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Epstein Barr Virus negative Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma Involving the Maxillary Sinus: A Rare Case Report
Get PDFIntroduction: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is one of the rare malignancies involving the head and neck region. It is common in Eskimos and Chinese population with Epstein Barr virus association. Standard treatment protocol is not in place owing to the rarity of this tumor.Case Presentation: The present case is a LEC involving the right maxillary sinus not associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and first of its kind presentation in the Indian population. Lack of awareness, nonaffordability and poor patient compliance resulted in poor response to radiotherapy. The patient succumbed within fourteen months of diagnosis.Conclusion: Cancer treatment is still not at reach to the poor and the illiterate. Epidemiological studies targeted at genetic basis of origin will be beneficial in identifying rare, and unusual presentation of the disease. We believe that this case will highlight the importance of risk assessment and early diagnosis of cancer at mass level
A Case of Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy: Management and Review of the Literature
Get PDFIntroduction: Cervical ectopic pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy. It can be diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasonography at an early stage and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging.Presentation of case: In such cases, early diagnosis and management can avert life-threatening consequences like uterine rupture and abundant hemorrhage, while sparing fertility. We herein discussed diagnostic process, follow-up, and management of a cervical ectopic pregnancy case.Conclusion: Cervical ectopic pregnancy has been shown that the conservative methods are safe and reliable treatment techniques in early detected cervical ectopic pregnancy cases; they also have the advantage to spare future fertility of patients
Submissive Osteoarthrectomy in Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis- Subharti Experience
Get PDFObjective: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of submissive osteoarthrectomy in temporomandibular ankylosis patients.Patients and method: A total 15 patients (20 joints) were operated under general anaesthesia and in these 15 patients 5 were male and 10 were female. Out of these 15 patients 10 were suffering from unilateral TMJ ankylosis and 5 were with bilateral TMJ ankylosis. The age of the patients was ranged from 10-19 years with mean of 12.53 years. After exposure ankylotic mass a gap of 6mm was created to achieve the satisfactory mouth opening followed by interposing the temporalis myofacial flap and pedicled buccal fat pad between the cut ends of the bone.Result: All the patients were followed post-surgery for a minimum duration of 24 months. The mean post-operative mouth opening of the patients was 32.45 mm after 2 years with significant improvement in contralateral excursive and protrusive movements. In this case series no significant sign of heterotrophic calcification or reankylosis was noted and anatomical shape of the condyle was also achieved in all cases.Conclusion: Submissive osteoarthrectomy is a modification in surgical technique for the release of temporomandibular joint ankylosis has considerable results in terms of functional and esthetic outcome
Cancer Treatment for Dual Eligibles: What Are the Costs and Who Pays?
Get PDFThis study quantifies treatment costs for melanoma and breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer among patients with dual Medicare and Medicaid eligibility. The analyses use merged Medicare and Medicaid Analytic eXtract enrollment and claims data for dually eligible beneficiaries age18 in Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, and Maine in 2003 (n=892,001). We applied ordinary least squares regression analysis to estimate annual expenditures attributable to each cancer after controlling for beneficiaries’ age, race/ethnicity, sex, and comorbid conditions, and state fixed effects. Cancers and comorbid conditions were identified on the basis of diagnosis codes on insurance claims. The most prevalent cancers were prostate (38.4 per 1,000 men) and breast (30.7 per 1,000 women). Dual eligibles with the study cancers had higher rates of other chronic conditions such as hypertension and arthritis than other beneficiaries. Total Medicare and Medicaid expenditures for dual eligibles with the study cancers ranged from 17,011 for those with breast cancer, compared with 256 million ($314 million in 2012 dollars). Dual eligibles with these cancers also had high rates of other medical conditions. These comorbidities should be recognized, both in documenting cancer treatment costs and in developing programs and policies that promote timely cancer diagnosis and treatment
Role of NF-KB in Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Cancer Cachexia and its Therapeutic Targets
Get PDFCancer cachexia is a type of cancer metabolic syndrome characterized by wasting of energy storage tissue of the body such as loss of skeletal muscle or fat body mass. It is one of the most common forms of cachexia. Researchers have shown that around 50%–80% cancer patients are cachectic and about 22% cancer related deaths are due to cachexia.Recent evidences confirm that skeletal muscle loss is induced by different mediator based mechanisms such as cytokines, tumor-derived factors, TNF-alpha receptors, androgen receptors, negative modulator of growth factors, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. These mediators interact with their unique receptors on skeletal muscles and activate nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) which is a transcription factor essential for atrophy based muscle protein degradation. Inhibition of NF-κB ameliorates cancer-induced muscle loss are suggestive of a new set of drug targets for clinical intervention in cancer cachexia. Here we summarize the recent advances concerning involvement of NF-κB in loss of skeletal muscle mass in cancer cachexia and its therapeutic targets. Future experimental efforts may focus on discovering of new drugs that act as potential therapeutic targets in cancer cachexia against the myriad of signaling pathways to precisely understand the mechanisms of loss of skeletal muscle mass and adipose tissue which could demonstrates significant improvement in treatment outcome, functional status and quality of life of the patients
A Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm from a Locally Advanced Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Pseudoaneurysms or false arterial aneurysms are infrequent complications that result from direct injury to the vascular wall leading to a single-layer hematoma. The formation of a pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to an adjacent lung neoplasm is a rare occurrence.Presentation of Case: We report a patient who developed a pseudoaneurysm of his left pulmonary artery from an infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.Conclusion: Despite the relative infrequency, the presence of a pulmonary pseudoaneurysm secondary to a lung cancer continues to have a high mortality. The aneurysm was managed with an endovascular stent with the goal of hemorrhage control. Unfortunately, the presence of the pseudoaneurysm in the context of his rapidly growing squamous cell carcinoma made the patient no longer a candidate for curative surgery, chemotherapy or radiation. After a long discussion on the patient’s wishes and goals of care, he decided for palliative care measures. He was sent home with home oxygen and community supports in order to spend the remaining days with his family
pShuffle: A Plasmid for in vitro Evolution
Get PDFMulti-gene shuffling is a powerful method used to combine and optimize attributes of various proteins. Here we report on the design and construction of the plasmid “pShuffle” which is suited for a variety of in vitro DNA-recombination techniques. The multiple cloning site (MCS) of pShuffle was designed to allow for the cloning of genes as well as their expression under control of either a lac- or a T7-promoter. As a specific feature, this MCS allows for the fusion of special linker sequences to both ends of cloned genes. After subsequent DNA-recombination steps, these linkers facilitate reamplification of generated gene variants, and thus may be used to construct clone libraries for activity screenings. The suitability of pShuffle for multi-gene shuffling applications was further shown with a set of styrene monooxygenase genes originating from proteo- and actinobacteria
Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a malignant primary cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor with high propensity for local recurrence and distant metastasis. It commonly involves skin, brain, bone, liver and lung. Distant metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract, including pancreas, is very rare.Presentation of Case: In this article we report a case of a 59 year old male with history of left gluteal skin MCC which presented with metastatic involvement of body of pancreas 5 months after the diagnosis of primary tumor.Conclusion: Although MCC metastases to pancreas is rare, it should be kept in mind in patients with abdominal complaints and past history of MCC
P38 MAPK-dependent Targets of Gaseous Transmitters Proapoptotic Action in Jurkat Cells
Get PDFBackground: p38 MAPK participates in gases-induced apoptosis signal transmission though it hasn’t molecular structure necessary for interaction with gaseotransmitters.Methodology: annexin positive cells and cells with decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. Caspase 3 and 9 activity was investigated via spectrophotometry. Protein contents of Bcl-2 family members were measured with western blot analysis.Results: Caspase-3 and -9 activity and the number of cells with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential showed the apoptotic reaction vector when p38 MAPK-dependent pathways of NO and CO action inhibited. Inhibition of p38 kinase in H2S treated cells led to caspase-3 activation accompanied with the decrease of the number of apoptotic cells. Proteins Bcl-2 and Bad were the p38 MAPK-dependent targets of all three gases action. P38 MAPK influenced on protein Aven when intracellular H2S concentration increased and on Bcl-xl protein in CO-treated cells. In both cases p38 kinase was the negative regulator of these proteins and promoted the proapoptotic action of gases abolishing the gases-mediated increase of the Aven and Bcl-xl content. Conclusion: p38 MAPK acted proapoptotically in the cases of intracellular increase of NO and H2S and antiapoptotically in CO-treated cells.