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Culture as Capital: Slavery as an Instrument of Cultural Exchange in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Ottoman Empire
Get PDFIn the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Ottoman Empire and European states clashed during warfare, resulting in mutual enslavement and the collision of cultures. The first-person accounts from enslaved Europeans and Ottomans and the secondary works of historians suggest that, despite losing freedom and experiencing poor treatment and violence, captives adapted to their captors’ culture and could actually gain opportunities for social mobility, power, and agency through cultural exchange. Living and working within an otherwise unknown culture, they participated intimately in a cultural exchange that included learning and applying new languages, skills, and customs. This cultural exchange did not stay solely with individual experience. As they used and shared what they learned, through interpersonal relationships, literature, and diplomacy, captives changed both the new culture and their own. The impact of these captives’ cultural exchange reverberated throughout Europe and the Ottoman Empire, in their own time and in centuries to come.
Culture as Capital:
Slavery as an Instrument of Cultural Exchange in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Ottoman Empire
Laura Baldwin
HIST 485: Historical Research
Professor al-Tikriti
April 17, 2023
Abstract
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Ottoman Empire and European states clashed during warfare, resulting in mutual enslavement and the collision of cultures. The first-person accounts from enslaved Europeans and Ottomans and the secondary works of historians suggest that, despite losing freedom and experiencing poor treatment and violence, captives adapted to their captors’ culture and could actually gain opportunities for social mobility, power, and agency through cultural exchange. Living and working within an otherwise unknown culture, they participated intimately in a cultural exchange that included learning and applying new languages, skills, and customs. This cultural exchange did not stay solely with individual experience. As they used and shared what they learned, through interpersonal relationships, literature, and diplomacy, captives changed both the new culture and their own. The impact of these captives’ cultural exchange reverberated throughout Europe and the Ottoman Empire, in their own time and in centuries to come
Why Separating Fact from Fiction is Critical in Teaching US Slavery
No full textOf all the debate over teaching U.S. slavery, it is one sentence of Florida’s revised academic standards that has provoked particular ire: “Instruction includes how slaves developed skills which, in some instances, could be applied for their personal benefit.”
Does this sentence constitute “propaganda,” as Vice President Kamala Harris proclaimed, “an attempt to gaslight us?”
Or is it a reasonable claim in a discussion of a difficult topic
COVID-19\u27s Effects on Students\u27 Educational Growth
Get PDFThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the education system drastically and created many challenges for families as well as schools. When schools moved to online and virtual learning, many students began to fall behind in their education and the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) became harder for schools to meet. The following research explored the effects the pandemic caused in schools and how far behind students are today with their education and socialization. The results of this research will share ways to help today’s students catch up in their education so that they can reach their full potential
Faustian Bargains: Short‐term and Long‐term Contingencies in Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Sociogeny
Get PDFRachlin\u27s interpretations of self-control depend on the short-term versus the long-term consequences of behavior. Sometimes these effects support each other (typing an abstract produces a written product now and is later read by others). Sometimes they conflict (procrastination now is incompatible with finishing the abstract by deadline). We usually reserve the language of self-control for human cases where long-term consequences are chosen over short-term ones. Rachlin made this distinction salient in ontogeny, but it also applies to selection in phylogeny (Darwinian evolution) and sociogeny (behavior passed from one organism to another). Our account examines relations between short-term and long-term consequences at each level of selection. For example, sexual selection has adaptive, short-term mating consequences but may drive species to extreme specializations that jeopardize long-term survival. In sociogeny, as in the Tragedy of the Commons, group members may get immediate economic benefits from exploiting resources but exhaust those resources over the long term. Whatever the level, when short-term and long-term consequences have opposing effects, adaptive behavior may depend on whether temporally extended contingencies exert more control than more immediate benefits
High-/Low-/No-Tech: Toward a Simplified, Practitioner-Centered Framework for Virtual Learning and Beyond
Get PDFThis qualitative study explored the use of the terms high-, low-, and no-tech among pre-service teachers during a sudden shift to virtual instruction. Focus areas included how pre-service teachers and mentor teachers described the role and purpose of these varied levels of technology for their teaching in a virtual setting. The findings show that choices related to levels of technology use are nuanced and complicated and include a need for consideration of the context. We include a simplified framework to guide future instructional decisions for the integration of technology at various levels
Localization of CTG-Repeat-Containing Transgenes in Drosophila melanogaster Myotonic Dystrophy Models
Get PDFMyotonic Dystrophy Type 1, DM1, is a multi-systemic muscle wasting disorder that results from expression of expanded CTG repeats in the DMPK gene in humans. Three transgenic Drosophila melanogaster lines have been created containing 60, 250, or 480 CTG repeats to model DM1. The transgenic repeats are expressed using the GAL4/UAS system. Expression of long-repeat transgenes ((CTG)250 and i(CTG)480) produces phenotypes consistent with DM1, relative to control lines ((CTG)60). The precise chromosomal location of insertion of the transgenes has not been reported. We used classical genetic approaches to localize CTG-repeat transgene insertion to a specific chromosome. We used GAL4 drivers with known locations to drive expression of repeats and assessed eye color phenotypes of the F2 generation. Results from the genetic analysis suggest that the (CTG)250 and i(CTG)480 transgene are likely localized to chromosome 2 and the (CTG)60 transgene is likely localized to chromosome 3. Knowing the location of the transgenes can allow for more practical mating schemes to study DM1 disease mechanisms, as well as provides crucial information for understanding transgene expression. The climbing velocity and flight capability tests were used to look at the effect of different drivers on muscle performance. The Mef2-GAL4 driver had the largest statistical difference in the climbing velocity test and the Hsp70-GAL4 driver had the largest statistical differences in the flight capability. These drivers should be chosen to improve the physiological differences seen in DM1 flies in future studies utilizing these tests. With the CTG repeat transgenes localized to a respective chromosome, researchers can better utilize these models to investigate disease mechanisms and potential treatments for DM1
De novo Genome Assembly of Auanema melissensis, a Trioecious Free-Living Nematode
No full textNematodes of the genus Auanema are interesting models for studying sex determination mechanisms because their populations consist of three sexual morphs (males, females, and hermaphrodites) and produce skewed sex ratios. Here, we introduce a new undescribed species of this genus, Auanema melissensis n. sp., together with its draft nuclear genome. This species is also trioecious and does not cross with the other described species A. rhodensis or A. freiburgensis. Similar to A. freiburgensis, A. melissensis’ maternal environment influences the hermaphrodite versus female sex determination of the offspring. The genome of A. melissensis is ~60 Mb, containing 11,040 protein-coding genes and 8.07% of repeat sequences. Using the estimated ancestral chromosomal gene content (Nigon elements), it was possible to identify putative X chromosome scaffolds
Factors Affecting Total and Bioavailable Concentrations of Trace Metals in Surface Soils in the Kingston, Jamaica, Region
Get PDFThis study investigated background levels of concerning metals in a variety of soils in and near Kingston, the capital of Jamaica. Minimal soil sample collection and analysis had occurred since a 1988 island-wide geochemical survey revealed very high concentrations of total Cd in many regions, along with elevated concentrations of As, Cu, Zn, and Cr in some types of soil, with background lead levels elevated only at specific polluted sites. An updated examination was deemed important due to a growing city population, increased fuel combustion, and intensive urban gardening. This study analyzed soils collected in 2022 for total metal concentrations, as well as bioavailable concentrations, previously only reported for lead. The typically basic soils in this urban center of a tropical country provided interesting preliminary results regarding metal content in the region’s soils. Arsenic and cadmium were detected in every soil, usually far exceeding US EPA cleanup levels. By contrast, Pb levels were lower than expected. Further analysis looked for correlations in the soil samples between metal concentrations and pH, organic matter content, and soil texture
Miss You
No full textA study of accurately portraying my dreams using mixed-media video work. “A group of protagonists end up on a train that takes them towards the edge of the forest. They exit the train and find a rest stop, but something about the owner is a little suspicious…
Where to Place Emergency Ambulance Vehicles: Use of a Capacitated Maximum Covering Location Model with Real Call Data
No full textThis study integrates geographical information systems (GIS) with a mathematical optimization technique to enhance emergency medical services (EMS) coverage in a county in the northeast of Iran. EMS demand locations were determined through one-year EMS call data analysis. We formulated a maximal covering location problem (MCLP) as a mixed-integer linear programming model with a capacity threshold for vehicles using the CPLEX optimizer, an optimization software package from IBM. To ensure applicability to the EMS setting, we incorporated a constraint that maintains an acceptable level of service for all EMS calls. Specifically, we implemented two scenarios: a relocation model for existing ambulances and an allocation model for new ambulances, both using a list of candidate locations. The relocation model increased the proportion of calls within the 5-minute coverage standard from 69% to 75%. With the allocation model, we found that the coverage proportion could rise to 84% of total calls by adding ten vehicles and eight new stations. The incorporation of GIS techniques into optimization modelling holds promise for the efficient management of scarce healthcare resources, particularly in situations where time is of the essence