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Biol 114: The Effect of Microplastics On Arabidopsis thaliana Growth and Development
No full textPrevious biological studies have shown that microplastics and nanoplastics affect terrestrial ecosystems by disrupting plant growth and soil biomes. Microplastics in soil can damage the growth of plants by causing the cell membranes to break down and open pores. Glitter, which is considered to be a microplastic due to its small size of less than 5 millimeters, was added to the soil of Arabidopsis thaliana seed – a common weed that grows rapidly. Each control group and experimental group contained wild type plants as well as mutant plants. After measuring the rosette diameter three times over the course of five weeks of growth, the collected data was used for examination and analysis to determine how microplastics correlated not only to the growth of wild type plants, but also mutant plants. Throughout the experiment, there was little significance found between all groups. The data collected shows that the wild type and mutant experimental groups experienced more growth initially, suggesting that the plants adapted and possibly used the microplastics as a stimulus to grow
BIOL 114: The Effect of Soli Nutrition on Arabidopsis thaliana growth and development
No full textArabidopsis thaliana has been found thriving in the cracks of concrete and asphalt roads and sidewalks, demonstrating this species ability to survive under conditions of high compactions and reduced nutrient availability. It has previously been researched that Arabidopsis thaliana have genes that could play a part in their ability to survive nutrient deficient conditions. The aim was to determine the effects of soil type on plant growth and determine whether the mutant gene 66010 plays a role in this stress response. To test this hypothesis, thirty-two pots were separated into four different groups of eight pots. Sixteen of these pots were filled with Miracle-Gro potting soil, and the other sixteen pots were filled with an aggregate soil mimic. Four seeds were planted into each pot, totalling to eight pots each of the mutant in the potting soil, wild type in the potting soil, mutant in the aggregate soil, and wild type in the aggregate soil. For six weeks, the number of leaves and the rosette diameter of each plant was measured. The mutant and wild type plants growing in the potting soil had grown larger and fuller, but had not bolted much, the wild type growing in the aggregate were small and the leaves were dark in color, and had not bolted, but the mutant growing in the aggregate, while small and dark, had bolted. This shows that when exposed to these stress-inducing conditions, the mutant gene 66010 helps the Arabidopsis thaliana survive and grow larger compared to the wild type, and the mutant gene 660010 allows for the Arabidopsis thaliana to bolt more successfully in comparison to the wild type when growing in stressful conditions
A Critically Appraised Topic Regarding Evaluation of Long-Term Consequences of a Career-Ending Injury
No full textAbstract:
Clinical Scenario - Athletes who were terminated from their career are three times more likely to report developing mental health issues than those whose career was terminated for other reasons. Since participation in sports is a large part of an athlete\u27s identity, a sudden departure from sport can have many psychological and physiological consequences.
Clinical Question: What do athletic trainers evaluate for long-term consequences in athletes with a career-ending injury?
Summary of Key Finding(s) - The majority of articles reported that athletes who are subjected to involuntary career termination faced increased psychological distress such as anxiety, depression, and identity loss. Social support, planning, and early intervention, improve mental health outcomes.
Clinical Bottom Line - Athletic trainers should incorporate involuntary career termination protocols, and emotional support programs into their evaluation and treatment of a career-ending injury. Athletic trainers should be prepared to refer patients for mental health services and have planned communication in the future.
Strength of Recommendation - A
Keywords - Involuntary termination, athletes, orthopedic, mental healt
Effects of free electron transference (Earthing) on the cardinal signs of inflammation in intercollegiate athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic
Get PDFClinical scenario - When homeostasis is disrupted, it leads to various health conditions and diseases, and these disruptions can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) or better known as free radicals.1 Every cell produces billions of free radicals, and Earthing permits huge amounts of free negatively charged electrons to enter the body that could neutralize these free radicals.7 In theory, diminishing the effects of free radical production in correlation to chronic inflammation and the signs associated with the inflammation. Athletic trainers (ATs) are trained to mitigate the stages of inflammation that occur upon injury with various modalities that may be expensive, time-consuming, or ineffective. Earthing may provide an alternative to these issues as well as provide a natural way to curb inflammation.
Summary of key finding(s) - Six articles were chosen based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. These articles have concluded that the process of connecting the human body to the Earth’s surface and allowing the flow of free electrons does mitigate the cascade of inflammation. Thermal imaging and electronic circuitry show the effect of electrons flowing into the human body, and associated cardinal signs of inflammation decreasing in the affected areas.
Clinical question - What are the effects of free electron transference, or Earthing, on the cardinal signs of inflammation in intercollegiate athletes aged 18-26, who suffer from chronic inflammation.
Clinical bottom line - ATs should try to integrate an Earthing approach into rehabilitation for athletes suffering from chronic inflammation, and help reduce the cardinal signs of inflammation response at a faster, more efficient, and holistic rate.
Strength of recommendation - B
Key words Grounding, bioelectric, free radical
Testosterone Replacement Therapy in the Middle-Aged Male
Get PDFThe purpose of this review was to investigate the use of testosterone supplementation in the middle-aged male with a focus on the pathophysiology of testosterone throughout the lifespan, current supplementation options and their adverse effects, and the overall benefit of supplementing to enhance quality of life. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted identifying studies that assessed clinical outcomes, pathophysiology, supplementation options, adverse effects and benefits of treatments. The findings suggested that testosterone levels naturally decline with age with most men developing symptoms of hypogonadism around age 60. Testosterone supplementation outside of current guidelines is not recommended, however men with declining testosterone levels have reported increased fatigue, irritability, and decreased libido at younger ages. There is controversy regarding the potential of testosterone supplementation to promote negative effects on the cardiovascular system. Some studies suggested by maintaining natural testosterone levels, men can retain adequate muscle mass and exercise tolerance which can decrease the chances of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes, therefore prolonging a healthy life. Currently, there are few studies discussing the use of supplementation in men under the age of 60 years or those without hypogonadism, which highlights the need to study the potential benefit of supplementing middle-aged men with progressively declining testosterone levels. This review explains the pathophysiology of natural testosterone decline in men and the potential for supplementation to assist with overall quality of life
