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Ch. 34: Regional Trade and Investment in South Asia
No full textThe chapter appears in the book, Routledge Handbook of the International Relations of South Asia. Edited by Sumit Ganguly and Frank O\u27Donnell.
Chapter abstract: Countries in South Asia have made substantial progress in liberalizing trade and investment. While most adopted inward-looking policies from the 1950s through the early 1970s, the countries in the region began to pivot to liberal trade and economic policies from the late 1970s. The change was prompted by low growth rates, low levels of development, and subsequent economic crises in each country. The content of the new policies was consistent with neoliberal policies that international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank prescribed to countries facing economic crises. The resultant liberalization raised trade volumes, per capita incomes, and economic growth rate in all countries in the region. However, regional integration levels remain low, and poverty remains a challenge for the region. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the fragility of economic growth into sharp focus and has indicated the need for further reforms and for enhanced efforts toward regional economic integration.https://scholar.umw.edu/ps_ia_books/1012/thumbnail.jp
Framing Contexts and Immersion: The Functionality of TRPG Frames in Dimension 20’s Fantasy High Series
Get PDFThis paper uses a form of rhetorical criticism known as frame analysis to analyze the perspective frames within the context of tabletop role-playing games (TRPGs). The three frames of interest in this study include the person frame, the player frame, and the character frame. These frames are used to contextualize certain person, player, and character interactions and immersion contexts within the first season of Dimension 20’s actual play podcast, Fantasy High. Through these three frames, we can see the breakdown of the person, player, and character mindset, as well as the overlap of thought, emotions, and ideas between frames. It is found that these frames help situate certain actions and narratives in TRPGs, but the unstable nature of those frames means that players constantly shift between those frames while interacting with others in a TRPG setting
Behavior Management: Systems, Classrooms, and Individuals
No full textChildren and teens are simultaneously complex and predictable. Behavior theory and research can provide ways of predicting behaviors and designing classroom structures that benefit all students. Behavior Management: Systems, Classrooms, and Individuals is a highly readable, student-friendly textbook that meets the needs of both undergraduate and graduate teaching programs. By covering theory, systems, classrooms, and individuals, the authors have created a pragmatic resource that can be used by a range of individuals seeking reliable, evidence-based techniques integrating behavior management into effective classrooms, including both upcoming and established educators.https://scholar.umw.edu/education_books/1004/thumbnail.jp
Food Access, Identity, and Taste in Two Rural Cuban Communities
No full textWhile many scholars have examined the idea of consumption preferences, also known as taste, in capitalist contexts, they have not explored how taste manifests in socialist or communist societies. In this case study, we query the ways in which two Cuban communities express taste through food choices and consumption patterns. We find that identity influences preferences less than the prevailing discourse around Cuban cuisine suggests. In addition, patterns among subjects’ responses speak to the ways in which local custom and larger structural forces intersect in respondents\u27 lives. Instead of simply reflecting the notion of class differentiation through consumption, our subjects reveal the significance of gender roles and individual relationships to food production in their discussions of preferences. Thus, this study demonstrates that, while food preferences appear in this resource-constrained context, taste and actuality do not always align
Assessing the Correlation Between the Electron-Nucleus Binding and Electron-Electron Repulsion
Get PDFMulti-electron systems add a level of complexity to the Schrödinger equation by introducing an electron-electron repulsion term into the potential energy. The electron-electron repulsion term is difficult to assess utilizing the Schrödinger equation due to extensive computation required. In this study, the binding energy between the 1s electron(s) and the nucleus of the atoms in the first two rows of the periodic table were determined using an ab initio computational method, 6-31G*, that incorporated the electron-electron repulsion instead of assuming that electrons act independently of one another. As the number of electrons increased, pushing the 1s electrons closer to the nucleus, the number of protons also increased, therefore forming a stronger attractive force between the nucleus and the 1s electrons. This finding was supported via the increasingly negative binding energy in correlation to the increase in protons. It was further found that the effective nuclear charge, which incorporates repulsive and attractive forces experienced within the system, linearly increased with the number of protons which agrees with the binding energies of the atoms
Future in Phage Therapy Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Get PDFThe genus Bacillus is a medically important genus because several species cause disease like cereus and anthracis, that involves several species within it. We chose B. thuringiensis, a non pathogenic species of Bacillus, as our host as it is very abundant in the environment and therefore it is easy to isolate phages. The University of Mary Washington Class of 2021-2022 isolated a total of eight phages. The phages were photographed using a Transmission Electron Microscope to determine their morphotype. They were further characterized by host range analysis showed that KoopaTroopa grew on other Bacillus species such as B. cereus. B. cereus is a foodborne pathogen that can cause gastrointestinal illness in humans. Since the goal of phage research is to develop phage therapy against pathogenic bacteria, we analyzed the genome of KoopaTroopa further. Through genome annotation we hope to find lytic and toxin producing genes that help Koopa Troopa destroy the pathogenic Bacillus species
The Effects of Voluntary Physical Exercise on Hedonic Drive and Hypothalamic Orexin in CD-1 Mice
Get PDFOrexin, also referred to as hypocretin, is a peptide produced in the hypothalamus that regulates many physiological and behavioral processes, including sleep, wakefulness, metabolism, thermoregulation, and reward (Chieffi et al., 2017). The multiple mechanisms of orexin stem from the neural circuit or nucleus where it is synthesized or released. Orexin produced in the perifornical and dorsomedial hypothalamus projects to the amygdala, and is most heavily associated with arousal and wakefulness, whereas orexin produced in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) projects to the mesolimbic pathway and is associated with hedonic behavior, as it influences the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and the Nucleus Accumbens (Harris and Aston-Jones, 2006). Orexin influences affective disorders, including anxiety, sleep disorders, and drug addiction. In the last couple of decades, researchers have also identified a critical link between orexin and drug-seeking behavior. While a link between addictive behavior and orexin has been established (James et al., 2017), the role of orexin in modulating more naturalistic behaviors, such as physical exercise, has not yet been explored. Twenty three pair-housed outbred male mice were split into either the control or experimental group who had access to a running wheel under standard environmental conditions for a period of seven weeks. A sucrose preference test of hedonic drive was performed, as well as the conditioned place preference test of hedonic drive using female urine-soaked bedding as a rewarding non-caloric stimulus. Following behavioral testing, mice were sacrificed and the lateral hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens were isolated for RNA extraction in preparation for Taqman qPCR; blood plasma samples were also analyzed in a corticosterone ELISA assay. While there were no significant differences among control and experimental groups in behavioral testing, the physiological data we procure in the last week of classes could dictate whether voluntary physical exercise modulates hypothalamic orexin concentrations in CD1 mice
Supporting Emerging Sports in the United States at a Collegiate Level
No full textI will demonstrate a system in which NCAA Universities in the United States can better support and grow emerging sports. I will take a close look at the rapidly growing sport of Rugby in the United States, and use the Men’s Rugby team at the University of Mary Washington for my primary example as a team of an emerging sport. Emerging sports teams, like Men’s Rugby at the University of Mary Washington, lack administrative and management structure. Using the existing Athletic Department to distribute management administrative responsibility and mentor students who emerge as leaders would provide sufficient system to allow the team to operate efficiently and give the student athletes enough support to succeed. Universities, like Mary Washington, do not have a set staff to manage an additional team like Men’s and Women’s Rugby
PROMETHEUS & THE BODY BEAUTIFUL: Arno Breker and the Weaponization of the Greco-Roman Tradition in the Größe Deutsche Kunstausstellung
Get PDFDuring the Third Reich (1933-1945), Hitler and the Nazis turned to the visual arts as a tool for propaganda to promote Hitler’s conception of the ideal people, i.e. the ‘Aryan’ race. Rooted in a calculate understanding of Greco-Roman civilization and culture, this conception of the ideal appropriated the visual vocabulary of the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Within the 1937 inaugural exhibition of the Große Deutsche Kunstausstellung, a propagandistic effort designed to promote this ideal, Arno Breker, chief sculptor of the Nazi Party, would exhibit his Prometheus. Breker’s interpretation of this mythological figure stood as a representation of ‘Aryan’ strength and power, and would thus be key in articulating and reinforcing the attitudes related to the body within the Third Reich. In order to create the ideal people, Hitler enacted policies and programs that would result in the systematic elimination of groups deemed ‘undesirable,’ such as people with disabilities. By adopting the aesthetics of the Greco-Roman tradition, Arno Breker’s weaponizes this visual vocabulary through Prometheus that clearly asserts the cultural attitudes of the human body designed to perpetuate this eugenic ideal
Math Musicians: Exploring the Impact of Content Integrated Pop Music on Students’ Attitudes and Engagement During Math Instruction
Get PDFTraditional methods of math instruction have been consistently linked to students having negative feelings about math, as well as decreased motivation and engagement during math instruction. This study investigated how arts integration, specifically integrating pop music, impacted students’ attitudes about math and students’ motivation and engagement during math instruction in a fifth-grade classroom. This study was mixed methods, with quantitative data collected through an adapted version of a student dispositions survey to assess students’ attitudes, motivation, and engagement, and qualitative data collected through a short response question about how students feel music impacted their math experiences. Results indicated that the integration of pop music had a significant impact on students’ attitudes about math. Students also noted how pop music integration made math more enjoyable and helped them memorize the information better