Shobi University Academic Repository / 尚美学園大学学術情報リポジトリ
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Classification in Legislative Systems and the Role of the National Diet : Reconsideration of the Functions of the House of Councilors
No full text国会も一定の役割を果たしているとする過程仮説は、今日の立法過程研究のひとつの基礎を築くこととなった。そこでは、可処分時間を減少させている国会の制度・慣行が、野党の国会戦術として利用されており、結果としてわが国の国会が一定の変換機能を獲得してきたことが明らかにされた。本稿の主眼は、過程仮説において言及された国会機能論の制度・慣行上の論拠が妥当であるかを検討することにある。可処分時間を減少させてきたという点で、会期制や委員会中心主義の果たしてきた役割は大きい。しかし、参議院の存在は、それらと同列に論じることはできない。過程仮説においては、参議院は衆議院のカーボンコピーとみなされ、そのことが可処分時間の減少をもたらすと説明される。しかし参議院は制度・慣行上、事実上の「拒否権」に近い強い権限を有しており、過程仮説が指摘するような衆議院の単なるカーボンコピーではなく、ヴィスコシティを直接強めるようなアクターとして機能している。以上の観点から、本稿は過程仮説を再検証しながら、国会の問題やその課題について分析を試みたものである。This paper focuses mainly on the functions of the National Diet including the House of Councilors. The Diet was considered to be `a rubber stamp', particularly while the predominant party system retained. That is because the opposition parties didn't play a positive part in the transforming of their intentions into policies and laws. They devoted their energies to only controlling the `disposable' time, and this made the deliberations insignificant. It was often pointed out that the strategy they depended upon arose from their own problems such as the less ability to make policies , the fractionalization and their seats.Those factors which made the deliberations in the Diet so negative, however, were not only the problems of the opposition parties. It is necessary to consider the legislative system as a whole, especially in the House of Councilors. The House of Councilors has been regarded as a copy of the House of Representatives and one of the most important factors which wasted the `disposable' time. But the valuation on it is not necessarily correct. The functions of the House of Councilors need reconsidering with a view to activating the deliberations in the Diet.2KJ00007084839論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
The possibility of the Japanese musical instrument guidance in music lessons at secondary schools : approaches to the way to build the classes
Get PDF平成20 年3 月に小・中学校等の、そして平成21 年3 月に高等学校等の新学習指導要領が告示された。移行期間中である現在、完全実施に向けて、それぞれの校種では様々な取組が行われている。中学校音楽科の改訂の要点をみると、「歌唱共通教材の提示」「我が国の伝統的な歌唱の充実」「和楽器を取り扱う趣旨の明確化」等が示されており、我が国の音楽文化や他国の音楽文化を尊重する態度の育成の観点からか日本の伝統音楽に関する記述内容の広がりや深まりといったものを強く感じる。本稿では、第7 次学習指導要領(平成10 年告示)から第8 次学習指導要領(平成20 年告示)までの「十年」、そして移行期に入っている「現在」、「これから」ということに焦点をあて、器楽授業における和楽器指導実践の成果と課題等を振り返るとともに、中等科音楽における今後の和楽器指導の方向性等を論ずるものである。The new Course of Study for elementary schools and junior high schools was notified on March in2008 and that for high schools was also notified one year later. Under the shift period for the completeexecution, various approaches have been done at each school.The new Course of Study of Music Lessons at secondary schools focuses on, "presentation of thecommon teaching materials for singing", "enough lessons on Japanese traditional singing", "clarificationof teaching students how to use Japanese instruments" and so on. As we can see, the revised editionhas more about the Japanese traditional music and emphasizes it that might be because students arerequired to respect both Japanese music and that of other countries.Focusing on "the ten years in the past" - from the 7th Course of Study(notified in 1998) to the 8thCourse of Study (notified in 2008), "the present" - in the shift period, and "the future", this essaystates the future directions to the Japanese musical instruments guidance in music lessons at secondaryschools, reviewing the accomplishment and the issues of the practice of the guidance.6KJ00007044159論文Articlesdepartmental bulletin pape
Queries by Tomas Confesor & the Government Section Report dated 17 Jan 1946 Reconsidered (Part II fin.)
No full text前篇に引き続き、極東委員会の訪日調査団と総司令部民政局(GS)との会合に関する2通りの記録を読み比べることにより、1946 年1 月17 日の訪日調査団とGSとの会合で、憲法改正問題について実際にはどのような議論がなされたのかという点を検討した。その結果、「憲法改革」に関するGS報告書に記された回答は、この報告書の公表時点でのGSの公式見解であり、ホイットニー局長の採用した見解に他ならないことが明らかになった。そのホイットニーがそれから幾日もたたぬうちにそのGS報告書で示した見解の見直しに着手したのは、昭和天皇の留位を望んだマッカーサーが、その留位があっても米国政府等がそれを容認し得るような抜本的な憲法改正を受け入れるように日本政府に秘密裏に働きかけるという方針を打ち出したからだというのが本稿の提示する仮説である。Continued from Part I, this paper compares 2 different records of the conference held onJanuary 17, 1946, between the Far Eastern Advisary Commission then on a visit to Japanand the Government Section [GS] staffs of GHQ/SCAP, and tries to discern what was actually discussed in this conference about questions concerning constitutional reform of Japan. The findings is that the discussions on constitutional reform described in the GS report should be regarded as the official opinion of GS approved by Courtney Whitney, chief of GS, at the moment of completing the report. But within several days Whitney started to review the conclusion of this report. Why did he so? This paper suggests that with a strong desire to let Emperor Hirohito retain the throne, General MacArthur made up his mind to lead the Japanese government in secrecy to accept such a radical revision of the Constitution as the U.S. government and others might permit the Emperor to keep his position, and ordered Whitney to work out a successful plan of operation.5KJ00007085819論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
End of "mass." The evolution of communication practices
Get PDFマスメディアの経営が、極めて苦しい。不況による打撃だけではない。「マス」広告によるコミュニケーションが、以前のようには効かなくなったことが大きい。論考ではまず、その背景となっている、意識と行動を激変させた「賢い生活者」のあり方に注目し、「クチコミ」というコミュニケーションが表舞台に登場してくる必然性について論じる。続いて、新たな状況に適合すべく、広告ビジネスの先端的クリエイターたちが始めた「コミュニケーション・デザイン」という最新の取り組みが、どんな有効性を持つか検証する。賢い生活者との、最高レベルのコミュニケーションを実現するために、例えば全国の郵便局までをも「メディア」に変えてしまうなど、自由かつキメ細やかにデザインされたコミュニケーションの創出が、どのような新たな時代を拓いてゆくのかについて展望する。The entirety of the "mass" media business field is facing extremely unfavorable and unstable conditions.These turbulent times can be attributed not only to the series of global recessions from which allbusiness are suffering; but largely to the ineffectiveness and outdated "mass" communication advertisingmethods.A more detailed study and background of the current situations will be pointed out here. Starting with focuson the review of the "wise consumers" which changed public consciousness and behaviors, the inevitabilityof communication with "word of mouth" which moves to the mainstream also be discussed.Subsequently, the discussion will validate the evidence of effectiveness of the newest approach -"Communication Design" - which is being put into practice by the leading creators in advertisementworld.To establish the highest level of communication with the wise consumers, the concepts of this newera will be put in perspective. It will be lead by freely and at the same time carefully designed newcommunication concepts, such as one which might change all the post offices across the country into anew form of "media."1KJ00007042079論文Articlesdepartmental bulletin pape
Informatics approach towards auditory arts and development examples of musical informatics tools
Get PDFヒト聴覚には蝸牛という螺旋形をした音階理論的に周波数分析を行っている器官がある。ヒトの会話をはじめ、同じ聴覚器官を用いて音階理論的な認識を行っている以上、任意の音を五線譜で表現することは不可能ではない。そこで筆者らは、ヒトの音声を含む、あらゆる音を五線譜に載せることを可能にする、一般音響信号のMIDI 符号化ツールの開発に着手した。We human beings have auditory organs called as a cochlear, which make frequency analysis on themusical scale. As we recognize any kinds of acoustic signals including human speech sounds with thesame auditory organs, it seems not impossible to transcript them in a staff notation. Therefore, we havebegun developing a MIDI encoding tool for general acoustic signals, which can transcript any kinds ofgiven acoustic signals including human speech sounds in a staff notation.After that, we have tried to develop a lossless compression technique for audio signals; an automaticendless background music composition technique by synthesizing selected rhythm, chord and melodyphrase parts; an audio fingerprint technique for identifying music works; and an inaudible sign informationembedding technique for music works.In this paper, we will review these development examples of music informatics techniques done byus for past 15 years, and discuss future research topics.2KJ00007043799論文Articlesdepartmental bulletin pape
Documentary History of Movements by the National Confederation of Public Financial Officer's Unions of Japan in the Early Occupation Period (I) : Based Chiefly on SHINAGAWA Kazuto Papers.
No full text7KJ00007085899論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Knowledge optimization and construction of new knowledge creation supporting
Get PDFIn this study, I constructed the tool that supported the process of tying to the arrangement newknowledge creation those knowledge was constructed after tacit knowledge was exhausted by applyingthe knowledge management, and applying 3C and a marketing mix and various enumeration methods,and I verified it by the quantity verification, the user study, and the evaluation through the comparisonwith the similar tool. In the past, though some theories are advocated to the user study for the knowledgecreation. But the method of concretely applying the theory to the business was not presented. Inthis study, therefore, this tool was proven by an administrative project. As a result, it was proven to bemore effective than an existing tool and the concept about the support of the new knowledge creation.1KJ00007043819論文Articlesdepartmental bulletin pape
An Analysis of Governmental Systems and Policy-making Process in Japan
No full textわが国における政策過程の議論はやや錯綜している感がある。民主主義を機能不全に陥らせないためには、行政や議会本来の役割を明らかにした上で、その復権を図ることが求められる。その前提として、まずわが国における政治・行政システムの実態を明らかにしなければならない。これまで多くの論者によって、政策過程の分析が試みられてきたが、その実態の中にはまだ明らかにされていない部分も少なくなく、評価も定まっているわけではない。本稿では、統治システムにおける政策過程に焦点を当て、その特質に言及しながら、日本における政治・行政システムの問題点、及び改革の方向性を明らかにしていく。This paper focuses mainly on the functions of the governmental systems in Japan. The administrative systems and the Diet have been considered not to be functional. It is necessary to consider the administrative and legislative systems as a whole. The functions of governmental systems need reconsidering with a view to activating the democracy in Japan.6KJ00007085839論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Shobi Students' Needs in English and their Perspective toward World English
Get PDFカリキュラムやシラバスデザインに参考にする為、学生の英語に対する考え方やニーズそのものについて、担当する全7クラスで2009年度4月にアンケート調査を実施した。同時に英語教育界で叫ばれているワールドイングリッシュ、すなわち国際語としての英語についても学生の意見を尋ねた。その結果見えてきたのは、学生の将来の英語のニーズについての曖昧さである。日本社会の国際化が叫ばれて久しいが、学生達はその実態を実感出来ないまま、将来の就業についても英語使用の場面のイメージが掴めないままでいるらしいことが分かり、学生の英語力の自己評価が低いことも併せて、何らかの対策を講じる必要性が示唆された結果になった。また同時に国際語としての英語、すなわり「ワールドイングリッシュ」に対する日本人学生の2面性が明らかになった。つまり他人が日本語訛りのままの英語を話すのは許容するが、自分自身がそのような英語を使うのは望まないと言う2重構造である。言い換えると、教育界のトレンドたる「ワールドイングリッシュ」が学生に全く伝わっていなかったこと、そして国際的に使われている英語の現状も学生には全く浸透していなかったことが窺える結果となった。The researcher conducted a survey in his seven classes of English at Shobi University in April, 2009. The purpose of the survey was mainly for revising his curriculum and syllabus for future English courses. At the same time, he also asked his students of their opinions toward English as an International Language, or "World Englishl," which was a world-wide trend in ESL society at that time.The results show the students' unclear image toward English in the future. In spite of Japanese globalization in recent years, the students seem not to understand the need of English in job hunting or in their future workplaces. Along with their low self-evaluation on their English language ability, this research suggests we instructors take a more concrete approach to improve this wide-spread phenomenon.This research also reveals the double standard of students have toward "World English, " English as an International Language. That is to say, the students accept the notion that other people can communicate in Japanese-accented English, but, they refuse it for themselves. In other words, the results state that students do not accept the concept, "World English, " nor they understand the fact that English is used as English as an International Language world-wide.5KJ00007085079論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Value the specialty of which is music in the university : solfeggio and harmony education
Get PDFソルフェージュとハーモニーの能力は、音楽を専門とするには不可欠であり、音楽大学の専門科目では根幹となる授業である。従って、ソルフェージュ教育とハーモニー教育の現状と問題点は、音楽大学の現状と問題点をそのまま映し出している。今回の研究ノートは、芸術情報研究第16号に鳴海史生教授が書かれた、"「固定ド・移動ド」をめぐって"への私の回答であり、現在すすめている新規ハーモニーテキスト内容の一部である。また、工学系大学の音楽への取り組みを紹介して、音楽大学の現在置かれている社会的立場を考察する。The ability of solmization and harmony is indispensable and principal which all students in musicmajor will acquire in their specialized courses, at universities.Therefore existing and current issues in teaching solmization and harmony are reflecting the role ofthe musical university in our society.In this research, I'll define and expand the theory of「Fixed/Movable doh」written by professor FumioNarumi in his research. I'll quote some content from my new text book, teaching harmony.I'll also introduce several curricula taught to students majored in engeneering at universities, andconsider the role of the musical university in our society.5KJ00007044099論文Articlesdepartmental bulletin pape