Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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The minima of the geodesic length functions of uniform filling curves
Get PDFThere is a natural link between (multi-)curves that fill up a closed oriented surface and dessins d'enfants. We use this approach to exhibit explicitly the minima of the geodesic length function of filling curves that admit a self-transverse homotopy equivalent representative such that all self-intersection points, as well as all faces of the complement, have the same multiplicity. We show that these minima are attained at the Grothendieck–Belyi surfaces determined by the natural dessin d'enfants associated with these filling curves. In particular, they are all Riemann surfaces defined over number fieldsAEI, Grant/Award Numbers: CEX2023-001347-S, PID2019-106617GB-I00; Comunidad de Madrid; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Grant/AwardNumber: FONDECYT 123000
Influencia del dolor, ansiedad y depresión periparto en la atención obstétrica y lactancia materna
Get PDFTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Fecha de Lectura: 25-04-2025Introduction: Symptoms of depression, anxiety and pain can affect childbirth. The objective of this doctoral thesis is to study whether the association between depression and peripartum anxiety symptoms influence obstetric care and later on the establishment and maintenance of breastfeeding.
Material and methods: This single-center, ambispective observational cohort study classified women into two groups according to the presence (or absence) of symptoms of depression and anxiety in the last 7 days. We collected birth records, demographic data, clinical characteristics, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, STAI-6 scale score, and perception of quality of life. life using the Euroquol 5Q-5D-5L scale. In addition, participating women were contacted by telephone over time, ending three years after the birth of their child to evaluate breastfeeding and whether anxiety influences breastfeeding abandonment.
Results: A total of 201 women participated in the study, 37 (18.4%) experienced symptoms of depression and 164 (81.6%) without such symptoms. Women with symptoms of peripartum depression were more likely to require unplanned medical intervention (urgent cesarean section or instrumental vaginal delivery) compared to those without such symptoms (54.1% vs. 28.0%; p = 0.002). Similarly, women with peripartum anxiety symptoms were also more likely to require unplanned medical intervention (43.0% vs. 25.2%; p = 0.008). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that experiencing symptoms of peripartum depression independently increased the likelihood of experiencing an unplanned cesarean section or instrumental delivery.
As for the second part of the study, 113 women were selected from the initial 201, who met three well-defined criteria: Having had a vaginal birth, a newborn with a gestational age between 37 and 42 weeks, and not having been physically separated between birth. and the following twelve hours. Women experiencing anxiety had a formula use rate of 48.2% during hospitalization compared to 20.3% among those without anxiety. However, breastfeeding, both exclusive and mixed, was similar over time in both groups. The evaluation of breastfeeding continuity at intervals of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after delivery, as well as at 2 and 3 years after delivery, did not reveal differences between the two groups.
Conclusions: Women who experience peripartum depression symptoms around the time of delivery are at increased risk of having an unplanned cesarean section or instrumental vaginal delivery. However, addressing breastfeeding abandonment using a single factor twelve hours postpartum, such as anxiety, was an oversimplification of the multiple origins that the problem may have. All of this prompts us to reflect on our current situation and encourages us to look for new hypotheses for the early evaluation of breastfeedin
Anisotropic porous iron-based nanoparticles through two-step hydrothermal and hydrogen-based reduction: Enhanced magnetic performance for potential biomedical applications
No full textIron-based nanoparticles have emerged as promising candidates for diverse biomedical applications, including cell separation, targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia therapy, and magnetic resonance imaging. This study reports the scalable synthesis of high-magnetization iron-based nanoparticles with controlled anisotropic shapes, achieved via a two-step process. Hematite nanoparticles, featuring nanocube, nanoellipse, and nanoneedle morphologies, were synthesized through the hydrolysis of ferric chloride in the presence of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, with the morphology precisely tuned by adjusting reagent concentrations. These hematite nanoparticles were subsequently reduced in a hydrogen-based direct reduction at 480 °C, yielding iron-magnetite nanocomposites that retained their anisotropic shapes, exhibited significant porosity, and achieved an exceptional saturation magnetization of 207 emu/g - approximately 150% higher than conventional magnetite nanoparticles. Comprehensive characterization via SQUID magnetometry, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data, and XPS for surface analysis confirmed the formation of metallic iron nanoparticles covered by a magnetite shell. Biocompatibility studies demonstrated the biocompatibility of these nanoparticles across a wide concentration range, underscoring their suitability for biomedical applicationsS.C. acknowledges the FCT grant, ref. 2021.08212.BD. F.J.F-.A. acknowledges the Formación de Profesorado Universitario programme, ref. FPU22/04365. S.M.G. acknowledges the FCT grant, ref. 2024.01570.BD. IST authors acknowledge FCT (Portugal) support through contracts UIDB/04349/2020 and the National Infrastructure Roadmap, LTHMFL-NECL, LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022096. A.A. acknowledges FCT─Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia for her contract DL57/2016 (ref. DL 57/2016/CP1454/CT0017) with DOI: 10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1454/CT0017 (10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1454/CT0017) and Projects H2FlexiPEC’s (ref. 2022.07332.PTDC) with DOI: 10.54499/2022.07332.PTDC (10.54499/2022.07332.PTDC); IFIMUP─UIDB/04968/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/04968/2020), UIDB/04968/2021 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/04968/2021), LapMET-LA/P/0095/2020 DOI (10.54499/LA/P/0095/2020); 2024.00223.CERN; COST Action NETPORE (CA20126)/OC-2020-1-24842. C.T.d.S. acknowledges the program Atracción de Talento (Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid), ref. 2020-T1/IND-19889, and Agencia Estatal de Investigación for the project PID2022-141080OB-C2
Student engagement in a flipped undergraduate medical classroom to measure optimal video-based lecture length
Get PDFTo determine the optimal length of video-based lectures for undergraduate medical students in a flipped classroom environment and evaluate the effect of their length on student engagement outcomes. Using an observational cohort study, 152 students (male = 38 and female = 114) viewed 173 videos focused on teaching Neurosurgery over three consecutive academic years. Each course consisted of 11 topics divided into a variable number of clips. Materials, methodology, and instructors remained constant throughout the study period. All students enrolled in the subject were invited to register on the online platform hosting the videos voluntarily. Data on course variables, video-based lecture characteristics, and six student engagement outcomes were analyzed. Videos under 5 minutes in length were associated with higher audience retention and higher response rates to embedded questions in the univariable analysis (p = 0.039 and p = 0.045, respectively). The viewing index, which can be equated to cumulative views, was also higher for videos under 5 minutes after multiple regression analysis (p = 0.049). Videos released earlier in the course and those related to a seminar session (with mandatory homework and class attendance) had significantly higher percentages of video viewing, viewing index, and response rate to embedded questions but lower non-access rates. In addition, earlier videos retained more audience (p = 0.036). This study provides new insights by analyzing the interaction between video duration and various engagement metrics, highlighting the importance of instructional design in flipped learning environments. The findings support the recommendation that video length should be under 5 minutes. However, this is not the only determining factor; the timing of the video release and the seminar structure can also play a crucial role. Other unmeasured classroom dynamics need to be considered for further studies that should explore these interactions in more dept
Specialized mental healthcare use for common mental disorders and prescription of antidepressants before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among working-age refugees and Swedish-born individuals – a nationwide register-based study
No full textBackground: It is known that refugees have an elevated risk of common mental disorders (CMDs, including depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders). The effect of the coronavirus disease pandemic on healthcare use due to CMDs in refugees is yet unknown, especially in socioeconomically deprived groups. We conducted a population-wide study comparing specialized healthcare use for CMDs and antidepressant prescriptions before and during the pandemic in refugees and Swedish-born, and investigated differences by labor market marginalization and education. Methods: An interrupted time series analysis of quarterly cohorts (2018.01.01–2021.12.31) of all refugees and Swedish-born, aged 19 to 65 was applied. Information on outcome measures and covariates were linked individually from administrative registers. We applied interrupted time series and estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) of the incidence rates (IR) and their corresponding confidence intervals (CI) before and during the pandemic. Results: A total of 4,932,916 individuals, of whom 488,299 (9.9%) were refugees, were included at baseline. We observed a 3% (95% CI: 1%, 5%) quarterly increase in trends of healthcare use due to CMDs in refugees, but no changes in Swedish-born individuals. The IRRs were larger in refugees whose labor market position was marginalized (IRR: 6%, (3%, 9%)), and refugees with low education level (IRR: 4% (1%, 7%)). There were no substantial changes in antidepressant prescription. Conclusion: Refugees, especially those already in a marginalized position, had increased CMD-related mental healthcare use during the pandemic. Strategies to meet the mental health care needs of marginalized refugees are of outmost public health importanceOpen access funding provided by Karolinska Institute. The work has been prepared within the framework of the RESPOND-Consortium, funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Societal Challenges under Grant Agreement No 101016127. We utilized data from the REWHARD consortium supported by the Swedish Research Council (grant number 2021–00154
Digital light processing of SiO2-TiO2 materials by combining ceramic slurries and metal precursors
No full textOne-step additive manufacturing of functional ceramics via Digital Light Processing (DLP) is still under development. The increased demand of such kind of materials creates new opportunities to investigate alternatives and new methodologies. In this work, a combination of photocurable SiO2 slurries with Ti metal precursor (titanium isopropoxide, TIPO) is used to fabricate SiO2-TiO2 materials by DLP. Slurries with different solids content and metal precursor concentration were prepared. The obtained materials were characterized and evaluated as photocatalysts. The anatase-TiO2 phase was retained at temperatures as high as 1200 ºC in all cases, although for higher concentrations the rutile phase was also detected at such temperature. From the methylene blue degradation experiments it can be extracted that the SiO2 surface was fully covered when a 10 wt% of metal precursor was added, and the highest photocatalytic activity was obtained for the samples with 10–20 wt% of TIPO sintered at 1000–1100 ºC/1 hThis work was supported by projects PID2021-124521OB-100 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ & “ERDF A way of making Europe”, PID2022-141016OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ FEDER10.13039/501100011033, and PID2023-151036OA-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF, EU. JLS and MB also acknowledge the financial support from the Ramón y Cajal grants RYC2022-035912-I and RYC2023-044679-I funded by Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities MICIU/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and European Social Funds (FSE+
Autocuidado: Hábitos disfuncionales en la relación profesional/familia
No full textMaterial formativo destinado a profesionales de la coordinación de TrasplantesActualmente pueden existir comportamientos incorrectos por parte de los profesionales
de la salud que terminan afectando negativamente a los familiares y a la calidad de la
atención que proporcionan. Existen diversos factores que pueden influir en este hecho,
por ejemplo, la observación de comportamientos poco éticos en los compañeros o
supervisores, el desarrollo de una actitud que ridiculiza a los familiares, la diferencia
entre los valores que se promueven en la formación teórica y los que se observan en la
práctica, etc. Todo ello puede generar una pérdida de motivación y de sentido en la
profesión. En este cuadernillo se exponen los diferentes modelos de relación
profesional-familia, destacando los objetivos de cada uno, el papel que desempeñan los
valores de los familiares, la concepción que cada modelo tiene sobre la “autonomía” y
las principales críticas a sus fundamentos. Posteriormente, se explica de manera más
exhaustiva la importancia de seguir los principios de la bioética, aplicándolos al ámbito
de la donación de órganos y a la toma de decisiones en el proceso deliberativo.
Finalmente, se abordan las actitudes y comportamientos que favorecen una adecuada
comunicación entre profesional-familia y que son necesarios dentro de la deliberació
María Zambrano. The first stage of exile: Mexico
No full textEste artículo trata de cumplir con dos objetivos. El primero
de ellos muestra un panorama completo de las investigaciones
realizadas sobre la opción de María Zambrano por México y sobre
su estancia en Morelia, corrigiendo algunos tópicos que se habían
convertido en lugares comunes. El segundo contribuye a mostrar las
aportaciones fundamentales de nuestra pensadora en este periodo
fundacional de su exilio cuando realizó un profundo análisis de la
razón moderna y de su necesaria revisión para que contribuyera a
una convivencia ajena a las exclusiones como la padecida por los
propios exiliado
Unraveling molecular mechanisms of β-glucuronidase inhibition by flavonoids from Centaurea scoparia: integrated in silico and in vitro insights
No full textInvestigating the detailed molecular mechanisms of β-glucuronidase inhibition is critical for pioneering new therapeutic solutions and driving progress in pharmaceutical research. The inhibitory potential of four flavonoid aglycones derived from Centaurea scoparia against β-glucuronidase was thoroughly examined using a combination of in vitro and in silico methodologies. The in vitro assays revealed that compounds 1 and 3 had the strongest inhibitory effects, demonstrated by their low IC50 values of 3.16 ± 0.34 and 3.82 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. The results of the enzyme kinetics assay revealed that compounds 2 and 3, and the reference drug EGCG displayed a mixed inhibition mode. Conversely, compound 1 was found to operate via a noncompetitive inhibition mechanism, as evidenced by the intersection patterns in the Lineweaver-Burk plots. The outcomes from the docking analysis are consistent with the in vitro inhibitory efficacy assays, showing that compounds 1 and 3 possess the lowest binding affinities (−8.6 and −9.0 kcal mol−1, respectively). Isolated phytochemicals demonstrated substantial polar and hydrophobic interactions with the residues within the enzyme's binding site. We investigated the interaction dynamics of isolated compounds with β-glucuronidase using a 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The analysis of various MD parameters indicated that compounds 1 and 3 showed stable trajectories and significant energy stabilization when bound to β-glucuronidase. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 3 exhibited the most favorable average Coulombic short-range interaction energies, recorded at −86.53 ± 11 kJ mol−1 and −98.04 ± 17 kJ mol−1, respectively. These compounds also demonstrated the lowest average Lennard-Jones short-range interaction energies, measured at −84.56 ± 14 kJ mol−1 and −106.02 ± 4.6 kJ mol−1, respectively. The results of MM/PBSA calculations revealed binding free energies of −10.99 ± 2.07, −11.39 ± 2.71, −26.77 ± 3.83, and 0.20 ± 0.32 kJ mol−1 for isolated compounds 1-4 with the target enzyme, respectively. These computational results support the experimental data, suggesting that compounds 1 and 3 could be potent inhibitors of β-glucuronidaseThe authors acknowledge Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2024R227), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This work was carried out with support from the project PID2023-150717NB-I00 from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades in Spain and the PRIES-CM project Ref: Y2020/EMT-6290 from the Comunidad Autónoma de Madri
La inclusión de las letras de Federico García Lorca y Miguel Hernández en el cante flamenco: una aproximación desde la teoría de los polisistemas, la retórica cultural y la semiótica de la cultura
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Departamento de Lingüística General, Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Lenguas Modernas, Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada. Fecha de Lectura: 26-05-2025Dentro de la teoría de los polisistemas de Even-Zohar, el flamenco se presenta como un sistema funcional y dinámico, en el cual existen una serie de elementos interdependientes que adquieren su ser desde la relación con otros, en este caso en concreto mediante la utilización de textos literarios de Miguel Hernández y Federico García Lorca. Siguiendo y analizando los textos de ambos poetas utilizados en el cante flamenco durante los años de la dictadura franquista, los años de transición y las primeras dos décadas de democracia, es posible observar cómo mediante la relación entre diferentes redes se aprecian otros factores que construyen paratextos que influyen en la evolución del género musical flamenco y a su vez, en la literatura. Entre las líneas de investigación de Literatura Comparada, Teoría Literaria, Semiótica de la cultura y Retórica cultural, la tesis supone una aproximación multidisciplinar que gira en torno a la música, la literatura y la cultura, aproximándose a la historia del flamenco como manifestación cultural, concretamente al canon flamenco siguiendo las adaptaciones de los textos de ambos poetas.
Todo ello servirá para conocer las principales investigaciones surgidas dentro de la flamencología, desde sus inicios durante el siglo XIX, hasta la actualidad, desde una propincuidad de los Estudios de la Cultura, especialmente utilizando la mencionada teoría de los polisistemas de Even-Zohar, la Retórica Cultural y la Semiótica de la Cultura, aportando así una visión interdisciplinar que explique la realidad musical, no como un ente aislado y autónomo, sino como una manifestación que representa la estética surgida en torno a las modificaciones políticas, económicas y culturales de la sociedad que la hacía posible y los cambios de paradigma surgidos a raíz de la llegada de nuevas sonoridades y géneros musicales a la música flamenca.
Lo que se propone pues, es una aproximación inclusiva de diferentes disciplinas de los Estudios Culturales al flamenco, donde cada una de ellas pueda aportar nuevas perspectivas y puntos de vista que enriquezcan en todo lo posible por ofrecer una visión global acerca del desarrollo del flamenco, atendiendo a factores musicales, históricos, literarios, sociales, económicos, estéticos y políticos. Se pretende presentar diferentes investigaciones y puntos de vista más bien como una serie de propuestas y orientaciones para ahondar en el conocimiento del arte flamenc