Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute
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Attosecond Temporal Structure of Nonconsecutive Harmonic Combs Revealed by Multiple Near-infrared Photon Transitions in Two-color Photoionisation
No full textThe metrology of attosecond pulse trains is based on a cross-correlation technique between a comb of extreme ultraviolet harmonics generated by the high-order harmonic generation process and a synchronised infrared field. The approach, usually referred to as reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBIT), allows one to recover the relative phase between the comb of consecutive odd harmonics, thus providing access to the attosecond temporal structure of the radiation. Seeded free-electron lasers have recently demonstrated the generation of combs consisting of even and odd harmonics of the seeding radiation. In this scheme, each harmonic is generated by an independent undulator (or set thereof), providing an additional degree of freedom in selecting the specific harmonics that make up the extreme ultraviolet comb. Here, we present results on the generation and temporal characterisation of a comb consisting of non-consecutive harmonics. The single-shot correlation analysis of the photoelectron spectra and the reordering of the single-shot data using an attosecond timing tool allow the reconstruction of the group delay dispersion of the harmonic comb and the temporal reconstruction of the attosecond pulse trainP.K.M acknowledges financial support from Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Freiburg im Breisgau. G.S. acknowledges financial support by FRIAS and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft project International Research Training Group (IRTG) CoCo 2079 and INST 39/1079 (High Repetition-Rate Attosecond Source for Coincidence Spectroscopy), Priority Program 1840 (QUTIF), and grants 429805582 (Project SA 3470/4- 1) and 547508320 (Project SA 3470/14-1). I.M., M.S., B.M. and G.S. acknowledge financial support by the BMBF project 05K19VF1, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft project Research Training Group DynCAM (RTG 2717), and Georg H. Endress Foundation. D.B. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council grant 2020- 06384 and from the Wallenberg Center for Quantum Technology. G.S. acknowledges financial support from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska Curie grant agreement No 101168628 (project QUATTO). This work has been financially supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR) (grant number 2023-03464) and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grant number 2017.0104) Sweden. Calculations were performed at the Mare Nostrum Supercomputer of the Red Española de Supercomputación (BSC-RES MN5). A.P., J.F. and M.B. acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities-Agencia Estatal de Investigación through Grant Nos. PID2021-125894NB-I00, PID2022-138288NB-C32, CNS2023-145254 and CEX2023001316-M (through the María de Maeztu program for Units of Excellence in R&D), as well as the Comunidad de Madrid PRICIT program through project PCD-IP3PCD02
Sintomatología postraumática y regulación emocional en mujeres revictimizadas en violencia de pareja
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Fecha de Lectura: 25-06-2025La tesis doctoral se desarrolló en el contexto del proyecto
de I+D: PGC2018-096130-B-I00 “Victimización y Revictimización en
Víctimas de Violencia de Género”, fnanciado por la convocatoria de 2018
de Proyectos de I+D de Generación de Conocimiento del Programa Estatal
de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científco y Tecnológico
del Sistema de I+
Teamwork and personality: A proposal from the Participatory Action-Research
No full textTrabajo Fin de Grado en Psicología. Curso académico 2024-2025
Modalidad C. Diseño y/o aplicación de un/a proyecto/propuesta de intervenciónEste trabajo propone un diseño de intervención orientado a favorecer, desde una perspectiva participativa, el rendimiento de los equipos de trabajo. Su relevancia radica en la creciente presencia del uso de la personalidad en diversos contextos, en ocasiones de forma cuestionable. Para abordarlo, se emplea un enfoque cualitativo basado en la Investigación-Acción Participativa (IAP). Este diseño ofrece una alternativa para mejorar el funcionamiento de los equipos de trabajo, teniendo en cuenta la personalidad de sus miembros y haciéndoles partícipes del proceso de análisis y cambioThis work proposes an intervention design aimed at improving team performance through a participatory perspective. Its relevance lies in the increasing use of personality in various contexts, sometimes in questionable ways. To address this, a qualitative approach based on Participatory Action Research (PAR) is used. This design offers an alternative for enhancing team functioning by considering team members personalities and involving them in the process of analysis and chang
Ultrafast fragmentation of highly-excited doubly-ionized deoxyribose: role of the liquid water environment
No full textAb initio molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the fragmentation dynamics following the double ionization of 2-deoxy-d-ribose (DR), a major component in the DNA chain. Different ionization scenarios are considered to provide a complete picture. First focusing on isolated DR2+, fragmentation patterns are determined for the ground electronic state, adding randomly distributed excitation energy to the nuclei. These patterns differ for the two isomers studied. To compare thermal and electronic excitation effects, Ehrenfest dynamics are also performed, allowing to remove the two electrons from selected molecular orbitals. Two intermediate-energy orbitals, localized on the carbon chain, were selected. The dissociation pattern corresponds to the most frequent pattern obtained when adding thermal excitation. On the contrary, targeting the four deepest orbitals, localized on the oxygen atoms, leads to selective ultrafast C-O and/or O-H bond dissociation. To probe the role of environment, a system consisting of a DR molecule embedded in liquid water is then studied. The two electrons are removed from either the DR or the water molecules directly linked to the sugar through hydrogen bonds. Although the dynamics onset is similar to that of isolated DR when removing the same deep orbitals localized on the sugar oxygen atoms, the subsequent fragmentation patterns differ. Sugar damage also occurs following the Coulomb explosion of neighboring H2O2+ molecules due to interaction with the emitted O or H atoms.The authors acknowledge the generous allocation of computer time at the Centro de Computaci\u00F3n Cient\u00EDfica at the Universidad Aut\u00F3noma de Madrid (CCC-UAM). This work was also performed using HPC resources from GENCI-CINES/IDRIS (Grant No. A0060805014) and granted access to the HPC resources of the MeSU platform at Sorbonne-Universit\u00E9. This work was partially supported by MICINN (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) project PID2022-138470NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, the \u201CMar\u00EDa de Maeztu\u201D (CEX2018-000805-M) Program for Centers of Excellence in RD, \u00C9lectricit\u00E9 de France and the Reimei Research Program (Japan Atomic Energy Agency)
Incomplete judicial organisation or ‘compilation of what is fittingly applicable to the Overseas provinces’ (1870-1875)
No full textLa norma más conocida de organización judicial de las provincias ultramarinas durante el Sexenio democrático es el Decreto orgánico de 25 de octubre de 1870, un trasunto de la Ley orgánica de tribunales peninsular, del que se suele sostener que tuvo una importancia relativa y escasa aplicación. Ciertamente, su vigencia estuvo constreñida a un periodo político muy corto y sus efectos fueron limitados. Sin embargo, si se estudia la normativa septembrina que acabó desembocando en dicho Decreto, así como las normas que culminaron en su desmantelamiento en 1875, se puede apreciar su relevancia y, a su través, el programa político para una justicia colonial que en su contexto y en la medida de lo posible se quiso ajustar aquende y allende los mares a la Constitución de 1869. La excepcionalidad del periodo revela el impulso de las reformas y el espíritu asimilacionista, pero también los contundentes límites políticos a que estuvieron sujetos. Este artículo aborda el plan metropolitano del Sexenio para reformar la justicia ultramarina, particularmente la trasposición de la inamovilidad judicial peninsular a las islas, y muestra las dificultades que la propia metrópoli planteó para su implantación. El objetivo es tratar de exponer la importancia y el impacto de un diseño judicial estatal que tiene que adaptarse a la singularidad política, jurídica y, por ende, judicial de unos territorios revestidos de especialidadThe best known regulation of judicial organisation in the overseas provinces during the Democratic Sexenio was a brief version of the Organic Law of the Peninsular Courts: the Organic Decree of 25 October 1870, of which it is generally held that it was of relative importance and had little application. Certainly, its force was constrained to a very short political period and its effects were limited. However, examining the revolutionary regulations that led to the Decree, as well as the regulations that culminated in its dismantling in 1875, it is possible to appreciate its relevance and, through it, the political programme for a colonial justice system that, in its context and as far as possible, sought to comply with the Constitution of 1869, both here and across the seas. The exceptional nature of the period reveals the impetus of the reforms and the assimilationist spirit, but also the strong political limits to which they both were subject. This article deals with the metropolitan plan of the Sexenio to reform overseas justice, particularly the transposition of peninsular judicial irremovability to the islands, and shows the difficulties that the metropolis itself posed for its implementation. The aim is to try to expose the importance and impact of a State judicial design that had to adapt to the political, legal and, therefore, judicial singularity of territories invested with specialit
AI4Food, a feasibility study for the implementation of automated devices in the nutritional advice and follow up within a weight loss intervention
No full textBackground & aims
The widespread prevalence of NCDs calls for an improvement in their prevention and treatment. Wearable technologies can be an important asset in the development of precision nutrition strategies, for both health professionals and patients. However, their clinical use is hindered by a lack of validation against current methodologies or appropriate tools to deliver nutritional strategies based on their data. Our study includes manual and automatic data capture methods within a weight loss intervention with the aim to create an essential asset for the implementation, validation, and benchmarking of AI-based tools in nutritional clinical practice.
Methods
This is a feasibility prospective and crossover controlled trial for weight loss in overweight and obese participants, randomized into two groups: Group 1 used manual data collection methods based on validated questionnaires for the first two weeks; while Group 2 started with automatic data collection methods consisting of wearable sensors. After two weeks, the two groups switched data collection methods. Lifestyle data, anthropometric measurements and biological samples were collected from all participants.
Results
A total of 93 participants completed the nutritional intervention designed for weight loss, achieving a mean reduction of 2 kg (V1: 84.99 SD ± 13.69, V3: 82.72 SD ± 13.32, p < 0.001). Significant reductions were observed in body mass index, visceral fat, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and HbA1c levels. The use of electronic devices proved satisfactory among the participants (System Usability Scale score 78.27 ± 12.86). We also report the presence of distinct patient groups based on continuous glucose measurements.
Conclusion
This study has yielded a large amount of data and has showcased how automatic data collection devices can be employed to gather data in the context of a nutritional intervention. This will enable the implementation of AI-based tools in nutritional clinical practiceThis work has been supported by projects AI4FOOD-CM(Y2020/ TCS6654), NutriSION-CM (Y2020/BIO-6350). Grant FACINGLCOVIDCM (PD2022-004-REACT-EU) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR”. Grant HumanCAIC (TED2021-131787BeI00) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. PowerAIþ (SI4/PJI/2024-00062, funded by Comunidad de Madrid through the grant agreement for the promotion of research and technology transfer at UAM). B.L-P.: Grant Formacion del Profesorado Universitario (FPU22/04053) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. L.J.M-Z.: Grant Juan de la Cierva (IJC2019-042188-I) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033. ALIBIRD2020-CM (P2018/BAA-4343) supported by program call of R & D Activities among Research Groups of the Community of Madrid and co-financed with European Union Structural Funds. Project INTER-ACTION (PID2021-126521OB-I00) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF/EU”. Project PID2022-138295OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and “ERDF/EU”. Genomic Laboratory GENYALLab (REDLAB, the laboratories network of the Community of Madrid, under registration number 440
Pfaffian formulas for non equivalent bases
No full textPfaffian formulas used to compute overlaps necessary to carry out generator coordinate method calculations using a set of Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov wave functions, are generalized to the case where each of the HFB states are expanded in different arbitrary bases spanning different sub-space of the Hilbert space. The formula obtained is compared with previous results proving to be completely equivalent to them. A discussion of equivalent formulas obtained in the literature is carried outThis work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), grants No PID2021-127890NB-I0
Selection function of clusters in Dark Energy Survey year 3 data from cross-matching with South Pole Telescope detections
No full textArtículo escrito por un elevado número de autores. Solo se referencia el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMContext. Galaxy clusters selected based on overdensities of galaxies in photometric surveys provide the largest cluster samples. However, modeling the selection function of such samples is complicated by noncluster members projected along the line of sight (projection e ects) and the potential detection of unvirialized objects (contamination).
Aims. We empirically constrained the magnitude of these e ects by cross-matching galaxy clusters selected in the Dark Energy Survey data with the redMaPPer algorithm with significant detections in three South Pole Telescope surveys (SZ, pol-ECS, pol-500d).
Methods. For matched clusters, we augmented the redMaPPer catalog with the SPT detection significance. For unmatched objects we used the SPT detection threshold as an upper limit on the SZe signature. Using a Bayesian population model applied to the collected multiwavelength data, we explored various physically motivated models to describe the relationship between observed richness and halo mass.
Results. Our analysis reveals a clear preference for models with an additional skewed scatter component associated with projection e ects over a purely log-normal scatter model. We rule out significant contamination by unvirialized objects at the high-richness end of the sample. While dedicated simulations o er a well-fitting calibration of projection e ects, our findings suggest the presence of redshift-dependent trends that these simulations may not have captured. Our findings highlight that modeling the selection function of optically detected clusters remains a complicated challenge that requires a combination of simulation and data-driven approachesMCis supported by the PRIN 2022 project EMC2 – Euclid
Mission Cluster Cosmology: unlock the full cosmological utility of the Euclid
photometric cluster catalog (code no. J53D23001620006). The South Pole TeleTelescope
program is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through
awards OPP-1852617 and 2332483. Partial support is also provided by the Kavli
Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago.Work at Argonne
National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of High Energy Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Funding
for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the
U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of
Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom,
the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the
Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University,
the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M
University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho
de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia
e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating
Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are
Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the
University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales
y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College
London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator
Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciències
de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München
and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF
NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University
of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M
University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations
at NSF Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF NOIRLab
(NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the
Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative
agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management
system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant
Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish
institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants PID2021-123012,
PID2021-128989 PID2022-141079, SEV-2016-0588, CEX2020-001058-M and
CEX2020-001007-S, some of which include ERDF funds from the European
Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de
Catalunya. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de
Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). This
document was prepared by the DES Collaboration using the resources of the
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy,
O ce of Science, O ce of High Energy Physics HEP User Facility. Fermilab is
managed by Fermi Forward Discovery Group, LLC, acting under Contract No.
89243024CSC00000
Hacia la inclusividad en la traducción científica (inglés-español) de nombres de persona sin romper las reglas
No full textEnglish language, the lingua franca for science, is a genderless language that must be daily rendered into Spanish language, a gendered language. Considering the need for further inclusion, we present this research paper, focused on the English-Spanish translation of a corpus of scientific items, by selecting 4 reputed English scientific journals representative of the latest advances in the area of Science. Then, we selected 15 scientific English genderless names related to people, that could be challenging since they must be rendered into a gendered language (Spanish). Subsequently, we performed a lexicographic research by searching every terminological item within monolingual scientific dictionaries, bilingual (English-Spanish) scientific dictionaries, and bilingual (non-specialized) dictionaries. Our research outcomes unveil how the researched references did not offer a significant number of genderless translations, whilst our translation proposals illustrated how Spanish language may resort to interesting different translation options for rendering an inclusive Spanish, without breaking grammatical rulesEl inglés, lengua franca para la ciencia, es un idioma sin marca de género que ha de ser traducido diariamente hacia el castellano, que cuenta con un marcado género gramatical. Partiendo de la necesidad de una mayor inclusión de género en traducción, presentamos este artículo de investigación, centrado en la traducción inglés-español de un corpus de elementos científicos, que fueron extraídos de 4 reconocidas revistas en lengua inglesa, las cuales presentan las últimas innovaciones en ciencia. Posteriormente, realizamos una investigación lexicográfica, buscando cada elemento terminológico en diccionarios científicos monolingües, diccionarios científicos bilingües (inglés-español), así como en diccionarios bilingües (inglés-español) no especializados. Por otro lado, también propusimos nuestras propias traducciones para el corpus de la presente investigación. Los resultados de la misma ponen de manifiesto cómo las fuentes lexicográficas investigadas no presentaron un número significativo de traducciones sin marca de género, mientras que nuestras propuestas de traducción demuestran cómo la lengua castellana puede recurrir a una serie de propuestas traductológicas de interés para poder emplear un castellano inclusivo, sin saltarse las reglas gramaticale
PEPT2, una diana accionable en la nefrotoxicidad por colistina
No full textTesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de Lectura: 09-06-2025La Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) es la causa de muerte no transmisible que más aumentó su incidencia entre 1990 y 2013, estimándose que en 2019 afectaba a 850 millones de personas, con previsión de convertirse en la primera causa de muerte en 2100. Su diagnóstico implica mayor riesgo de Fracaso Renal Agudo (FRA) y de muerte. Además, el desarrollo de FRA de cualquier causa aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar ERC. Aunque las causas más comunes de ERC son la diabetes e hipertensión, existen regiones donde la causa es desconocida, como en la Nefropatía Mesoamericana y de Sri-Lanka donde se hipotetiza sobre causas ambientales. Gracias a la Medicina de Sistemas, a través de estudios de asociación genética o GWAS, identificamos SLC15A2, y su producto PEPT2, como una diana accionable en enfermedad renal al ser un transportador apical en células del túbulo proximal. Este transportador presenta dos variantes genéticas con relevancia clínica, PEPT2*1 de alta afinidad por sustrato, que generaría mayor citotoxicidad en presencia de nefrotóxicos, y PEPT2*2, de baja afinidad. Identificamos dos problemas clínicos relacionados con dos sustratos nefrotóxicos de PEPT2: FRA por el antibiótico polipeptídico colistina y FRA por ácido delta-aminolevulínico (ALA), metabolito que se acumula en la porfiria aguda intermitente (PAI). Una tercera hipótesis era su asociación con la ERC de causa desconocida, dada la asociación familiar que presentan ambas enfermedades y la alta prevalencia de la variante PEPT2*1 en las regiones de Mesoamérica y Sri-Lanka. El acúmulo de ALA en la PAI genera daño renal mediado por especies reactivas de oxígeno y daño mitocondrial, contribuyendo al desarrollo de nefropatía crónica asociada a porfiria. El uso de colistina, un antibiótico de uso crítico frente a bacterias multirresistentes, está limitado por su nefrotoxicidad. Su mecanismo implica daño tubular proximal mediado por estrés mitocondrial y acumulación intracelular. A pesar de ser indispensable en infecciones graves, la falta de estrategias protectoras efectivas agrava su impacto renal. En este trabajo se abordaron ambos problemas mediante la realización de modelos murinos in vivo y modelos in vitro con células murinas y humanas para la nefrotoxicidad por colistina y un modelo in vitro con células murinas para la nefrotoxicidad por ALA, usando cefadroxilo como inhibidor competitivo del transporte de ambos sustratos. Con relación a los resultados, el cefadroxilo previno la citotoxicidad, la respuesta proinflamatoria y profibrótica inducida por colistina en los modelos in vitro e in vivo. Sin embargo, no se objetivó citotoxicidad in vitro en los modelos con ALA. Por tanto, el transportador PEPT2 surge como una potencial diana terapéutica para mitigar el daño renal inducido por toxinas y fármacos. Este estudio resalta la necesidad de un enfoque interdisciplinario para comprender las interacciones entre factores genéticos, ambientales y terapéuticos en el daño renal. Los hallazgos subrayan la relevancia de avanzar en la medicina de precisión para prevenir y tratar patologías renales compleja