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Anticonvulsant Activities of Various Series of Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Triazole, Thiadiazine, Benzo-triazole, Benzothiazole, Oxadiazole Ring Systems
Get PDFIn searching for better anticonvulsant drug and the importance of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 2-amino-5- {2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazole (1), 1-(5-{2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzyl}-1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl)-urea (2) and N-(5-{2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl) amino]benzyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-hydrazine carbox-amide (3) and N1-(5-{2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N4-(4-substituted benzaldehyde) -semicarbazones (4a-f) and N1-(5-{2-[(2,6-dichloro phenyl) amino] benzyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N4-[1-(4-substituted phenyl) ethanone]-semicarbazone (5a-d) and N1-(5-{2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl) amino]benzyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) -N4-[1-(4-substituted henyl) (phenyl) methanone]-semicarbazones (6a-d) were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity. Among all the compounds, 6b emerged out as the most potent compound. The anticonvulsant activity of 7-alkoxy- triazolo-[3,4-b]benzo[d]thiazoles (7a-u). Most compounds showed good anticonvulsant activity. Compound (7g) was found to be the most potent compound. A series of 2-(1H-Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N'-[substituted]acetohydrazides (8a-j) were tested for anticonvulsant activity and the most active compound was (8i). Various 6-phenyl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo [3,4-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazines (9a-n) fused with 1,2,4-triazoles. Most compounds showed some degree of anticonvulsant activity. Compound (9h) was the most promising compound. A series of benzothiazole sulfonamides, 2-Amino-1,3-benzothiazoles (10a-c), 6-Sulfamido-1,3-benzothiazo-2-yl-thiosemicarbazides (11a-c) and N-[(1,3-benzothiazole-2-ylamino) (imino)methyl]-nitro-benzene sulfonamides 12a-b were tested for the anticonvulsant activity. The significant results were found with compounds (11c) and (10c). Compound (10c), (11c) and compound (10b) were found to be raised in the onset of convulsion and other test drugs showed moderate protection
Hybrid Composite Laminates from ESOA-BisGMA Blend and 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) Treated Jute Fiber
Get PDFThe development of an inter-cross-linked polymer network of thermoset-thermoset blends have been extensively studied due to their enhanced mechanical properties. Among various polymer blends, modifications of vinyl ester resin (VER) i.e. styrene cross-linkable Bisphenol-A glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) with epoxidized soybean oil acrylate (ESOA) combinations are an attractive route to promote the performance of the thermoset matrix and to overcome the inferior properties of both the components. The primary goal of this research is to develop hybrid composite laminates from ESOA-BisGMA blend (50:50 wt%) using both untreated and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) treated jute fiber as reinforcement and then to characterize thereof. The mechanical properties like tensile strength, bending strength bending E.modulus, dynamic mechanical analysis, corrosion and ageing studies have been investigated. The results suggested improved properties of the hybrid systems with the incorporation of ESOA-BisGMA blend as the composite matrix. Moreover, HEA treatment of jute fiber enhanced the composite properties further, which interestingly, outperformed the parent ESOA-BisGMA blend and untreated jute-ESOA/BisGMA blend based composite. In this investigation 5 ply of jute fabric has been reinforced into ESOA-BisGMA blend matrix, so that at a low cost thin sheets can be produced. This may be used as an alternate material to wood, which has not been carried out elsewhere
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of In-Situ Generated Polyimide/Silica/Polyoxometalate Hybrids via Sol-Gel Method
Get PDFIn this research attempt, polyimide (PI) was prepared using 4-bromobenzene-1,3-diamine dihydrochloride and trimellitic anhydride chloride. The organic-inorganic nanocomposites were developed by means of TEOS and various content of polyoxometalate (POM). The silica network was synthesized in the polyimide matrix through in-situ sol-gel technique. FTIR was used to study the formation of polyimide and sol-gel nanocomposites. The physical properties of the in-situ prepared polyimide/silica/polyoxometalate nanocomposites were compared with those of neat polymer and polyimide/silica composite. Morphology study confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of silica phase in PI bulk phase with the formation of porous network structure. The glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites was in the range of 240-275 °C, i.e. higher than the neat matrix (156 °C). The melting peaks were also increased compared with the neat polyimide. Water uptake studies exhibited significant improvement in property for hybrids with higher POM content. In summary, PI/TEOS/POM 50 nanocomposite depicted improved thermal and water absorption properties along with the well-dispersed morphology
Influence of Pederson Score and its Constitutional Anatomical Parameters to Predict the Postoperative morbidity after Lower Third Molar Removal: A Prospective Cohort Study
Get PDFThe purpose of present study is to determine the Influence of Pederson Score and its constitutional anatomical parameters in predicting the postoperative morbidityafter the removal of impacted lower third molars. This clinical prospective cohort study included 50 patients with impacted mandibular third molars. Their position, depth and angulation was assessed using Intraoral Periapical and Orthopantomograms and subsequently all molars were assigned as easy, moderate or difficult to extract as per Pedersons difficulty index. Swelling, Trismus and Pain and Incidence of Alveolar Osteitis (AO) were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 24, 48, 72 and 7 days. Difficulty Score predicted the Trismus (all follow-ups) and Pain at 72 hrs and at 7 days postoperatively. Mild group of Pederson scale did not depict the swelling as mild group revealed more swelling compared to moderate group. Ramus relation was not predictive of any complications significantly. Relative depth of third molars significantly predicted postoperative swelling (p-value=0.00). Angulation of the third molars significantly affected development of trismus (p-value=0.03). Incidence of AO was influenced by Ramus relation and Relative depth of third molar. Our experience showed that it is difficult to estimate actual morbidity by difficulty index/anatomic variables only and the demographic and clinical variables should not be ignored
Diagnostic Relevance of Primary Investigations in Early Referral and Management of Colorectal Cancer Patients
Get PDFAim: Colorectal cancers are largely considered as curable yet the high mortality rates associated with it points out at deficiency in early management of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic potential of routine primary investigations with an attempt to categorize symptoms for early referral of colorectal cancers patients.Methods: This study involved retrospective analysis of a cohort of 85 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer that underwent surgery in a period of one year. The patients were arranged into different age-groups to analyze the relative incidence and prognosis of the disease with respect to generalized symptoms and clinicopathological details. Multinomial Logistic Regression analysis was employed to predict the most effective set of parameter combinations for primary prognosis of the diseased state.Results: Abdominal pain, rectal bleeding and change in bowel habits were predominantly reported symptoms; however, these were imprecise with age, sex or stage of cancer. Interestingly, almost 85% of the patients were reported anemic, with a majority of them (41.7%) having Hb 10. Anaemic patients showed significantly higher frequency of symptoms viz. change in bowel habits (p 0.023), rectal bleeding (p 0.035) and/or abdominal pain (p 0.039) compared to non-anaemic ones. The co-occurrence of any two of the symptoms further increased the likelihood of the disease in anaemic patients.Conclusion: A substantial decrease in hemoglobin count with concomitant change in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, and/or abdominal pain could be considered as potential referral markers for early management of suspected colorectal cancers patients
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of the Suprapubic Region: A Rare Clinical Entity
Get PDFIntroduction: Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP), an incompletely understood disease entity, has been reported in literature at different sites. However, the suprapubic region as its location further adds to its unusual persona.Case: A 51 year old gentleman presented with a slow growing suprapubic lesion, which on clinical and laboratory evaluation was confirmed to be a Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans, subsequently managed adequately with wide excision and groin flap coverage.Conclusion: Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans, in itself, is a rare entity and the suprapubic region as its location further adds to the unknown persona of the condition. Thus, the importance of maintaining a vigil for DFSP even at the most unusual sites, for optimal and timely diagnosis and management. As is rightly said, “What the mind knows, is what the eyes see”
Pazopanib-Induced Heart Failure in a Metastatic Sarcoma Patient: between Reversible Side Effect and Efficacy
Get PDF Introduction: Pazopanib, a multi-target tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI), is a relatively novel anticancer agent registered for advanced renal cell carcinoma recently emerged in the setting of advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (STS). In the early clinical trials pazopanib has been very marginally linked to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) dysfunction as, on contrary, reported for other anti-angiogenesis TKIs, such as Sunitinib and Sorafenib. Presentation of Case: We here present a case of severe, but reversible, congestive cardiac failure in a 37-year old Caucasian man affected by soft-tissue sarcoma during an efficacious treatment with pazopanib. Conclusion: Cardiac damage from novel TKI treatments is still an underestimated phenomenon. In our patient, pazopanib was the only treatment ensuring stability of disease and its discontinuation meant disease progression. Post-approval monitoring of novel TKIs should be taken into account by clinicians including a careful monitoring of LVEF and all symptoms suggestive of cardiac dysfunction, in particular for drugs potentially capable to change the natural history of still uncurable cancer.
Hormonal and Metabolic Effects of Short-term Energy Imbalance in Obese-Prone as Compared to Obese-Resistant Individuals
Get PDFBackground: While a majority of Americans are overweight, some individuals maintain a healthy weight in spite of fluctuations in energy intake. This study investigates hormonal and metabolic responses to short-term overfeeding and underfeeding in individuals recruited as obese-resistant (OR) or obese-prone (OP) based on self-identification, BMI, and personal/family weight history.Methods: 58 subjects were studied during eucaloric, overfeeding, and underfeeding phases which included a 3-day run-in diet, 1-day intervention diet, and a study day on which a test meal containing 25% of daily energy intake for the intervention diet was provided. Following the test meal, blood was sampled every 30 minutes for hormones and metabolites, and appetite was assessed using visual analog scales. Results: Overfeeding resulted in increased meal responses for insulin, leptin and triglycerides and decreased responses for ghrelin, glucose and free fatty acids (FFA), and underfeeding resulted in decreased insulin, PYY, GLP-1 and triglycerides and increased ghrelin and FFA responses. Ghrelin levels were higher and insulin levels were lower in the OR as compared to the OP, although these effects were attenuated by overfeeding and underfeeding, respectively. Furthermore, there were greater correlations between appetite ratings and appetite-related hormones in the OR. Conclusions: Few studies have assessed hormonal effects of underfeeding, which here was found to result in decreased insulin, PYY and GLP-1, and increased ghrelin. The greater correlations between appetite ratings and appetite-related hormones in the OR suggest that they are more sensitive to short-term energy imbalance and thus may be better able to adjust energy intake accordingly
Effect of UV Exposure on Coir-epoxy Infused Particulate Composite
Get PDFPhoto degradation mainly occurs in the lignin which is responsible for the colour changes. The surface becomes richer in cellulose content as the lignin degrades. In contrast to lignin, cellulose is much less prone to UV degradation. The effect of accelerated UV-aging on properties of coir-epoxy infused particulate composites has been studied. Composites are prepared by the hand layup technique at room temperature (25°C). Composites containing 15%particulates were subjected to accelerate UV-aging in a QUV weatherometer for 24 hrs. The results showed that coir-epoxy infused particulate composites displayed good UV resistance with regard to mechanical properties. The color of the coir-epoxy infused particulate composite changed from dark brown to light brown at the exposed area because of the formation of a thin, strongly degraded surface layer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also carried out to assess the changes occurring during accelerated weathering. These results show the deterioration of the epoxy matrix leading to crystallization. A decrease in epoxy melting temperature was also noted, due to molecular chain scission and the formation of extraneous groups, such as carbonyls and amine
Associations of Anxiety and Psychological Distress with Cancer in US Adults: Results from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey
Get PDFBackground: Little is known about age differences in the associations of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress (PD) with cancer.Objectives: We estimated the prevalence of cancer in the United States (US) adults and examined the associations between mental health problems and cancer, and tested the related age differences.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study (n=34,505, 3,118 had cancer) from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data. Weighted univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: The overall prevalence of cancer is 8.6% (7.6% for males and 9.4 % for females). The prevalence increased with age (2.0%, 9.3% and 24.3% for age groups 18-49, 50-64 and 65+ years, respectively). The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PD was significantly higher in cancer patients than in non-cancers (26% vs. 18%, 20% vs.13%, and 13% vs. 9%, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that being female, aging, anxiety, and PD were positively associated with cancer (p0.05). Age group revealed significant interactions with anxiety and PD, in relation to cancer. Stratified by age groups, PD was positively associated with cancer just in young adults (18-49 years) while anxiety showed a stronger association with cancer in young adults and elderly (65+ years).Conclusions: The prevalence of mental health problems was higher among US adults who had cancer. The associations between mental health problems and cancer varied across ages. Effective strategies may be needed to manage these mental health conditions among patients with cancer at each age