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The Influence of Staying Abroad on Learning Strategies: Do Short-Stay Programs in English Speaking Countries Affect Students' Language Learning Strategy Use?
Get PDF外国語を学習するにあたり、さまざまな学習ストラテジー(方略)を使用することが語学上達に効果的であると言われているが、本研究では2年度に渡る本学のニュージーランド短期語学研修参加者19名を実験群、同研修に参加しなかった本学学生24名を統制群とし、約3週間の英語圏滞在により、参加学生の英語学習ストラテジーの使用度に変化が認められるか、また変化があるとすると、その変化は学生に定着したものなのか、加えて、本学の被験学生はどのようなストラテジーを多く使う傾向にあるのかを言語学習ストラテジー調査(SILL)を用い、統計分析を施して調査した。結果は、研修前には学習ストラテジー使用度において統計的に同質であった両群が、研修後には実験群が統制群に比べ、ストラテジー使用度が有意に高くなっており、3週間の英語圏滞在により学生のストラテジー使用が活発になることがわかった。しかもその変化はある程度定着したものであるという結果が出た。また、本学の被験学生は記憶ストラテジーや情意ストラテジーよりも、補償ストラテジーを有意に多く使う傾向にあることが検証された。Learning strategies are said to be steps taken by learners to enhance their own learning, and better learners are said to use wider range of learning strategies. This study was conducted to see if a three-week stay in an English speaking country affects the range of appropriate language learning strategy use by students. Oxford's "Strategy Inventory for Language learning (SILL)" was used to verify this question, and the collected data was statistically analyzed. As a result, a group of 19 students who participated in the three-week homestay program in New Zealand showed significantly higher use of language learning strategies compared to a group of 24 students who didn't take part in the program, despite the fact that both groups had been statistically same in the aspect of learning strategy use before the program was conducted. This tendency of program participants was confirmed to continue even seven weeks after the completion of the homestay program. At the same time, it was found that the students of both groups had a tendency to use compensation strategies significantly more than memory strategies and affection strategies.1KJ00004909971論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
The Correlation between Language Strategy Use and English Proficiency : In the Case of Participants in 3-week Language Study Program in NZ
No full textこれまでの木村の研究により、3 週間という短い期間であっても英語圏への短期語学研修参加者の英語力、特にリスニング力が優意に向上し、同時に言語学習ストラテジー使用度にも有意な向上があることが検証された。この研究では、研修参加学生の英語力とストラテジー使用度の関係はどのようなものであるかが調べられた。その結果、特に「研修前」の「認知ストラテジー」使用度と英検全体の得点の関係、研修後の「補償ストラテジー」使用度とリーディング得点の関係、そして、研修前後の「記憶ストラテジー」使用度の伸びと英作文力の伸びの関係にかなりの相関関係が認められた。In this study, I tried to verify the correlation between students' language learning strategy use and their English proficiency before and after they experienced a three-week language study program in New Zealand. At the same time, the correlation between the growth of the students' strategy use and the growth of their English proficiency that occurred due to their experiencing the program was examined. The comparatively highcorrelations were observed in the relations between students' use of "cognitive strategies" and their English proficiency as a whole before participating in the program, their use of "compensation strategies" and their reading ability after the program, and in the relation between the differences of their use of "memory strategies" and their writingability that arose due to experiencing the program.3KJ00004916627論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Asset-based Welfare Policy : its objective, significance and prospect
No full text従来型福祉政策は所得再分配型であり、資産の再分配政策には無関心だった。本稿は資産と福祉政策との関係を明らかにし、資産ベースの福祉政策の理念と意義を示し、資産ベースの福祉政策および資産関連の福祉政策(広義の資産ベースの福祉政策)の必要性を明らかにする。本研究は、欧米での資産ベースの福祉政策の研究および実際の政策の調査研究を通して、資産重視の福祉政策の日本導入を提言する。資産ベースの福祉政策は、最低資産保障政策として、子育て支援政策として、年金制度の補完として、資産と所得格差是正政策として、さらには資産ベースの経済政策は資産変動安定化政策の補完として有用であることを示す。In this paper, I show that the ratio of gross national assets to national income (or GDP)tends to increase (see Chart 1 ～ 4) as a trend. The elasticity of gross national assets with regards to GDP is around 1.3 (see main text Chart 2). In highly developed economies, the inequality in the distribution of asset ownership is usually larger than that of income, and shows a tendency to increase as deregulation in asset markets proceeds. However, there is a possibility that the share of workers' or citizens' assets, which has been declining as a trend, may possibly take an upward trend for as long as equations (5) and (6) in the main text hold. These equations suggest one of the reasons why asset-based welfare policies are required. This that they will help to increase the propensity to save on the part of workers or citizens. It is of interest to note that the behaviour of asset distribution is similar to that of the labour' relative share (share of wages) that takes a U-shaped curve in their industrial stage (see Chart 5, Maruo, 1965, 2005).Swedish Professor Assar Lindbeck once deplored the fact that the welfare state was`--- transformed into a "transfer state" with policy-induced redistribution'. He emphasized in particular the importance of `attempts to redistribute the ownership of human capital, financial capital and physical assets in favour of low and low-middle incomegroups' (Lindbeck,1993) .Recently, since asset-based welfare policies were first suggested in the UK, discussionson such policies have been developing. In the new welfare society, asset-based welfare policies will play important roles. In the market economy, especially where assetmarkets are liberalized and globalized, asset-based welfare policies are required to redressthe large information asymmetry in the asset markets. The polices are necessary inorder that economic efficiency can be combined with justice. Asset-based policies are required not only as welfare policies but also as economicpolicies. Japanese experiences in the 1990s suggest that new anti-depression policies are necessary to enable Japan to recover from asset-based depression. In an era in which theinfluence of assets has become so large, neither a neo-classical policy nor a Keynesianpolicy that is concerned mainly with managing economic flows are sufficient. Positiveasset-based economic policies are sometimes required to make market mechanisms workwell. The Swedish case in the 1990s is of special interest when studying policies at times of financial crisis (Maruo, 1996, Maruo, 2002). I have previously suggested asset-basedeconomic policies as a means of coping with financial and asset-based depression(Maruo, 1999 and March 2002).A well-designed welfare mix is required to mitigate the increasing burden of social security and environmental costs. The market system guided by the invisible hand of themarket mechanism aims mainly at improving efficiency, while the planned system basedon political democracy aims mainly at improving security and equality. In addition, thesocial and informal system is important in solving the problems that neither the marketsystem nor the planned system can resolve. The social and informal system pursues humanvalues such as solidarity, sympathy and mutual trust, which are inaccessible to themarket system based on self-interest. The larger the market system, where people behaveon the basis of self-interest, becomes, the more important is the role expected for the informal sector, where people behave on the basis of sympathy and mutual trust. To realizethese plural policy objectives, plural systems (welfare mix) are necessary (Maruo, 1984& 2002). The new welfare society will be different in respect of the above two points. First, in that society, asset distribution policies will play a more important role than in the conventional welfare state. Second, the informal sector and NPOs will play more importantroles than in the conventional welfare state.4KJ00004916628論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
The contents study of one text of "Formation musicale"
Get PDF本稿は、フランスのソルフェージュ教育の新体制、「フォルマシオン・ミュジカル」による1テキストの教育内容について調べた。フランスでは、従来のソルフェージュは一新され、「フォルマシオン・ミュジカル」と名称が改められた。ここでは、全7巻で組まれているテキストの中の第1巻(課程1年目)について、22の課(レッスン)と3つの復習における教育内容の概要、全ての課と復習における各課題の内容、各課と復習の終わりにある実習とテストの主な問題の内容を、整理しまとめた。そして、このテキスト第1巻の教育課題の特徴について最後にまとめた。このテキストの各「課(レッスン)」は、古今の音楽的に適格な音楽作品が選ばれ、音楽作品の理解と表現に向けて、「歌う読譜(歌うことによる読譜)」を中心に、あらゆる角度からの準備練習課題が効果的に配置され、構成されていた。今後、このテキストの第2巻から第7巻の教育内容についても、引き続き整理しまとめる予定である。This report deals with new order of the French solfège education, about instruction contents of one text based on "Formation musicale". In France, the conventional solfège was renovated, and its name was changed to "Formation musicale". From the overall texts of seven volumes, I would like to write a summary on volume 1 (The First Year of the course) , of education contents in 22 sections (lessons) and three reviews, gathering and organizing all lessons and training exercises and tests in the review section. In the end, I wrote about the characteristics of the education problem of volume 1. The musical work of each lesson is chosen appropriately from ancient and modern times for understanding and expression of musical work, mainly on "reading music scores (by singing reading music)", the tune up problem from every angle, preparatory training exercises are arranged in an effective order. I would like to study subsequently the education contents from volume 2 to volume 7 of this text in future.5KJ00004933462研究ノートResearch Notedepartmental bulletin pape
ONE CONSIDERATION OF MOVIE OF AN EPIC : from Director Angelopoulos work
Get PDF映画は19世紀末のルミエール兄弟のシネマトグラフを起源として、110年の時間が経過した。今日の映画界において、歴史と社会と風土と人間を一体として、壮大な映画を制作する監督の一人にテオ・アンゲロプロスがいる。彼のテーマはギリシアの現代社会の動向、民族、移民、国境、家族の絆、人間疎外など幅広い。そしてギリシア人独特な神話、叙事詩、悲劇を映画に取り入れ、現代と過去を融合させる。演出手法は徹底したリアリズムであるが、ユーモアとペーソスを滲ませ秀逸である。彼は映像をあくまでも実写の迫力で描き、その絵画的な美しさは比類がない。映像表現は1シーン=1カット、360度パン、移動ショット、オフシーンの重視により、「現在と過去の同一画面での描写」「現実と幻想の共存」など斬新な表現で映像空間を構成する。そしてギリシア独特の演劇と演舞が哀愁をこめた音楽と共に演じられる。この研究ノートではアンゲロプロス監督の「再現」から「エレニの旅」を分析し、我々の映像制作の参考にしたい。It has been hundred ten years since Lumiere brothers delighted the audiences with their cinematograph in the late nineteenth century. Today in film industry, Theo Angelopoulos regarded as a director, who captures history, society, custom and people into creating a spectacles film.His interests vary from actual events of people, ethnicities, immigrants, boundaries, family ties to alienations of human beings, which are structured into one spectacle film. Also he finds sources for film making from a Greek myth, epic and tragedy and overlaps the past with the present need we feel for human community. Although his directing style is regarded as realism, at the same time his humor and pathos used in his films fascinate audiences. He shoots sources of all the raw material as they are and still his cinematographic style is no mach. His emphasis on techniques that using one shoot in a single take, 360 degree pan and off scene helps construct a scene such as "simultaneous shooting of pastime and presence" and "coexistence of reality and fantasy" in a screen. Moreover, traditional Greek theatrical act and dance combined with sentimental music provide a film nostalgic image. This paper explores the film works of director Angelopulous from "Reconstruction" to "A trip of ELENI" and attempts to search hints for our picture making.2KJ00004920361論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
The Background of Decline and Dissolution of the Japan Socialist Party and the Democratic Socialist Party
No full text55 年体制下で活躍した社会党と民社党は、政界再編と選挙制度改革などの地殻変動を受けて、解党した。その理由と背景を探るとともに、両党の共通点と相違点を比較検討する。The Japan Socialist Party and the Democratic Socialist Party active under the 1955regime were dissolved due to the political realignment and the electoral reform. This paper will investigate the reason and background of the dissolution and examine common points and differences between these parties on a comparative basis.1KJ00004916623論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Queries by Tomas Confesor & the Government Section Report dated 17 Jan 1946 Reconsidered (part I)
No full text2KJ00004916617論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Exhibition in Gallery Art Morimoto "Paper Gallery"
Get PDF人々の生活様式が急激に変化していく今日、その社会において彫刻の果たす役割とは何か。石をノミで刻むという最も原始的な作業をとおして、自分自身の内側の声に耳を傾けてみる。石彫のゆっくりとした作業の進み方は、私がものを考えるスピードとよく合っていてそこには心地良いリズムさえ感じられる。また、人の指先から生み出される他愛無いものの中にこそ、大切なものが潜んでいるような気がしてならない。2006年11月8日から18日まで銀座の「ギャラリーアートもりもと」で開催した個展の記録をまとめることで、私自身の彫刻をもう一度整理し新たなる展開と可能性を探っていきたい。As people's lives rapidly change in today's world, what purpose do sculptures serve in society? One can let their voice be heard through the primitive act of stone carving. I feel that the slow process of stone carving creates a nice rhythm with the speed at which I think about the things around me. Also, I can not help but think that their lies something of great importance within the foolish things born from our fingertips. Using the experience I gained from my exhibit on display at Ginza's Gallery Art Morimoto from November 8th to the 18th in 2006, I want to arrange my works once again to develop and evolve them even further.3KJ00004920362論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Traffic characteristics of a branching Poisson input finite-capacity Queue
Get PDFIn a telecommunication network system, a branching Poisson input finite-capacity BPP/GI/1/m queue is often appeared. We have evaluated the queue overflow rate and the waiting overtime rate of these schemes. We started with BPP/M/1/m queue with the distribution of number of children following their parents. We have also evaluated the queue overflow rate and the waiting overtime rate of priority queuing system which consists of BPP/M/1/m queue with the distribution of number of children and Poisson input queue.1KJ00004920321論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
