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Non-Alpine Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of Thyroid Gland: A Rare Clinical Scenario
Get PDFMalignant sarcomatous tumors of thyroid gland of vascular endothelial origin are uncommon. Moreover, epithelioid variety of angiosarcoma of thyroid gland is even rarer and exhibit relatively aggressive oncological behavior especially in Non-Alpine world. Here we report such a case of the thyroid neoplasm which proved to be angiosarcoma of thyroid gland on final immunohistological analysis and was treated with total thyroidectomy followed by adriamycin based chemoradiation. This tumor accours very rarely in Non-alpine region and to the best of our knowledge only 19 cases of such a variety have been previously reported in the literature in form of case reports. We also give a brief review of the literature
Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization is the Hand Mirror of Cytogenetics: A Rare Case of Near Tetraploidy in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Get PDFIdentification of specific chromosomal changes has important prognostic and biological implications in childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). ALL cases with 90 chromosomes are rare. Here, we report a case of near-tetraploidy in a 4 year old boy diagnosed with B-cell ALL, where the ploidy was identified by Fluorescent In- Situ Hybridization (FISH) and confirmed by Conventional Cytogenetics. Our aim was to enumerate multiple signals observed by FISH, and to confirm the same by cytogenetics. FISH on cytogenetically fixed air-dried slides was performed by using BCR/ABL and MLL probe .Two hundred cells were scored. BMA was cultured and G-banded metaphases were analyzed in accordance with ISCN 2013. The results of the FISH test showed more than two signals and cytogenetics revealed clones of near-tetraploidy with mn 90, karyotype: 90-92, 4nXXY,-Y,-10,-10,-13, +14, +17, along with normal clones. The tetraploidy condition compared to hyperdiploid ALL has a poorer prognosis and the rarity of these cases makes accounting on treatment decisions a supposition. Presently, the patient is on standard treatment for ALL (UK ALL regime A). The numerical abnormality detected by FISH was confirmed by cytogenetics, which facilitated in reporting the results of this case earlier than the defined turnaround time. Therefore author opines that FISH reports should also contain observed additional information along with positive or negative status of the requested test
Arthritis Predates Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Get PDFPolyarthritis can occur in many Gastrointestinal diseases and 6 to 46 percent of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, but usually along with the active disease or later. Only in one to two percent of people arthritis may predates IBD. As there will be no symptoms of Gut inflammations it is difficult to hook them together. Here we introduce a case who presented with peripheral arthritis and stiff back. Progress of the disease to the point of presenting as IBD detailed. Several types of arthritis that are associated with IBD is discussed. Management of arthritis associated with IBD briefed
HBA1C Levels, Lipid Profile and Thyroid Profile in Patients Admitted with Severe Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFObjective: We studied the association between HbA1c level, Lipid profile and Thyroid profile in patients admitted with hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: Patients admitted with severe hypoglycemia (50mg/dl) are included in this observational study from 4 hospitals from January 2013 till January 2015. HBA1C, Lipid profile and Thyroid profile recorded during admission are the points of interest in this study. Demographic and clinical variables were recorded to evaluate the relative risk (RR) of severe hypoglycemia across HbA1c levels. We also studied comorbidities associated with DM. Results: Among 1200 patients enrolled, mean age was 58.6±11.7 years. 83% of patients were above 50 years of age of which 50% were in 50-59 years age group. Mean Glycated hemoglobin was 8.3±2.09. Patients admitted with hypoglycemia constitute 118(9.83%), 64(5.33%), 200 (16.6%), 624(52%) and 194(16.16%) in HbA1c categories 6, 6–6.9, 7–7.9, 8–8.9, and 9% which is statistically significant (P value0.01). Abnormal lipid profile was found in 96.5 %( 1158) of the study population and abnormal Thyroid profile in 11.6%. Conclusions: Hypoglycemia can occur at any level of glycated Hemoglobin but high risk is found with HBA1c of 6% and 8%. Elderly population should not be subjected for stricter control of blood sugars which can do more harm than good. Patients with mean duration of diabetes more than 10 years are at higher risk of recurrent hypoglycemia
A Review on Characterization of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite
Get PDFFibre reinforced polymer composite are well recognized materials for automobile, aerospace, packaging and construction industries due to its properties such as light weight, low cost and high specific strength. Hybridization of fibres has become very popular technique to increase the properties of single fibre reinforced polymer composite. This paper presents review on mechanical properties, thermal properties, water absorption properties, dynamic mechanical analysis and tribological behaviour of hybrid fibre reinforced polymer composite. Finding of this study shows that hybridization can improved mechanical, thermal and dynamic mechanical property, and decrease water absorption property and wear rate
The Role of β-Elimination for the Clinical Activity of Hypomethylating Agents and Cyclophosphamide Analogues
Get PDFA beta-elimination reaction generally involves the cleavage of a sigma (σ) bond at the position beta (β) to a pair of electrons that departs a molecule via a nucleophilic leaving group, subsequently leading to the formation of a new pi (π) bond. We describe the importance of β-elimination reactions in the mechanisms of action of two classes of chemotherapeutic agents. First, we evaluate the chemical steps resulting in formation of 5-methyl-cytosine and its disassociation from DNA methytransferase (DNMT) by b-elimination reaction. When carbon 5 (C5) of cytosine is substituted with a nitrogen atom (N) in 5-aza-cytosine analogues, the critical β-elimination reaction cannot proceed, which results in the permanent attachment of 5-aza-cytosine to DNMT. The net outcome is entrapment of the DNMT by 5-aza-cytosine analogues and its eventual degradation, leading to DNA hypomethylation. Second, we analyze the critical role of β-elimination reaction in the activation of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. The incapability of undergoing β-elimination results in reduction of the cytotoxic activity of these agents. It appears that the conversion of aldehyde group, in aldophosphamide metabolites of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, to carboxyl group by aldehyde dehydrogenase makes the protons on the carbon atom attached to carboxyl group not acidic enough that can be removed under physiologic conditions via initiation of the critical β-elimination reaction. This ultimately culminates in a selective cytotoxic effect of these agents against lymphocytes, but not against hematopoietic and other stem cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase content
Incidental Finding of Benign Multicystic Peritoneal Mesothelioma: A Case Report
Get PDFIntroduction: Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma represents a rare benign variant of peritoneal mesothelioma, with fewer than 150 cases reported to date. Malignant transformation may occur. We present a patient with an incidental finding of an intra-abdominal mass consistent with benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma.Case presentation: A 51 year-old male presented to the ED with traumatic injuries. During workup, calcified cystic lesions in the pelvis were incidentally noted. Final pathology favored a diagnosis of benign multicystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum. Follow-up imaging obtained three months post-operatively revealed no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease.Conclusion: Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma has been identified as a distinct subtype of peritoneal mesothelioma, with long-term survival achievable through the use of cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC. Although prognosis is relatively favorable, recurrence rates are high, with low potential for malignant transformation. Post-operative surveillance with routine imaging is warranted
Wheat Seedlings Growth and Antioxidant System Activity Changes as Responses to Extremely High Frequency Electromagnetic Irradiation
Get PDFThe investigation of the electromagnetic irradiation (EMI) with extremely high frequences (EHF)- 41.8 GHz, 42.2 GHz, 50.3 GHz and 51.8 GHz and low intensity flux capacity (0.6 mW.cm-2 ) of seeds and growth of germes of wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) has been carried out. The effect o EMI on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system function of wheat shoot cells has been also studied. It has been shown that at irradiation of germinating seeds the increasing of wheat germ mass as well as lipid peroxidation rate (MDA-level) is observed. At the same time EMI-induced oxidative stress was indicated by the markedly change of catalase activity depending on EMI frequency used and exposure duration. Conjectures have been made concerning possible causes of the age-related differences in the response of wheat plants to EMI-induced oxidative stress
Primary Breast Carcinoma Arising from Ectopic Breast Tissue in the Groin of a Male Patient
Get PDFIntroduction: Breast carcinoma originating from ectopic breast tissue (EBT) in men is a rare event. It may occur anywhere in the so-called milk line, with preference to the axilla, followed by the area immediately inferior to the normal breast. Additionally, it is presumed that EBT has an increased rate of malignant progression, when compared with normal breast tissue. In fact, benign and malignant tumors, such as epithelial, stromal or fibro-epithelial neoplasms, may arise from EBT.Presentation of Case: Here we describe a case of a 45-year old male who presented with a erythematous-brownish skin plaque located at his left groin. An incisional biopsy followed by a routine hematoxylin-eosin study revealed invasive neoplastic epithelial proliferation with obvious glandular differentiation extending from deep subcutaneous tissue to the superficial dermis. Lymphatic invasion was easily observed and the mitotic count was low (1 mitotic figure per square mm). Immunohistochemical staining showed neoplastic cells positive for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP15) and mammaglobin, conforming a low-grade ductal infiltrating carcinoma (invasive mammary carcinoma of no special type).Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of a breast carcinoma originating from EBT in a male patient outside the thoracic region. Clinicians must be aware of EBT tumors to any lesion occurring in the milk line
Review on Structure, Properties and Appliance of Essential Conjugated Polymers
Get PDFOne of the important classes of polymers is conductive polymers. These polymers mainly comprise of aromatic and aliphatic backbone. Polyaniline is one of most important type of conjugated polymers due to its excellent conductivity and other essential physical properties. Consequently, main focus of this review is structure, properties and application of technically important conjugated polymer. The conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyacetylene and pol(p-phenylene) have been discussed. Conductive polymer offers significant conductivity values similar to that of metal and semiconductors. Finally, the uses of polymers in different technical fields such as sensors, rechargeable batteries, photovoltaics, and fuel cells have been conversed