista y sus
categorías etno-raciales. La racialización contemporánea en España es pues co-constituida por
el régimen fronterizo, el parentesco patriarcal y la gubernamentalidad libera
Assessment and classification of sex cord-stromal tumours of the testis: recommendations from the testicular sex cord-stromal tumour (TESST) group, an Expert Panel of the Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) and International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP)
No full textArtículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMAims: Testicular sex cord-stromal tumours (TSCSTs) are relatively rare, accounting for ~5% of all testicular neoplasms. They were historically classified into Leydig cell tumour, Sertoli cell tumour, granulosa cell tumour, and unclassified sex cord-stromal tumour. More recently, classification was expanded to incorporate additional histologic types, including some associated with inherited cancer predisposition syndromes. However, the classification of TSCSTs still relies entirely on morphology, with some tumour types being defined based on their resemblance to ovarian counterparts. In recent years, molecular studies have identified drivers and genomic alterations associated with aggressive behaviour and progression; however, these findings have not yet impacted classification and management.
Methods and results: Under sponsorship of the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) and the Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS), a group of genitourinary pathologists was assembled in 2023 with the aim of assessing how to use these new data to improve the classification and management of TSCSTs.
Conclusions: This paper summarizes the recommendations derived from the consensus activities and the first meeting of the testicular sex cord-stromal tumour (TESST) group (held at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA, 3/23/2024
Reconceptualising the Digital Gender Divide, Accommodating New Forms of Virtual Gender-Based Violence
No full textFrom a critical feminist perspective, it is hypothesised that the gender digital divide may
be related to new forms of virtual gender-based violence that particularly affect girls and
young women. If this is the case, these forms of violence would fall within the dimension
of exploitation or quality of use of technologies that characterises the digital divide. To test
this hypothesis, a documentary analysis of the phenomenon was carried out by reviewing
different cases reported in various media outlets, which show that the well-being of girls
and adolescents is at risk when technology is involved. Four categories emerge that
reflect situations in which technology becomes a tool for promoting self-harm and suicide
among minors through exposure to harmful content, grooming, sexting and/or sextortion;
the digital sexual exploitation of underage girls through deepfakes or intimate images
generated with artificial intelligence; the consumption of violent and hateful content in
mass chats; and the incitement of gender-based violence through video games. The results
show the reproduction and perpetuation of gender-based violence in the digital world.
To guarantee safe, inclusive and equitable digital environments, various measures are
essential, including European policies or plans aimed at guaranteeing digital security and
rights, and those related to critical digital literacy with a gender perspective in formal
education (school and university) and informal education (parents, carers and guardians).
Finally, we urge that the focus be placed on personal digital resilience, since thinking of a
completely secure digital world is a naive and unattainable utopiaThis research was funded by the Erasmus+ KA2 project entitled “Fighting the online
Post-Truth conspiracy (Newspiracy)”, which has a duration of 24 months (grant reference: Erasmus+
KA2 project: 2022-1-ES01-KA220-HED-000089608
Posterior arm delivery versus the shoulder shrug maneuver in shoulder dystocia management: a simulation-based comparative study
No full textObjective: To compare posterior arm delivery and the shoulder shrug maneuver in shoulder dystocia.
Methods: A prospective, randomized, simulation-based experimental study was conducted with six physicians managing 96 simulated shoulder dystocia cases. Participants included three obstetricians with more than 15 years of experience and three trainees. Variables collected included perineal pressure, maneuver time, simulated
humeral fractures, first-attempt success, and perceived difficulty.
Results: Posterior arm delivery exerted significantly less maximum perineal pressure than the shoulder shrug maneuver (median 12.5 mm Hg, interquartile range (IQR) 7.0–22.5 mm Hg versus median 22.0, IQR 13.0–37.0 mm Hg; P = 0.002). Obstetricians with greater experience applied less perineal pressure and performed maneuvers faster
compared with trainees. Two simulated humeral fractures occurred, one with each
maneuver, both involving trainees. No significant differences were observed regarding hand dominance or hand size.
Conclusion: Posterior arm delivery showed lower perineal pressure compared with the shoulder shrug maneuver, suggesting reduced maternal and neonatal risk. Clinical experience positively influenced outcomes, supporting recommendations for experienced obstetricians to lead shoulder dystocia management. Posterior arm delivery is
recommended as the first-choice internal maneuver when addressing the posterior shoulder in shoulder dystocia case
A minimal CA-based model capturing evolutionarily relevant features of biological development
No full textUnderstanding how complex biological forms emerge and evolve remains a central question in evolutionary and developmental biology. To explore this complexity, we introduce a minimal two-dimensional, cellular automaton (CA)-based model that captures key features of biological development—such as spatial growth, self-organization, and differentiation—while remaining computationally tractable and evolvable. Unlike most abstract genotype–phenotype mapping models, our approach generates emergent morphological complexity through spatially explicit rule-based interactions governed by a simple genetic vector, resulting in self-organized patterns reminiscent of biological morphogenesis. Using simulations, we show that, as observed in empirical studies, the resulting phenotypic distribution is highly skewed: simple forms are common, while complex ones are rare. The model exhibits a strongly non-linear genotype-to-phenotype mapping in such a way that small genetic changes can lead to disproportionately large morphological shifts. Notably, transitions toward complexity are less frequent than regressions to simplicity, reflecting evolutionary asymmetries observed in natural systems. We further demonstrate that, by allowing for mutations in the generative rules, our model is capable of adaptive evolution and even reproducing generic features of tumoral growth. These findings suggest that even minimal developmental rules can give rise to rich, hierarchical patterns and complex evolutionary dynamics, positioning our CA-based model as a powerful tool for investigating how developmental constraints and biases shape morphological evolutio
The unbalanced transatlantic relationship: understanding US influence in Europe
No full textThis article examines US influence on Europe in the context of thegeostrategic rivalry with China. We employ the wedging-bindingframework and and argue that US influence in Europe does notoccur in a vacuum, but is conditioned by the transatlantic alliance,a dense system of values and norms that influences the use of andoutcomes associated with wedging and binding. We analyse the USpivot to Asia and use three case studies from the Biden years (theIRA , export controls, and AUKUS) to show that there has beengrowing US unilateralism that takes the form of unintentionalwedging, which in turn has created tensions in the transatlanticrelationship and prompted varying degrees of European binding inresponse. We conclude with reflections on the future of the alliancein the Trump II era, during which intentional (and hostile) US wed-ging will become the norm and European binding will becomeeven more essentialEuropean Research Council [101045227
Avanzando el análisis de datos de ondas gravitatorias y explorando nuevas fuentes
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física Teórica. Fecha de Lectura: 24-09-2025La astronomía de ondas gravitatorias ha abierto una nueva ventana al Universo, ofreciendo oportunidades únicas para estudiar objetos compactos, la física fundamental y el cosmos. Sin embargo, para aprovechar plenamente los datos de los detectores de ondas gravitatorias actuales y futuros, es necesario contar con modelos teóricos precisos de las señales de ondas gravitatorias y con métodos de análisis de datos robustos, capaces de detectar y caracterizar una amplia variedad de posibles fuentes.
Esta tesis está presentada como un compendio de artículos, cada uno de los cuales explora diferentes aspectos del análisis de datos de ondas gravitatorias, desde el modelado de señales hasta su detección y caracterización, con un enfoque particular en fuentes exóticas y poco exploradas de objetos compactos. En concreto, llevamos a cabo la primera búsqueda de eventos hiperbólicos en detectores de ondas gravitatorias, desarrollamos un método de búsqueda basado en el algoritmo de Viterbi para detectar binarias compactas de baja masa, e investigamos cómo las inhomogeneidades cósmicas locales afectan a las tasas de fusión inferidas. También realizamos estudios detallados de estimación de parámetros de candidatos a agujeros negros de masa subsolar identificados durante la segunda y tercera campaña de observación de LIGO-Virgo Avanzado, mejoramos algoritmos de cuadratura de orden reducido para acelerar la estimación de parámetros y exploramos la posibilidad de que algunas señales sean originadas por ruido gaussiano del detector. Finalmente, desarrollamos \texttt{pyEFPE}, un modelo post-Newtoniano mejorado para la inspiral de binarias compactas con precesión y excentricidad.
En conjunto, estos estudios representan avances significativos en nuestra capacidad para detectar e interpretar las señales de ondas gravitatorias procedentes de una amplia gama de fuentes. Los métodos y modelos desarrollados aquí serán valiosos para futuras campañas de observación y detectores de nueva generación, facilitando el descubrimiento de nuevos fenómenos astrofísicos y mejorando nuestra comprensión del Universo a través de la observación de ondas gravitatoriasThe research leading to this thesis was primarily funded by an FPU fellowship (FPU20/02857) from the Spanish Ministry of Universities (Ministerio de Universidades). Further support was received from the IFT Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa (grants SEV-2016-0597 and CEX2020-001007-S, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), and from grants PGC2018-094773-B-C32 [MINECO-FEDER] and PID2021-123012NBC43 [MICINN-FEDER]. Part of this research was conducted during a 1-month stay at Nagoya University, Japan (funded by grant LINKA20416/FSK2), and a 3-month stay at Birmingham University, UK (funded by grant EST24/00099
A moderated mediation model to estimate the relationship between brands’ experiential event evaluation and WOM
No full textPurpose: This research analyses the impact of experiential marketing events on word-of-mouth for destination brands, while considering the moderating role of brand familiarity and the mediating role of brand equity.
Design/methodology: The study is based on a survey of 844 participants in a real event organised by a leisure Spanish destination with a large inflow of national and international attendees, in conjunction with the city government where it is located.
Findings: Attendees’ evaluation of the event exerted a significant positive effect on word-of-mouth. However, brand equity—which is built over time via past marketing actions—mediates this relationship. Meanwhile, brand familiarity moderates the relationship between people’s overall evaluation of the event, brand equity and positive recommendations.
Practical implications: These results offer guidance to destination managers regarding reoccurring experiential marketing events. Participants with high appraisal of events serve to create buzz and amplify the event experience for others.
Originality: The study is a novel attempt to analyse the influence of visitors' experiences on brand destination outcomes by considering the moderating role of brand familiarity—an issue that, to our knowledge, has not been assessed in the context of events. The results make clear that mere exposure to a brand does not necessarily lead to brand equity and WOM. Instead, managers must design experiential events carefully—not only to convert sporadic visitors into frequent customers, but also to keep consistent clients from losing interes
Probing the interfacial chemistry in polycrystalline h -BN/Pt(1 1 1) surfaces through molecular adsorption
No full textOne-atom-thick layers of polycrystalline h-BN comprising nanosized domains, associated to different rotational variants, have been grown under ultrahigh vacuum conditions on Pt(111) supports, and employed as substrates for molecular adsorption studies. The lowest growth temperature limit to obtain the highest rotational variety, without compromising the structural quality, is determined by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The nanodomains exhibit different moire patterns with distinct periodicities and corrugations, suggesting significant dissimilarities in their interfacial chemistries. Consequently, the junctions of these domains give rise to a rich variety of boundaries. Therefore, these h-BN/Pt(111) surfaces offer a wide spectrum of possibilities for molecular adsorption studies. As a probe molecule, the prototypical adsorbate perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) has been employed. By a Fourier Transform analysis of STM images it is possible to unveil the moir´e pattern periodicity of a nanodomain under the PTCDA adlayer, and it is concluded that often the molecular assembly and its orientation do not differ in neighbour nanodomains, although the h-BN lattice underneath is rotated differently. This is consistent with a weak physisorption of PTCDA on h-BN/Pt(111). Additionally, the effect of the atomic steps of the underlying Pt(111) support on the molecular assembly has been analysed by STM measurements, having demonstrated a carpet-like growth of the PTCDA adlayerFinancial support from the Spanish MICINN through Projects No. TED2021- 131788A-I00 and No. PID2020-116619 GA-C22 as well as from the Comunidad de Madrid and the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (project SI3/PJI/2021-00500) is gratefully acknowledged. A.J.M.-G. acknowledges funding from the Spanish MICINN through the Ramón y Cajal program (Grant No. RYC2022-038197-I) and through Project No. CNS2024-15477