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Consumer Liability and Firm Responsiveness: Evidence from Automobile Recalls
No full textRegulations for product recalls differ internationally. In some countries, the responsibility rests entirely with manufacturers to quickly take corrective measures to ensure consumer safety. In other countries, penalties may also be imposed on consumers who persist in using products that have been recalled. We hypothesize that firm responsiveness (as measured by the time between the product release and the recall) will be higher in markets where product safety regulations that include consumer liability than in markets where product safety regulations focus solely on firms, and that firms that standardize their vehicles across such markets become more responsive in both those markets. We test our hypotheses using data on 569 automobile recalls issued during 2003 to 2019 in four different markets (the US, Australia, Germany, and the UK) that differ in their regulatory focus. Our empirical examination using survival analysis techniques with an accelerated failure time model confirms that the time to recall is shorter in countries that include consumer liability and for standardized vehicles that are sold across countries that include and exclude consumer liability
Ch. 26: The Political Economy of Macroeconomic Policy in India
No full textThis chapter appears in the book, The Oxford Handbook of Indian Politics. Edited by Sumit Ganguly and Eswaran Sriharan.
Chapter abstract: India’s macroeconomic policy has largely been driven by the need to create a stable environment for economic development and poverty reduction. In the immediate period after Independence, the concern for economic development led to policies that gave the government a central role in investment and production. By the 1970s, trade policy grew more protectionist trade policies and policies governing domestic and foreign investors more restrictive. A gradual reversal began after 1980 and in 1991, the Indian government undertook comprehensive liberalization of trade, investment and exchange rate policies, opening up most sectors to both domestic and foreign private investment. These new policies set the GDP growth rate on a higher path after 1980, reducing poverty on the one hand and increasing inequality on the other. This chapter shows that the executive enjoyed substantial autonomy in policymaking during the first 3 decades after Independence and embraced fiscal conservatism. However, the rise of diverse sectoral interests has led to a decline in autonomy. Policy-making during the more recent decades is marked by societal and sectoral demands, resulting in sharp increases in fiscal deficits. Higher levels of economic growth have allowed politicians the option of avoiding difficult reform decisions required to tame those deficits. At the same time, achieving higher growth rates in the future—a pre-requisite for continued economic development—will require sectoral reforms thus far thwarted by domestic politics. Overall, preferences of domestic businesses and large farm owners continue to shape most policies.https://scholar.umw.edu/ps_ia_books/1011/thumbnail.jp
Medieval German Christian Women’s Religious Experience
Get PDFIn the medieval period, both professed women and laywomen were deeply involved in manuscript production, and the use of books was often a vital part of their religious practices. In order to fully understand the value that manuscripts held for medieval women it is important to understand the medical and philosophical understandings of sex that permeated medieval society in order to better understand gendered experiences within Christian spaces. Additionally, examining how vision was understood as both a physical and spiritual process allows for a deeper understanding of how visual art is used in religious contexts. In the medieval period, understandings of sex, philosophy, and religion were all inextricably intertwined, making an interdisciplinary approach ideal. This paper will explore the overlap of gender and visual experience and apply them to two manuscripts produced and used by women in Medingen Abbey, a Cistercian convent located near the town of Lüneburg
5-Fluorouracil Induced Oxidative Stress is Variable Across Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Get PDFTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with treatment limited to chemotherapy. However, not all patient tumors respond to chemotherapy. The variable cytotoxic effects of chemotherapies may be due to how cancer cells regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we examined two mouse breast cancer cell lines: 4T1 and EO771, vary when treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), known ROS-inducing substances. In 4T1 cells H2O2 increased oxidized DNA but caused minimal cell death. While in EO771 cells that same amount of H2O2 caused complete apoptosis. Cell number, ROS, and cell death showed a dose-dependent connection between 4T1 cells and increased 5FU concentrations. Additionally, the EO771 cells had a dose threshold at 0.01mM in which greater concentrations lowered cell number but did not always increase cell death. Both ROS-inducing treatments suggest cell lines have varying capacities for ROS. To determine how cells defend against oxidative stress we examined the expression of the novel antioxidant enzyme Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase b3 (Msrb3).The gene amplification of MsrB3 measured by qPCR, demonstrated basal MsrB3 expression is higher in 4T1 cells compared to EO771. Additionally, relative gene expression after 5FU treatment concluded that 4T1 cells increase the antioxidant gene expression, heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and may have the ability to increase MsrB3 while EO771 cells cannot. Overall, this difference suggests that EO771 cells are susceptible to 5FU treatment while 4T1 cells are more resistant because they can better regulate oxidative stress
Democracy and Organized Crime: The Case of Brazil
Get PDFLocal-level democracy is crucial to the strength of a country’s democracy. In Brazil, informal housing settlements known as favelas have started to outpace the growth of the cities in which they exist, yet favelas often lack equal access to democratic institutions that ensure citizens’ rights. Organized crime groups have emerged in these settlements that threaten the strength and stability of local-level democracy. This yields the question, “How does organized crime impact democracy in Brazil?” Through case studies of Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte, this thesis explores whether criminal organizations influence political participation in Brazilian favelas. The case studies are compared in terms of the differences and similarities of organized crime strength, state-OCG relationships, and local governance and civil society. These findings offer insight into how organized crime can undermine democratic institutions and therefore weaken Brazil’s democracy
Christian Nationalism’s Effect on Women\u27s Socioeconomic Status in the United States
Get PDFThis paper will discuss existing literature on the moral reasoning behind conservative evangelicals’ and Christian Nationalists’ views about women’s subordination. Through various tools like homeschooling, fear-mongering, and policy implementation conservative evangelicals have been able to shape their idea of what role women should fill and gain the following of evangelical women. Additionally, this paper will discuss the balance and reforms needed between working for equality for women and holding respect for the religious views of all Americans, including conservative evangelicals; as well as provide a counter-argument from the perspective of conservative evangelicals. This paper will also explore practical solutions to counter the problematic teachings of evangelicals concerning their ideas of women’s status
A Journey on the Orient Express
No full textThis website served as a tool to enhance and document my process in Murder on the Orient Express. It encompasses techniques I explored, my research, and an intriguing look into how my process works and affects me.
I believe theatre is intangible. That human interaction cannot be replicated, and no performance is the same. Thus, this is not an attempt to imitate the magic of the process or any production, but to explore and demonstrate how I approach acting in a fundamental way.
I hope you enjoy it
Virginia History Standards and Inclusivity
Get PDFDiversity in the Commonwealth of Virginia is increasing rapidly and there is some concern among citizens that the Social Studies Standards of Learning are not accurately representative of the student population. The purpose of this study was to analyze and assess the current Standards of Learning for diversity and inclusion. The research study was a content analysis of the 2023 Social Studies Standards of Learning. It was found that the standards do not currently reflect the diversity of the student population. The results of this research study highlights gaps in diversity and inclusion of racial/ethnic groups and genders in Standards of Learning for the Commonwealth of Virginia
Replication and growth in cassava cultivation and uxorilocal women’s relations among the Waiwai: a mother\u27s reckoning with death and social change
No full textThrough an ethnographic examination of the shared capacities of cassava and womanhood for what I term growth and replication, I argue that Waiwai sociality seeks to curtail the trajectory of life towards finite death through the intervening act of cutting and replanting or replicating life in a vegetatively inspired form of the “episodic present” (Strathern 2021). An extended vignette demonstrates how these features of Waiwai sociality take shape in mother-daughter and sister relations at the core of uxorilocal residential living, and in a senior woman’s reckonings with illness, death, and social change
Late-Night in Washington: Political Humor and the American Presidency
No full textThis book traces the trajectory of late-night political humor, which has long been a staple of entertainment television and is now a prominent part of social media political discourse, especially when it comes to the presidency. From Richard Nixon on Laugh-In to Donald Trump’s avatar on Saturday Night Live, this book takes the next step and considers how late-night comedy treats Joe Biden, the new American president who strives to restore a civil public tone but offers far less comedy fodder than his predecessor. Employing content analysis, public opinion surveys, and a variety of other quantitative and qualitative research, the authors look beyond the day-to-day memes and mimes of late-night comics and show how political humor may evolve. For students and scholars of politics and the media, this book will appeal to the general public and political pundits as well.https://scholar.umw.edu/ps_ia_books/1008/thumbnail.jp