Food System Dynamics (E-Journals)
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Cerrado Mineiro Region D.O. Mark: Internationalization Strategy
Get PDFThe specialty coffee market has been increasing consistently with growth rates above the traditional markets. The number of consumers who are willing to pay higher prices for high quality coffee has increased in recent years. The high-end independent coffee shops, known as HEICS, had spread all over the big cities such as New York, Shanghai, London and Berlin. Also, it’s intense the rivalry between world producers to positioned its product as high quality coffee. Colombia coffee has been a relevant marketing case demonstrating the power of country origin image. Brazil, instead, has a powerful image as world leader coffee producer but not necessarily connected with high quality. Cerrado Mineiro Region (CMR) and its Designation of Origin (D.O.) mark could be a starting point to change this scenario. The article presents the CMR D.O. mark in the perspective of its internationalization process. CMR was the first coffee region in Brazil to obtain the Indication of Origin in 2005 and the first region in the world to issue a D.O. seal for green coffee as well for roasting coffee in 2013. In 2017, there were 57 brands using the D.O. seal in their coffee packages, including one American roaster selling at the retailer Wholefoods
Coffee and Health in The Perspective of Young Consumers
Get PDFCoffee consumption has expanded at continuous and increasing rates in Brazil and in the world, and at the same time the interest by young people aged 16 to 25 have been increasing due to category innovations and coffeehouses experiences. (Euromonitor, 2016). Previous studies on coffee consumption have addressed a number of issues (Schollenberg, 2012; Chen and Lee, 2015; Carvalho, Paiva and Vieira, 2016; Wang, Yu, 2016), but few explored the functional aspects of coffee in consumer perception (Aguirre, 2016). In this context, this research seeks to add new knowledge to the existing framework with the central objective of understanding young people's perception of coffee as part of their healthy habits. The in-depth interview technique was used and seventeen cases were collected from 19 to 25 year olds in the second half of 2017. A semi-structured script was applied and it was based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) concepts, classified as one of the most relevant models to explain health behaviors. From the HBM adaptation emerged seven analytical categories used for data interpretation through qualitative content analysis. The results showed that, in general, coffee is not associated with a group of foods that are perceived as part of healthy habits, such as vegetables or fruits. However, coffee isn’t unhealthy such as energy drinks. Nevertheless, young people are not familiar with all its functional benefits. The perception of health is limited: coffee could be a source of wellness since it is a fuel for physical exercises or relaxation (break time) besides it is considered the main source of energy to improve productivity at work and in university life. In this specific moment, coffee becomes highly relevant not only as a source of energy to go further in career and studies, but also playing a key role as an instrument for socialization. In other words, besides being a natural stimulant, the drink is perceived as an important ally of adult life transition and symbol of contemporary lifestyle, which justifies its relevance at this stage of young people's life, marked by the quest for independence. Therefore, in the eyes of young people consumers, coffee seems to occupy a unique and strong territory where no other category of food and beverages could be positioned at
Consumers’ Food Choosing Behavior under Nested Structure
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate the consumers’ dairy food choice behaviours and preferences and their affecting factors based on a sample collected in Sari, Iran in 2018. This research used the nested logit model. The results revealed that yoghurt, milk and cheese were the most preferred among dairy products and older consumers were more interested in low-fat dairy products. Affecting factors on consumers’ preferences indicated that price and family expenses decreased the probability of their choice, while variables such as age, education and attention to exercise increased this probability. Marketing mix variables (the 4Ps) also had significant effects on the selection of dairy products
Economic Evaluation of the Austrian Rural Development Programme: Is EU-funding an Appropriate Means to Increase Competitiveness of the Agricultural Sector within the Food Supply Chain?
Get PDFThe EU provides a number of subsidies for the European agricultural sector to promote rural development. In particular, the public funding intends to increase the competitiveness of the agricultural sector within the food supply chain. This paper will only focus on subsidies granted for economic purposes.In Austria, the Federal Ministry for Sustainability and Tourism takes over the responsibility to distribute the funds and guarantees effective use of EU funds. The Ministry is obligated to review the success of the national RDP every two years (2017, 2019 and at the end of the RDP). To evaluate the success of the RDP public funding, the Ministry designated several independent evaluators for all kinds of areas (economic, social, environmental targets).We took over the responsibility to evaluate the economic part of the RDP. In particular, the evaluation scheme focuses on target P3 of the RDP: “Promoting food chain organisation, including processing and marketing of agricultural products, animal welfare and risk management in agriculture”. The relevant focus area (3A) addresses the competitiveness of producers: “Improving competitiveness of primary producers by better integrating them into the agri-food chain through quality schemes, adding value to agricultural products, promotion in local markets and short supply circuits, producer groups and inter-branch organisations” (European Commission, 2014). Indicative public support for this focus area alone amounts to about 540 million Euros (in total, the public spending within the Austrian RDP 2014-20 amounts to almost 8 billion Euro). The parts of focus area 3A relevant for evaluation amount to more than 300 million Euros.To approximate the effectiveness of the public spending, a sample out of all subsidised companies has been evaluated by means of several data sources. In addition to secondary data provided by the companies themselves, we conducted a number of in-depth personal interviews collecting business data, personal estimation of effects, satisfaction with application and transaction procedures, organisational issues, etc. In all, the intention is to approximate the net effects of public funding in view of economic development in rural areas
Food Value Chain Coordination in Practice: European and Australian Case Studies of the Creation of Chain Good Innovations
Get PDFFood value chain businesses form alliances with horizontal and/or vertical partners to take collective action to either overcome or ameliorate chain failure, or to take advantage of new opportunities available due to innovations in products or processes. The desired outcomes from the collective action would not be possible to achieve if these businesses acted independently. While such alliances may take many forms, depending on degree of commitment and infrastructure linkages, they can often be considered to be clubs. Four such types of clubs can be identified (1) horizontal clubs comprising businesses that take collective action across a single cross-section or an aggregate of multiple cross-sections in the value chain; (2) vertical clubs, which consist of businesses that form a strategic alliance for collective action along a single value chain within a network of chains; (3) clubs that specialise in a single product or multiple products in the value chain; or (4) clubs focusing on a single input/activity or multiple inputs/activities. Thus the path to collective action chosen by clubs may vary according to existing capabilities and the scope for collaboration, particularly in relation to the potential for value-creating innovation. The result of the collective action is the provision of a chain good or service which usually leads to greater and more valuable chain coordination. By collectively identifying, funding and acting to capture positive externalities associated with innovation, businesses in many parts of a food value chain can widen opportunities to increase whole-of-chain surplus as well as increase private profits.In this paper four mini-case studies are presented which demonstrate the breadth of past collective actions that have been undertaken by a substantial proportion of businesses in food value chains, two in Europe and two in Australia. These are (1) the Euro Pool System, (2) Global Standards certification in Europe and globally, (3) Meat Standards Australia, and (4) the OBE Beef organic producer alliance in Australia. Each case study yields insights into the rationale of how businesses in different food value chains in different countries have acted as a club to use their joint resources to internalise positive innovation and coordination externalities that would not have been possible to achieve were these businesses to act independently
Supply chain management according to the concept of short supply chain
Get PDFIn the last two decades, the topic of sustainability has moved from the fringes of supply chain management research to the mainstream and is now an area of significant research activity, and in particular the short food supply chains (SFSCs). The growing interest in SFSCs reflects the consumer demand for quality and traceability, given the alarming health crises in food markets. The SFSCs’ have potential to increase farm value added (margin distribution), promote sustainable farming systems, diversify production and contribute to local economic development. There are many different forms of SFSC, but they share a common characteristic of reduced numbers of intermediaries between the farmer or food producer, and the consumer. From a customers' point of view, SFSCs transfer more complete information about the origin of the food and, for producers, SFSCs retain a higher share of added value. In this paper, we highlight the importance of SFSC for sustainable economic development and present the current situation in EU. The SFSCs have potential to increase farm value added (profit allocation), promote sustainable farming systems, diversify production and contribute to local economic development
Exploring the Landscape of Innovative “from Food to Feed” Strategies: A Review
Get PDFThe identification of new strategies to prevent or at least reduce the volume of food waste needs to consider a wide range of solutions and priorities that EU policy is recently implementing. Based on the principles of the circular economy, one of the most promising solutions is to prevent food losses turning into waste by working synergistically on different action points. Amongst them, the strategy of repurposing food waste through conversion in a safe and sustainable feed product is acquiring huge interest amongst scientists and policy makers. In this context, the aim of the work is to depict the landscape of the existent solutions for the valorisation of food waste for animal feeding, through a systematic review of the literature, to answer the following three research questions: 1) To what extent is the interest of the academic research increasing, in line with the priorities of the international political agenda? 2) Which kinds of approaches have been used to explore this issue? 3) What type of solutions is the scientific literature able to propose to support policy makers in setting the strategies for the re‐use of food waste as animal feed? A set of keywords has been applied for the search in the “Topic” option of the Web of Science Core Collection resulting in 114 references. The application of filters for the identification of the relevant papers led to a final dataset composed of 31 scientific studies. Papers have been coded according to the nature of the study, namely theoretical or experimental, the source and the type of food waste considered, the type of technology used to process food waste (if any) and the destination of the final product. The literature suggests thatthe most positive aspect related to these practices is the low environmental impact, while the most critical issue regards compliance with the EU legal framework that is strictly dependent on the composition of the wasted food. The analysis revealed a growing interest in this field of research, with a great focus on the estimation of the environmental impact but few studies targeted on the assessment of the economic dimension
Value Beyond Price: End User Value Chain Analysis
Get PDFUniqueness does not lead to value addition, if it is not valuable to the consumer. A supplier’s value chain activity isinherently dependent on the satisfaction it provides to consumers in addressing their needs. This is particularlyimportant since the supplier’s product is the input in the consumers’ value chain. Therefore, this article presents amethodological framework of value‐chain concept and analysis that is tailored to revealing and understandingconsumer needs by ensuring that the consumer is the focus of the analysis. The framework proposes to view theconsumer beyond just a buyer by understanding its own value chain within which the product is fits. This is achieved by defining the consumption chain and assessing the consumers experience with the product. It therefore goes beyond analyzing the factors affecting the availability and prices of food products to more subtle value elements including acceptability, utilization, physical and nutritional quality of food. Following that, it introduces the consumer into the supply chain by realigning production processes based on identified consumer requirements. The framework focuses on getting the product value chain to focus on providing consumer value by identifyingareas where activities can be adjusted to have a greater influence on the consumption chain
Innovation in Agri-food Systems – A Systematic Mapping of the Literature
Get PDFThis study systematically explores, analyses, reports on and synthesises research on the topic of sectoral innovation systems related to agriculture and agri-food in OECD countries. It is based on systematic mapping of the literature (academic papers published in scientific journals) in the period 1997-2017. The aim is to show the state of current knowledge on sectoral innovation systems in agri-food, in order to identify knowledge gaps and future areas for research and provide methodological and theoretical perspectives. Abstracts for a total of 320 papers were analysed, using a qualitative approach. Key elements of agricultural innovation systems identified were organised into 8 main themes/topics: agents, basic technologies, knowledge and learning processes, mechanisms of interaction, institutions, end-users, system transition and contextual variables. Areas identified as requiring research included making the sector more consumer- and market-oriented, increasing interactions outside conventional system boundaries, including the consumer perspective and societal changes, and determining the role of gender in innovation in agri-food systems
The Cost of Climate Change to Agricultural Industries: Coconuts in Sri Lanka
Get PDFAgriculture in low latitude countries such as Sri Lanka is already operating at the maximum temperature limits for crop growth and faces increased production risk from expected climate change. Sri Lanka is a developing country with limited economic and technological capacity to develop adaptation strategies; hence more vulnerable to climate change than developed countries. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) is a rain fed perennial crop important in Sri Lankan culture, food consumption and the economy. It is the second most important food in the Sri Lankan diet after rice. Several studies have examined the impact of climate change on Sri Lankan agriculture, but none were conducted to simulate the impact of future climate change and future adaptation strategies on coconut production, or to calculate the economic welfare effects for different stakeholders in the coconut value chain. In this paper we report the development of an economic model of the coconut value chain that allows prediction of welfare impacts, and a quantitative representation of coconut yield that allows prediction of the impact of changing climatic conditions. The average outcome of 16 climate models was used to generate future climatic conditions, with two future climatic scenarios for 2020, 2030 and 2050 considered for three production regions. The most important yield estimate was a yield decline of more than 10 percent in the wet climatic zone due to the expected increase of maximum temperature. Without extra adaptation measures this is predicted to result in a loss to the industry of 4,795 Rs. Million annually by 2020, which is nearly 4.7 percent of the total value of the industry at equilibrium prices and quantities. The negative impact of climate change has the potential to be reduced with the implementation of additional adaptation practices. However, the cost effectiveness of these practices needs to be considered. Wider adoption of fertilizer application at specific times and moisture conservation practices are estimated to be economically beneficial