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Comparative evaluation of entrance surface doses for chest and lumbar spine x-rays in three radiology units in Yaounde, Cameroon: Évaluation comparative des Doses d’Entrées de Surface pour les radiographies du thorax et du rachis lombaire dans trois services de radiologie de Yaounde, Cameroun
No full textObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) in patients undergoing two routine most frequent diagnostic radiographic procedures (frontal Chest X-ray (CXR), frontal and lateral views of the lumbar spine X-rays (LSXR)) in three radiology unitsMaterial and Methods: The ESD was determined by calculation using the Davis formula. The 3rd quartile of ESD were selected as Local Diagnostic Reference Level (LDRL) and compared to existing data for each specific examination.Results: The result reveal LDRL ranging between 0.09 - 0.34 mGy, 2.8 – 7.79 mGy and 6.9 – 13.39 mGy respectively for frontal CXR, frontal LSXR and lateral LSXR. Important variability of the exposure parameters within and between radiologic units was noted. The LDRL in this study were lower than international recommendations for frontal CXR and frontal LSXRConclusion: The wide variability of exposure parameters highlights the contribution of radiographer in patient dose management. This study brings out the need of establishing national DRLs, heightening awareness of radiographers on the optimization of patient’s doses during routine procedures
Objectifs : Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer la dose d’entrées de surface (DES) chez les patients subissant deux procédures radiographiques diagnostiques de routine les plus fréquentes : radiographie thoracique incidence de face, radiographie du rachis lombaire incidence de face et de profil dans trois services de radiologieMatériel et méthodes : La DES était déterminée par calcul en utilisant la formule de Davis. Le 75e percentile de la DES était considéré comme Niveau de Reference Diagnostic Local (NRDL) et comparé aux données existantesRésultats : Cette étude révèle des NRDL compris entre 0,09 - 0,34 mGy, 2,8 - 7,79 mGy et 6,9 - 13,39 mGy respectivement pour les radiographies du thorax, du rachis lombaire de face et de profil. Nous avons noté une importante variabilité des paramètres d'exposition pour les mêmes examens au sein et entre les unités radiologiques. Les NRDL dans cette étude étaient inférieurs aux recommandations internationales pour les radiographies du thorax et du rachis lombaire de faceConclusions : La grande variabilité des paramètres d'exposition met en évidence la contribution des techniciens de radiographies à la gestion des doses de radiations administrées aux patients. Cette étude ressort la nécessité d’établir des NRD nationaux et de sensibiliser les radiologues et techniciens de radiographie à l’optimisation des doses aux patients lors des procédures de routin
Pseudohermaphrodisme masculin sur syndrome de testicule féminisant à propos d'un cas: Male pseudo-hermaphroditism in feminizing testis syndrome: a case report
No full textLes anomalies de la différentiation sexuelle aussi appelées ambiguïtés sexuelles, sont des anomalies congénitales dans lesquelles le chromosome, les gonades ou l’anatomie du sexe sont atypiques. Une bonne étude anatomique des organes génitaux de l’individu ayant une ambiguïté sexuelle est indispensable afin de lui assigner un genre et duquel découlera la conduite thérapeutique.Ces anomalies sont classées globalement en quatre groupes que sont : le pseudo hermaphrodisme féminin, le pseudohermaphrodisme masculin, les dysgénésies gonadiques pures ou mixtes et l’hermaphrodisme vrai.L’imagerie joue un rôle primordial en faisant le bilan lésionnel des anomalies anatomiques et des lésions associées. L’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) a plus une meilleure définition anatomique des organes génitaux, du fait de sa bonne résolution tissulaire et en contraste, ses possibilités d’étude multi planaire et son innocuité.Les auteurs rapportent un cas d’ambigüité sexuelle chez un individu de 26 ans chez qui une exploration IRM a été faite en plus d’une échographie dans le cadre d’un bilan de testicule féminisant. L’IRM a permis de faire un bilan complet des anomalies anatomiques et de conclure à un pseudohermaphrodisme masculin. Ce cas illustre donc bien l’intérêt primordial de cette technique d’imagerie dans la prise en charge d’une ambigüité sexuelle.
Disorders of sex development (DSDs) or intersexual disorders are congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal or anatomic sex is atypical. Accurate demonstration of genital anatomy is essential for proper gender assignment and for treatment of DSDs.These disorders can be classified broadly in four categories: female pseudo-hermaphroditism, male pseudo-hermaphroditism, gonadal dysgenesis either mixed or pure and true hermaphroditism.Imaging plays an important role in demonstrating the anatomy and associated anomalies. Resonance magnetic imaging have a best definition of genital anatomy, which offers unsurpassed soft tissue contrast definition, multiplanar capability, and no radiation exposure.The authors report a case on a disorder of sex development of a 26-year-old person who has a MRI exploration after an ultrasonography in as suspicion of feminizing testis syndrome. MR allow a diagnosis of anatomic abnormalities and the conclusion of a male pseudohermaphroditism. This case report shows the best interest of imaging in the management ofDSDs
Pneumonie lipidique exogène du nourrisson atteint de maladie de Hirschsprung: aspects radiographiques et tomodensitométriques: Exogenous lipid pneumonia in infants with Hirschsprung disease: radiographic and computed tomography aspects.
No full textObjectifs : Déterminer la prévalence de la pneumonie lipidique exogène, étudier les indications des examens d’imagerie et décrire ses caractéristiques radiologiques et tomodensitométriques.Patients et méthode : Une étude rétrospective multicentrique sur 6 ans, a concerné 14 nourrissons atteints de maladie de Hirschsprung, traités à l’huile de paraffine et présentant une pneumopathie chronique non tuberculeuse. Ils ont bénéficié de radiographies du thorax de face et / ou de tomodensitométries avec mesures de densité.Résultats : Le tableau clinique est univoque à type de détresse respiratoire dans un contexte de malnutrition avec hypoxie chronique, perte ou stagnation pondérale, conduisant aux examens d’imagerie. L’aspect et la distribution des lésions sont uniformes, faites de clartés non aériques à la radiographie et d’hypodensités graisseuses, postérieures dans 80 à 100% des cas et atteignant au moins deux lobes à la TDM. La prévalence est de 10,85% dans notre population.Conclusion : La PLE doit être évoquée chez le nourrisson atteint de maladie de Hirschsprung et traité à l’huile de paraffine, dès la survenue d’une pneumopathie sans signes biologiques évidents. La TDM permet de mettre en évidence l’hypodensité graisseuse caractéristique des lésions.
Objectives : Determine the prevalence of exogenous lipid pneumonia, study the indications for imaging examinations in and describe its radiological and computed tomography characteristics.Patients and method : A six-year retrospective multicenter study involved 14 infants with Hirschsprung's disease treated with paraffin oil and with chronic non tuberculous pneumonia. They benefited from chest x-rays and / or tomodensitometry with density measurements.Results : The clinical picture is unequivocal in the type of respiratory distress in a context of malnutrition with chronic hypoxia, weight loss or stagnation, leading to imaging examinations. The lesions are uniform in appearance and distribution, with non-airy clarity on x-ray and fatty hypodensities, posterior in 80-100% of cases, reaching at least two lobes on CT. The prevalence is 10.85% in our population.Conclusion : The diagnosis of PLE should be made in infants with Hirschsprung's disease who are treated with paraffin oil as soon as they develop pneumonia without obvious biological signs. CT allows to highlight the characteristic fatty hypodensity within the lesions
Deux cas de tuberculomes cérébraux identifiés chez des migrants africains vivants en France.: Two cases of cerebral tuberculomas identified in African migrants living in France.
Full text linkLa tuberculose du système nerveux central (SNC) représente 1% de l'ensemble de la tuberculose. Elle est un problème de santé publique important dans les pays en développement et reste la forme la plus sévère des tuberculoses extra pulmonaires avec un taux élevé de mortalité et de séquelles nerveux résiduels. L’atteinte du système nerveux central chez un patient immunocompétent et surtout dans les pays occidentaux demeure rare. Nous rapportons deux cas de tuberculomes cérébraux révélée à l’IRM cérébrale et confirmé par la biopsie cérébrale chez des migrants africains originaires du Mali et de la Côte d’Ivoire, immunocompétents vivant en France.
Tuberculosis of the central nervous system (CNS) accounts for 1% of all tuberculosis. It is a major public health problem in developing countries and remains the most severe form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis with a high rate of mortality and residual nervous sequelae. Central nervous system involvement in an immunocompetent patient and especially in western countries remains rare. We report two cases of cerebral tuberculomas revealed by cerebral MRI and confirmed by cerebral biopsy in African migrants from Mali and the Ivory Coast, immunocompetent living in France
Apport de la TDM thoracique pour le dépistage de la COVID-19 et impact médico-économique de la pandémie à COVID-19 au service de radiologie de Fann (Dakar-Sénégal): Contribution of thoracic CT for COVID-19 screening and medico-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the radiology department of Fann (Dakar-Senegal)
Full text linkObjectifs : Évaluer l’apport de la TDM thoracique dans le diagnostic des patients suspects de COVID-19 en comparaison avec la technique de référence (RT-PCR) et déterminer l’impact médico-économique de la COVID-19 au service de radiologie du CHU de Fann.Matériels et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective, descriptive sur une période de 4 mois allant du 1er Avril au 31 Juillet 2020, au service de radiologie du CHU de Fann.Ont été inclus les patients reçus pour suspicion clinique de COVID-19, qui avaient eu une TDM thoracique et un prélèvement naso-pharyngé par écouvillonnage pour RT-PCR, soit au total 314 patients. Nous avons étudié les données épidémiologiques, cliniques, les images évocatrices de COVID-19 (opacités en verre dépoli, condensation, topographie lésionnelle), existence ou non d’une embolie, les anomalies en faveur de surinfection, les lésions associées, l’impact sur la fréquentation des différentes modalités et l’impact sur les recettes.Résultats : L’âge médian était de 62 ans et le sex-ratio 1,61. La fièvre a été présente chez 7 patients (2,23%) ; la toux chez 17 patients (5,41%) ; la dyspnée chez 30 patients (9,55%) et un syndrome de détresse respiratoire chez 63 patients (20,07%). La clinique n’a pas été précisée chez 163 patients (51,91%). La TDM thoracique était normale chez 20 patients (6,37%), évocatrice de COVID-19 chez 274 patients (87,26%) et non évocatrice de COVID-19 chez 20 patients (6,37%). La RT-PCR était positive chez 125 patients soit 39,80%. La sensibilité et la spécificité de la TDM étaient respectivement de 91,2% et 15,34%. La valeur prédictive positive, la valeur prédictive négative et le taux de précision étaient respectivement de 42%, 72,5% et 45,5%. La baisse du taux de fréquentation était de 59% en radiographie standard, 55% en échographie, 24% au scanner et 87% en mammographie. Dans notre étude on a noté une baisse de 40% des recettes au second trimestre de 2020 comparativement au premier trimestre.Conclusion : La TDM thoracique a une bonne sensibilité pour le diagnostic de la COVID-19. De ce fait, elle peut être considérée comme un outil principal pour la détection des lésions pulmonaires évocatrices de pneumonie COVID-19. Les impacts médico-économiques de la COVID-19 ont été considérables.
Objectives: To evaluate the contribution of thoracic CT in the diagnosis of patients suspected of having COVID-19 in comparison with the reference technique (RT-PCR) and to determine the medico-economic impact of COVID-19 in the radiology department of the CHU of Fann.Materials and methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study over a 4-month period from April 1 to July 31, 2020, in the radiology department of the CHNU of Fann.Patients were included if they were clinically suspected of having COVID-19, had a thoracic CT scan and a nasopharyngeal swab for RT-PCR, i.e. a total of 314 patients.We studied epidemiological and clinical data, images suggestive of COVID-19 (ground glass opacities, condensation, lesion’ location), existence or not of embolism, abnormalities in favor of superinfection, associated lesions, impact on the attendance of the different modalities and impact on revenues.Results: The median age was 62 years and the sex ratio 1.61. Fever was present in 7 patients (2.23%); cough in 17 patients (5.41%); dyspnea in 30 patients (9.55%) and respiratory distress syndrome in 63 patients (20.07%). The clinic was not specified in 163 patients (51.91%). Chest CT was normal in 20 patients (6.37%), suggestive of COVID-19 in 274 patients (87.26%) and not suggestive of COVID-19 in 20 patients (6.37%). RT-PCR was positive in 125 patients (39.80%). The sensitivity and specificity of CT were 91.2% and 15.34% respectively. The positive predictive value, the negative predictive value and the accuracy rate were respectively 42%, 72.5% and 45.5%. The decrease in attendance rate was 59% in standard radiography, 55% in ultrasound, 24% in CT and 87% in mammography. In our study there was a 40% decrease in revenue in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter.Conclusion: Chest CT has a good sensitivity for the diagnosis of COVID-19. As such, it can be considered a primary tool for detecting lung lesions suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia. The medico-economic impact of COVID-19 has been considerable
Teaching information literacy in Nigerian universities using advanced technologies
Full text linkRationale of Study – The study examined the use of advanced technologies in teaching information literacy in Nigerian universities. The specific objectives of the study were to identify the old methods of teaching information literacy in the Nigerian universities; identity the old contents and the new ones to be added; determine the advanced technologies that are used or that will be used to teach information literacy; identify the challenges associated with using new methods introduced due to the advancement in technology or the emergence of the fourth industrial era; and determine the way forward to teaching information literacy in the future.Methodology – The study adopted a qualitative approach. Five universities in Nigeria were purposively sampled for the study. Observations, document analysis, and a review of the literature were conducted. The curriculum for information literacy courses and library instructions in Nigerian universities were reviewed. This was to determine the old contents and methods used to teach them and the new ones through a review of recent literature on the most recent technological advancement currently influencing the information literacy teaching methods in universities.Findings – The findings revealed that the traditional face-to-face teaching method is the most common method used by most universities in Nigeria to teach information literacy instruction. It is currently complemented by technological tools such as tablets and Google classroom. Power failure, inadequate access to laptops, tablets, and Android phones, and inadequate funding are challenges associated with using advanced technology to teach information literacy.Implications – The findings of this study can be used to improve the impact of information literacy programmes in academic libraries in Nigeria, the sub-Saharan Africa and beyond using advanced technologies.Originality – This is an original study which explores modernised approaches to teaching information literacy in academic libraries in Nigeria
Factors Promoting the Use of ICT Hardware in University Libraries in Two Nigerian Regions
Full text linkRationale of Study – This paper examined the factors promoting the usage of ICT hardware in university libraries in two Nigerian regions.Methodology – The study adopted a survey type of descriptive research design. The population of the study is 512 librarians from 41 university libraries in two Nigeria regions were used for the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and the data were analysed using linear regression.Findings – The study revealed that knowledge, anxiety and librarian attitude are factors promoting the usage of ICT hardware in university libraries in two Nigerian regions.Implications – From the study findings, it was recommended that librarians should be trained on the job to have a robust knowledge of ICT equipment usage to enable them to remain relevant in university libraries. University management and librarians should ensure that working environments are ICT friendly. This will reduce anxiety among librarians expected to render library services through ICT hardware. Finally, librarians should be encouraged to approach ICT facilities in university libraries positively.Originality – The study has provided information on the factors that will influence or promote the use of ICT hardware in university libraries in two Nigerian regions
Management and Use of Indigenous Knowledge in Selected Public Institutions in the Nairobi City County, Kenya
Full text linkRationale of Study – The aim of the study was to investigate how indigenous knowledge is managed and used in selected public institutions within Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish how indigenous knowledge is acquired from local communities; explore the forms of indigenous knowledge managed and used; examine the indigenous knowledge management and use processes; investigate the challenges and opportunities in the management and use of indigenous knowledge; and recommend how to improve the management and use of indigenous knowledge.
Methodology – The researcher adopted a qualitative research approach using a multiple case study design. Data was collected from 16 officers drawn from the National Museum of Kenya, Kenya National Library Service, Kenya National Archives and Documentation Service, and Kenya Medical Research Institute which deal with the management and use of indigenous knowledge in Nairobi City County.
Findings – The institutions lacked policies to guide the acquisition of indigenous knowledge from local communities. There were various forms of indigenous knowledge managed and used in the public institutions. However, there were no guidelines for their management and use. The study concluded that although indigenous knowledge plays a significant role, it was neither properly managed nor used. Therefore, there is need to properly harness and manage its use.
Implications – The study recommends the formulation of a proper legal framework to guide the management and use of indigenous knowledge. There is also need for adequate allocation of resources, publicity and setting up of more indigenous knowledge repositories.
Originality – This paper is based on a Master of Science in Information and Knowledge Management dissertation written at the Technical University of Kenya in 2018
