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Redlining, Tree Cover, and Temperature Variation
Get PDFRedlining is an environmental justice issue where, in the past, neighborhoods were graded based on a number of factors, one of which being race and class of its residence. These neighborhoods were given a grade, ranging from A as the highest grade, then B, C, and finally a D as the worst grade. Findings suggest that lower graded neighborhoods, occupied by people of color and poorer citizens, have higher internal temperatures and lower tree coverage, which can greatly affect health of residents. Certain regions of the United States have lower temperature differences between high graded neighborhoods and low graded ones .This project sought to analyze whether the variation in temperature is due to differences in tree coverage. High tree canopy coverage was analyzed in 2 cities (one low temperature difference and one high temperature difference) within 4 regions of the US (Midwest, South, Northeast and West). The tree coverage was tabulated to then calculate the mean of high tree coverage in each grader (A, B, C, and D) In all regions, for the lower temperature difference cities, there was more area covered by high amounts of tree canopy in the low graded neighborhoods than the high graded neighborhoods
Asymmetric Synthesis of DEHP
Get PDFDi(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a chiral molecule used as a plasticizer in many commercial products, and its metabolites have been linked to endocrine disruption and other adverse health effects in mice. Differences in the toxicity of the enantiomeric forms are not well studied. In order to synthesize (R,R)-DEHP, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol was reacted with vinyl acetate and Amano Lipase PS in dichloromethane at 0˚C for 48 hours to yield (R)-2-ethyl-1-hexanol (1) (60% yield, 75:25 e.r.) and 2-ethyl-1-hexyl acetate (2) (83% yield). (1) was refluxed with phthalic anhydride and pyridine at 120˚C for 3 hours yielding crude (R)-MEHP (3). After purification via column chromatography, the percent yield of pure (R)-MEHP, confirmed by 1H NMR, was 54% (75:25 e.r.). (3) was reacted with (R)-2-ethyl-1-hexanol (73:27 e.r.), N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine in dichloromethane at room temperature for 20 hours. The resulting (R,R)-DEHP (4) was purified via column chromatography (39% yield, approx. 75:25 e.r.) and confirmed by 1H NMR. (2) was hydrolyzed by potassium hydroxide in ethanol for 30 minutes at room temperature. (S)-2-ethyl-1-hexanol (5) was recovered (105% yield, 83:17 e.r.) and refluxed following the procedure previously described to produce (S)-MEHP (6), confirmed by 1H NMR in 15% yield after purification. Future work will optimize the enzymatic resolution of (1) and explore the reduction of 2-ethyl-2-hexenal by baker’s yeast as a more efficient method for synthesizing (2). Subsequently, the two other enantiomers of DEHP will be synthesized
Relationship Between Economic Development and Environmental Degradation.
No full textThe Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is an economic model that describes the relationship between economic development and environmental degradation. This study aimed to determine if the pattern theorized by the EKC is visible in data from 32 countries from 1990 to 2015. The EKC states that as economic development increases within a country, there will be an increase in environmental degradation, but eventually a turning point will be reached, after which point environmental degradation will decrease as economic development continues to increase. This study used carbon dioxide emissions per capita as the measure of environmental degradation (dependent variable) and GDP per capita and the Human Development Index (HDI) as the measures of economic development (explanatory variables). The statistical analysis consisted of two fixed effects regressions; in the first carbon dioxide emissions per capita were regressed on GDP per capita, and in the second carbon dioxide emissions per capita were regressed on HDI. The result of both regression were significant and supported the EKC hypothesis; however, both regressions produced low R-squared values, which indicates that much of the variation in carbon dioxide emissions per capita was unaccounted for. In the future, a larger sample size and more explanatory variables should be included to provide a cleared picture of the relationship between environmental degradation and economic development
LEGO Company and Segregated Products
No full textThis digital project focuses on the relationship between the LEGO Company and gender roles in American society. As this project utilizes a vast array of media and the physical representations of gender in LEGO products, it lives on a website instead of a paper: kimberlyeastridge.com. Through analyzing a series of LEGO products that have been created specifically for girls and for boys, the conclusions of this paper focus on the hypocrisy of the LEGO Company and their stated values and the harmful perpetration of gender stereotypes in children’s toys. Despite the online and scholarly backlash to the LEGO Friends series released in 2012 and the LEGO Company’s promises to remain gender neutral, the LEGO Company continues to use harmful gender stereotypes in the type of play expected, physical characteristics of the toy sets, and narrative focuses of each LEGO set. These stereotypes that the LEGO products embody hurt children’s understanding of gender and their relationship in society
The Relationship Between Social Media Self-Presentation, Self-Efficacy, Academic Anxiety, Motivation to Learn, and Camera Usage in Synchronous Virtual College Classes
Get PDFA Research Methods Project supervised by Dr. Hilary Stebbins (Spring 2021)
How Divorce Conflict Relates to an Adult\u27s Capacity to Build and Maintain Friendships
Get PDFA Research Methods Project supervised by Dr. Hilary Stebbins (Spring 2021)
A Quantitative Study of the Association Between Self-Efficacy and Public Speaking Anxiety in Students
Get PDFA Research Methods Project supervised by Dr. Laura Wilson (Spring 2021)
Mental Well-Being of Varsity Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFA Research Methods Project supervised by Dr. Hilary Stebbins (Spring 2021)
Social Media Social Comparison and Identity Development in College Students
No full textA Research Seminar Project supervised by Dr. Virginia Mackintosh (Spring 2021)
Social Buffering as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Anxiety and Attention
Get PDFA Research Methods Project supervised by Dr. Laura Wilson (Spring 2021)