Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Antecedentes y realidades de la tributación mínima internacional: sobre objetivos, nexos y (extra)territoriales
No full textComputational models for studying the coordination of sequential bursting neural activity
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática. Fecha de Lectura: 23-07-202
Classification of dementia risk in the elderly through gait analysis with machine learning algorithms
No full textThe irreversible and progressive decline of physiological functions is known as aging. Among these changes is brain aging, which leads to cognitive decline and the onset of dementia. This directly affects memory, learning, and motor skills, reducing gait efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of identifying and classifying the risk of dementia based on the analysis of kinematic variables related to gait in older adults using machine learning algorithms. This cross-sectional observational study examined a sample of 59 individuals aged 60 ± 8 years, divided into two groups: 26 institutionalized older adults (GI) and 33 non-institutionalized older adults (GNI), all residing in Bragança, Portugal. Gait data were collected during a 10-m walk, recorded on video, and analyzed using Kinovea software. Cognitive status was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Python™ was used for statistical analysis and to develop machine learning models to classify dementia risk based on gait variables. The results showed that the algorithmic models achieved an overall accuracy of 74.6%, with the AdaBoost algorithm performing best at 83.5%. Cross-validation revealed an overall accuracy of 72%, with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier achieving the highest individual performance at 80%, correctly classifying 80% of cases across different data subsets. In conclusion, gait analysis combined with machine learning algorithms
demonstrated a strong relationship between gait variables and dementia, proving to be a safe and efficient technique
for dementia classification. This approach offers a low-cost and accessible early identification and intervention method, with
potential applications in clinical and public health setting
Long-Term Treatment Outcome and Recidivism Patterns Among Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators Typology: A 15-Year Follow-Up Study
No full textCurrent studies on intimate partner violence (IPV) conclude that IPV perpetrators are a heterogeneous group, with substantially different profiles and different relevant clinical variables, with a differential response to the psychological treatment programmes that they take part in, measured through criminal recidivism. However, most studies look only at these offenders' short-term recidivism. The aim of this longitudinal study was, on the one hand, to replicate a typology based on the risk of recidivism in a sample of 484 court-referred
partner-violent men and, on the other hand, to analyse long-term criminal recidivism in these
aggressors, depending on the typology found. For this purpose, a 15-year longitudinal follow-up
was conducted on 484 court-referred partner-violent men after they had participated in a cognitive-behavioural psychological treatment programme. The results corroborated the existence of three subtypes of aggressors: those with high risk, medium risk and low risk, as well as different patterns of recidivism depending on the profile identified at the beginning of the treatment. It was concluded that recidivism was higher in the first year of follow-up,
as well as the fact that the aggressors at greatest risk were the subgroup with the
highest level of long-term recidivism. These results highlight the heterogeneity existing in this type of aggressor, as well as the need to adapt psychological treatment programmes in line with the initial characteristics of the participantsThis research was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Plan Nacional I+D+I; Reference No: PSI2008- 02215
Bird mortality on high-speed railways: lessons from two large contrasting species
No full textCollisions are the chief effect of transport infrastructures on vertebrate populations, but their relevance in high-speed railways (HSR) is largely unknown. We analyzed Great Bustard (Otis tarda) and Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) mortality along two 5-km stretches of a Spanish HSR. Five fresh bustards and 10 owl carcasses were collected during 40 weeks of monitoring over two years, plus older remains of 14 bustards and 17 owls more. Relevant mortalities of both bird species thus occur, and according to complementary results differences in local use of the infrastructure explain their spatial patterns. Bustards die at points where they fly across optimizing their local movements, while owls probably die while hunting the abundant rabbits present on railway verges. The case alerts about potential bird mortality due to HSR and exemplifies how impact prediction, evaluation, and mitigation must accommodate species’ characteristics to be successfu
Mateo Alemán en la administración fiscal de Felipe II y en la Corte de Madrid. Nuevos datos y más interrogantes
No full textLaw and the Unity of Practical Reasoning
No full textThis open access book introduces the first systematic approach to the debate on the unity or fragmentation of practical reasoning and its profound implications for legal philosophy. Bringing together some of the foremost legal philosophers from the Hispanic-Latin world, the book presents a thoughtful dialogue with the Anglo-American literature, making it of interest to scholars from both cultural traditions. Although the topic is rarely discussed explicitly and systematically, it is pivotal to ongoing debates about legal normativity, the nature of law, legal authority, and the rationale behind legal decisions. This book fills this gap by providing a comprehensive perspective that illuminates the intersections between the philosophy of law and the philosophy of practical reasoning. It analyses law from the perspective of the agent and offers deep insights into critical issues in the field of la
Implicit and explicit reversal of trained oculomotor movements
No full textHabitual behavior is thought to emerge with extended training and reduced sensitivity to outcome devaluation. However, little is known about how habit-like oculomotor responses adapt when devaluation is implicit or embedded within a previously learned context. We examined this in a novel oculomotor learning task involving visual shape-reward associations with both standard and overtrained stimuli. Twenty-six participants completed a shape-color learning task while their eye movements were recorded using an eye-tracker system (1000 Hz). The task involved 11 blocks, including training, intra-block reversal (implicit stimulus-reward changes), and classical devaluation phases (explicitly instructed reward changes). Statistical analyses were performed using linear mixed-effects models on accuracy and response time (RT) measures. As expected, higher accuracy and faster responses for overtrained versus standard-trained stimuli were observed during training, confirming stronger learning. In the classical devaluation phase, overtrained stimuli elicited significantly more errors compared to standard-trained stimuli, relative to the performance in the training phase. This indicates stronger resistance to goal-directed updating. The effect was more pronounced during intra-block reversal of associations, where reward contingencies changed without warning. While RTs were not affected by classical devaluation, intra-block reversal significantly increased RTs for overtrained stimuli, relative to RTs in the training phase. This suggests a higher cognitive cost for overriding well-learned habitual responses when changes are unpredictable. These findings provide new evidence for the behavioral rigidity associated with overtraining of oculomotor behavior and suggest that unexpected outcome changes impose an additional switch cost on habitual oculomotor behaviorIO is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Miguel Servet, CP18/00038) and AES-ISCIII (PI19/00298) from the Ministry of Science and Innovation in Spain. The funders played no role in the idea, design, data collection or analysis, decision to publish or manuscript editing and writin
Memoria de investigación 2023. Facultad de Medicina, UAM
No full textLa Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid presenta su Memoria de Investigación correspondiente al año 2023, con el objetivo de visibilizar el esfuerzo colectivo de nuestro personal docente e investigador, así como de todo el personal técnico, de gestión y de administración y servicios (PTGAS), cuya labor resulta imprescindible para el desarrollo de la actividad científica. Esta memoria recoge de forma estructurada y accesible los principales indicadores de producción científica, proyectos de investigación, tesis doctorales, patentes, contratos y convenios, así como las Cátedras UAM–Entidad vinculadas a nuestra Facultad. La información ha sido recopilada por la Biblioteca de Medicina y los Servicios Centrales de la UAM, y validada por los Departamentos, garantizando su rigor y fiabilida
Complete frequencies for Koenigs domains
No full textWe provide a complete characterization of those non-elliptic semigroups of holomorphic self-maps of the unit disc for which the linear spanofeigen vector soft hegenerator of the corresponding semigroup of composition operators is weak-star dense in H∞. We also give some necessary and some sufficient conditions for completeness in Hp. This problem is equivalent to the completeness of the corresponding exponential functions in H∞ (in the weak-star sense) or in Hp of the Koenigs domain of the semigroup. As a tool needed for the results, we introduce and study discontinuities of semigroups of holomorphicself-maps of the unit discThe first author is partially supported by PRIN Realand Complex Manifolds: Topology, Geometry and holomorphic dynamics n.2017JZ2SW5, by GNSAGA of INdAM and by the MUR Excellence Department Project 2023-2027 MatMod@Tov CUP:E83C23000330006 awarded to the Department of Mathematics, University of Rome Tor Vergata. Second author is partially supported by Plan Nacional I+D grants no. PID2019-105979GB-I00 and PID2022137294NB-I00, Spain. Third author is partially supported by Plan Nacional I+D grants no. PGC2018-099124-B-I00 and PID2022137294NB-I00, Spain. The authors also acknowledge support from “Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D” (CEX2019-000904-S) of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and by the European Regional Development Fund and from the Spanish National Research Council, through the “Ayuda extraordinaria a Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa”(20205CEX001