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Assessment of regulation compliance and quality of sachet water factories In Ibadan North Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria
Get PDFProvision of clean drinking water is one of the basic human necessities for healthy livelihood. In Nigeria, many people relied on sachet waters as an alternative source of clean drinking water. However, complaints abound regarding lack of proper water quality standard being used which is a major health concern. This study assessed the regulatory compliance of some sachet water production companies and water quality standard in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered on factory’s organisational structure and staffing; facilities and equipment; water treatment processes and sanitation practices, Also, Sachet water samples were analysed for the contaminants of Turbidity, Colour, Odour, pH, Nitrate, Chloride, Iron, Electrical conductivity and E-coli count. From the questionnaire analysis, the adherence level with the regulations was poor as majority (60%) of the sachet water factories have poor organisational structure and only 33% have adequate facilities and equipment. However, water quality analysis showed that most of the sachet water parameters tested were within the standard range except for pH values and E Coli count which majority (70%) falls below standard for both. The study concludes that most sachet water brands produced are unsafe for human consumption. There is need for proper monitoring by relevant agencies towards ensuring sachet water factories continuously complied with standard operations for better public health in the study area
Potential of Jesse clay as drilling mud
Get PDFThe high bottom hole pressure normally encountered during drilling, poses serious challenges during drilling operations of oil and gas wells. The unavoidable quest for crude oil source of energy by man, required for running its home and industries, makes the high risk pose by the underground hole pressure a risk-worth taking for new discovery of oil and gas reserve. The fear of encountered formation pressure is conquered by the use of drilling fluid (drilling mud). The drilling mud is a mixture of clay, water and chemicals. The drilling clay possesses certain properties that distinguished, and earmarked it as a drilling fluid, highest economy clay that is highly sorted/hunted for, either as purely for export for economic purpose by countries where it is found but have no oil or for oil and gas exploration activities in countries where hydrocarbon exploration takes pace. Nigeria as a country is a practical scenario of the above case the drill-mud–clay is being imported for the exploration of its large oil and gas reserve. Therefore, this paper seeks address the lingering unresolved challenges of the inability to establish Nigeria’s local drilling mud-clay with properties comparable with the existing imported drilling mud-clay through laboratory analysis of Nigeria clay. In searching for suitable Nigerian clay for to be used as drilling mud, two properties (mud density and sand content) of local clay extracted from Jesse, in Ethiope-West local government area of Delta State was analyzed and the results were recorded and compared with those of imported foreign clay. For their densities, the result was recorded as 8.41kg/m3, 8.50kg/m3, 8.50kg/m3 and 8.67 kg/m3 for local clay, and 8.60 kg/m3, 8.66 kg/m3, 8.67 kg/m3 and 8.83 kg/m3 for foreign /imported Bentonite. The percentage of sand content in both the local and imported foreign drilling mud after analysis, were recorded as 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.2% and1%, 1.5 %, 1.5 % and 2% respectively. The little differences noticed between the sand value of in the drilling mud prepared with local clay and imported clay, indicates that the local drilling mud can be at its best as drilling mud like the conventional drilling mud, which is in accordance with the API recommended value range of between 0.25% -1.2% if the experimented properties are further enhanced
Wealth, values, culture & education: Reviving the essentials for equality and sustainability by J. E. Torabian (2022). Switzerland: Springer Nature Publications
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Molecular Identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolated from Biomedical Waste in General Hospital Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Get PDFBiomedical waste materials produced in hospitals and clinics usually harbour infectious microorganisms, which can pose a threat to societal health and well-being, especially when improperly disposed of. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a very virulent pathogen of man and animals, with a high prevalence due to a very low infective dose. The present study was conducted between July to September, 2021 on biomedical waste in General Hospital Dutse to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7. A total of 200 samples were randomly collected from the different units of the hospital and analysed using standard microbiological, biochemical and molecular techniques. The frequency of occurrence of Escherichia coli was 73 (36.5%) out of which Escherichia coli O157:H7 were 20 (10%) and others were 127 (63.5%). The detected Escherichia coli O157:H7 was subjected to tests for the virulence genes stx1 and stx2, Four (4) of the samples were found to possess the virulent gene stx2 alone while the other had neither. The presence of presumptive Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the waste samples may directly point to improper waste management practices and may result into outbreak of disease is the waste materials are not disposed of sanitarily. It is therefore recommended that more attention should be placed on the waste management practices employed in the hospital and a critical review of the already existing practices to tally with international standards
Analysis of sildenafil citrate in herbal aphrodisiac preparations marketed in Sokoto metropolis and its public health implications
Get PDFAphrodisiacs are among the most widely marketed and consumed herbal products in North-Western Nigeria. There are speculations that these products are being adulterated with orthodox medicines in order to boost their effects and sales. The objective of current research was to analyse the presence of adulterated sildenafil citrate in some herbal aphrodisiacs commonly sold and consumed in Sokoto metropolis. Ten different liquid herbal aphrodisiac preparations marketed in Sokoto metropolis were collected from different areas of the city. Each of the preparation was analysed for adulteration with sildenafil citrate using thin layer chromatography and UV spectroscopy. Five of the preparations were found to contain sildenafil citrate in the range of 34 – 291 mg per daily dose. The findings from this study indicate that some of the herbal aphrodisiac preparations marketed in Sokoto metropolis are being adulterated with substantial amount of undeclared sildenafil citrate, a practice that poses serious public health hazard to its consumers. Consequences of which ranges from nausea, dyspepsia, pain, dizziness, abnormal vision, and headache and potentially heart attack especially among adults with underlying chronic diseases such as hypertension among others
A personhood-based theory and the death penalty: An appraisal of AE Chimakonam’s theory of right action
Get PDFUntil recently, there have only been what are considered to be moral beliefs/worldviews/cultural practices as moral justification for actions in African ethics. However, recent intellectual activities brought about the development of ethical theories that serve as frameworks for justifying actions as good/right or bad/wrong from an African perspective. Guided by the principles that are derivable from African values, norms and thought, the theories provide systematic, coherent and universal frameworks of moral justification in a way that beliefs or worldviews do not. In this paper, I look into one of the theories. Propounded by Amara Esther Chimakonam, the theory draws from the African normative idea of personhood that Ifeanyi Menkiti proposes. My aim is to show its weaknesses and strengths. I begin with the weaknesses by arguing that, among others, the theory is unsuccessful in adequately accommodating individual excellences, such as interests and rights that it promises to accommodate. I then move on to show its strength by demonstrating that it provides a plausible moral argument against the death penalty from an African perspective
Questions and engagements on Aribiah David Attoe’s, Groundwork for a new kind of African metaphysics: The idea of predeterministic historicity
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Influence of Product Information on Processed Maize Flour Marketing by Small and Medium Millers in Dodoma City, Tanzania
No full textThe study aimed at assessing the influence of product information on processed maize flour marketing by small and medium millers in Dodoma City. According to The City Council of Dodoma (2020), Dodoma has 28 maize flour millers out of 856 in Tanzania. About 17 of the maize flour small and medium millers in Dodoma package their products but 11 do not do so. Also, 70% of customers of maize flour in Dodoma buy the packaged maize flour in bags (viroba) and 30% of the rest of customers go to the millers with their maize for processing; others buy in small portions measured in small tins. However, with little or no formal studies carried out in Dodoma city on product information and its effect on processed maize flour marketing by small and medium millers in Dodoma city’s perspective, this study, therefore, assessed the influence of product information on the marketing of processed maize flour by small and medium millers in Dodoma city. A crosssectional research design was adopted for this study. A simple random sampling strategy was used in choosing 96 respondents from small and medium millers in Dodoma city. Data was collected through a questionnaire for clients (customers) and in-depth interviews with owners of Small and medium mills for processing maize into flour. Inferential statistics were used to analyse data. The study findings indicated that product information was statistically and significantly related to marketing of processed maize flour by small and medium millers in Dodoma city at a p-value less than 5% (p < 0.000). The study concluded that small and medium millers in Dodoma city, product information, and finally packaging material had a significant effect on the marketing of processed maize flour. This implies that product information had a great contribution to the marketing of processed maize flour by small and medium millers in Dodoma city. The study recommends that Small and medium millers in Dodoma city should always ensure that their packaging is coloured so as to market the processed maize flour. 
Diagnóstico psicosocioeducativo de estudiantes con diversidad funcional de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí (Ecuador)
Get PDFLa inclusión educativa es una necesidad de las universidades actualmente. En la Universidad Técnica de Manabí de la República del Ecuador existen contradicciones entre las políticas institucionales del centro y la concepción del proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje en los estudiantes con diversidad funcional. Lo anterior atenta contra la integración de estos en las actividades educativas e incentiva la exclusión. Se planteó como objetivo del presente estudio: desarrollar un diagnóstico en el ámbito psicológico educativo de los estudiantes con diversidad funcional de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí en Ecuador. El estudio clasificó como mixto predominantemente cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, destacando el método de encuesta y el criterio de especialistas que facilitaron la recogida de los datos. Se realizó un diagnóstico psicológico educativo de estudiantes con diversidad funcional de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí en Ecuador a partir de los niveles: a) familiar, b) académica, c) sociocultural y d) psicosocial. A partir de los resultados se realizó una propuesta de mejoras con la finalidad de que los estudiantes con diversidad funcional del centro educativo mencionado logren integrarse de forma óptima a la educación superior. Se concluyó que constituye una necesidad la construcción de una educación inclusiva que integre las diferencias como oportunidades para el desarrollo y la calidad del proceso educativo
Developmental Trends in Igbe Music of the Urhobo in the 21st Century
No full textIgbe has been a religious practice among the Urhobo since the late 19th century with its origin in Kokori, Agbon clan in Delta State. The music comprises a combination of chants, dances, speech, songs and musical instruments performed during ritualistic and social ceremonies. Since the emergence of Igbe music, much interaction with social development and information technology (ICT) has resulted in visible changes. However, the degree of the impact of these changes on Igbe music has not received desired academic attention. This paper therefore examine sthe various innovations in Igbe music to make its application relevant in the 21st century. From oral interviews and participant observation, it was established that in-corporation of Western bass drum (Ibani), various amplification gadgets, establishment of Igbe popular dance band and the waxing of Igbe songs/records in recording studios geared towards rebranding Igbe music and making it relevant in modern era. It is therefore recommended that, within a tolerable religious change, music should receive high administrative support to achieve the purpose for which it is part of the system