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A Study About Originality of Modurations in Works by G.Faure
Get PDFガブリエル・フォーレは19世紀から20世紀にかけて、フランスで活躍した作曲家である。ロマン主義の時代から現代に至る変化の激しい時代において、彼は、古い権威に頼ることなく、新しい流行に惑わされず、自己に忠実に独自の作風を築いた。彼の音楽の特色は、優美な旋律とユニークな和声進行にある。特に彼の和声進行と転調方法が、当時としてはあまりに斬新だったために、師匠であるサンサーンスが「とうとう彼は気が狂ってしまった」と叫んだくらいである。この研究はそうしたフォーレの作品の中から和声進行と転調の特色を発見することを目的としている。この研究で私が彼の音楽の独創性に少しでも近づくことが出来ていれば幸いである。Gabriel Faure was a French composer who was actively engaged in the musical world in France from the 19th century to the 20th century.In the violent period of changes --from the time of romanticism to the present -- Faure established devotedly his own idiom by excluding the old authority and new fashion of that time. The superb feature of his music is in a graceful melody and a unique progress in harmony. Because his harmony progress and modulation method were extremely unconventional at that time, Saint-Saens, who was Faure's master, shouted, "He at last went mad!" In this paper, I attempt to explore the special feature of Faure's harmony progress and modulation out of his works. I certainly hope that this research could prove to be access to the originality of Faure's music even a bit.6KJ00004919552論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
An Essay On Inflation Targeting (3)
Get PDFIn the 1990s the policy of Inflation Targeting was introduced by about 50 countries to curtail hyper inflation, and it has been successful. However, nowadays the most critical problem in Japan is rather to reduce the deflation gap and to get out of the liquidity trap.Therfore it is debating whether Inflation Targeting will be effective enough to overcome deflation or not. Many academic economists and politicians insist that Inflation Targeting, as an antideflation means, will convert deflatioary sentiment to inflationary sentiment to raise the rate of general prices and increase output.However, it is not clear how the transmission mechanism will work to create anticipated inflation and increase output. Moreover, causing anticipated inflation will be possible to push up interest rates, wage rates and surpress output. It is controversial from the theoretical and practical points of view.Instead, we should watch signs that the expanding monetary policy such as increasing monetary base introduced by the Bank of Japan in march 2001 will lead to. In fact we observe that the rate of general prices are beginning to show an upward tendency and business conditions have been brighter since the latter part of last year.2KJ00004616780論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
A Study on the Principle of Broadcasting : What the Japanese have disputed on its Matters?
Get PDFWhat have the Japanese thought and investigated on public service or public welfare in television broadcasting? A new system of broadcasting in Japan was examined under occupation of the Allied Forces. Through the process to enact laws of communication and broadcasting, the policy of the Japanese Government appeared. After telecast began in Japan, the Government as well as the audience often criticized vulgar TV programs. On the other hand TV stations continue to increase, and broadcasting is in the multichannel digital age. The study analyzes some cases concerning television policy and social problems of TV programs.3KJ00002411888論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Students' Communication Behaviour : from some Surveys
Get PDF6KJ00002411891資料Research Material and Datadepartmental bulletin pape
An Introduction to Kidawida : The Language of the Taita in south-east Kenya(I)Nouns, Adjectives and Numerals
Get PDFグリンバーグJ.H.Greenbergは『アフリカの言語』The Language of Africa,1966のなかでアフリカの言語分類に関する体系を示している。そこでは、ケニア南東部のタイタで話されている言語であるタイタ語は、ダヴィダ語、サガラ語、カシガウ語の三つに下位区分されるが、いずれもニジェル・コルドファンNiger-Kordofanian語族のなかのニジェル・コンゴNiger-Congoグループのなかのベヌエ・コンゴBenue-Congoグループの下位分類であるコンゴCongoサブグループに属す。これは、一般にバントゥ系言語とよばれる。タイタ語は、タイタ、カシガウ、サガラの3つの丘陵地帯、および、その山麓のヴォイを中心とするウッドランド・サバンナ帯で使用されている言語である。タイタ世界の言語に関しては、サガラ語に関する研究が1890年代にアルフレッド・レイAlfred Wrayにより行われたが、タイタ社会のなかで最も多くの人々により使用されているダヴィダ語に関するまとまった研究はなかった。筆者は、これまで、タイタ社会に関する社会人類学的研究と並行してダヴィダ語の語彙の収集を行ってきたが、それをもとにレイのサガラ語に関する研究を参照しながらダヴィダ語の文法に関する研究を現地の調査協力者と共に進めてきた。これは、タイタ語の語彙集の作成と一体をなすものである。本稿vol.Iでは、名詞、形容詞、数詞を取り上げ、vol.II以下で代名詞、動詞、副詞などを取り上げる。This paper based on social anthropological research in the Taita Hills that explores the linguistical and cultural diversities among the Taita. The language of the Taita can be divided into three groups: Kidawida, Kisaghala and Kikasighau. The major one of them called Kidawida is spoken mainly in the Taita Hills. It has the common characters of the Bantu languages: noun classes, prefix concordance, etc. In this volume, I'll analyze grammartical features of Kidawida in nouns, adjectives and numerals. Nouns in Kidawida can be classified into eight classes. The structure of nouns and adjectives is similar to the Swahili language, although numerals in Kidawida are different from Swahili. In the following volume, I'll continue to analyze pronouns, verbs, adverbs and others. This is because linguistical analysis is good for understanding their culture.2KJ00004616751論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Modeling Uncertainty : Problems and Remedies of Rationalist Theories of War
No full text人間社会が多大の人的経済的コストを伴う「戦争」を繰り返して来たのは何故か。この問いは国際関係論の主要議題のひとつだが、欧米の国際政治学論壇では近年、合理的選択論やゲーム理論などの枠組みを用いてこれに答えようとする研究が盛んになってきた。しかしその「合理的戦争論」の多くは、依拠するモデルの過度の単純化によって現実への適応力を損なっている。 この論文は、近年の主流とも言える合理的戦争論には次の二つの問題があることを指摘する。(1)不確定性や情報の非対称制という概念を多用するが、これらの要素を適用できる条件を特定していない。(2)国家の能力やインタレストを固定して想定する静学的モデルを採用しているため、長期の動学的な関係を分析できない。(3)国際紛争を二国間の問題として想定しているため、第三国の要素を分析できない。第三国を加えたモデルは、合理的戦争論モデルよりはるかに複雑で予測困難なビヘイビアを見せる。 論文では、合理的戦争論がこれらの問題を克服するためには、オルガンスキーやドランなどの動学的戦争論の仮定を取り入れる必要があるとし、中でもドランの「パワーサイクル理論」が、合理的戦争論と最も高い親近性を持つと論じている。Why have human societies been waging wars, which incur massive human and economic costs? This is one of the main issues in International Relations.Recently, a surge of studies, that consider the problem using rational choice methodology and game theory, has emerged. The rationalist theories of war, however, with their reliance on excessively simplified models, lose relevance with the reality of war. This essay points out that the rationalist school of war, wich is becoming the new mainstream, has three problems: 1) although the school relies on conditions on uncertainty and information asymmetry, it fails in specifying how and when conditions are relevant; 2) Since the school such employs static models in which states' capabilities and interests are fixed, they cannot address long-term dynamic relations; 3) because the school assumes interstate conflicts as dyadic problems, it is unable to analyze a situation of more than two actors. A model with a third actor - "three bodies model" - behaves much more complicatedly and unpredictably. The essay argues that in order that the relationalist school of war to overcome these problems, the school should introduce assumptions of dynamic war theories of Organski, Doran, etc. Among the dynamic theories, Doran's "Power Cycle Theory" has the highest affinity with the rationalist school.4KJ00004616754departmental bulletin pape
