AJOL - African Journals Online
Not a member yet
221688 research outputs found
Sort by
Appropriation des projets de reconversion en irrigation localisée dans les oasis du Tafilalet : Cas de la commune territoriale de Fezna
No full textDans les oasis du Maroc, l’agriculture irriguée est confrontée à une pénurie en eau croissante due à des sécheresses fréquentes et à une forte pression sur la ressource hydrique. Pour pallier à cette situation, les agriculteurs ont de plus en plus recours à l’irrigation localisée. Afin de comprendre les modes d’appropriation de cette nouvelle technique au sein des systèmes oasiens, nous avons analysé 7 projets de reconversion individuelle et collective à la technique du goutte-à-goutte dans l’oasis de Fezna dans le Tafilalet. Trois modes d’appropriation de cette nouvelle technique ont été distingués : i) une appropriation ouverte caractérisée par une logique de prise de risque ; ii) une appropriation plutôt conservatrice dominée par une logique sécuritaire et enfin iii) une appropriation par bricolage expliquée par le manque de moyens matériels. L’innovation du goutte-à-goutte contribue à une dynamique d’intensification agricole, mais qui, de façon paradoxale, se traduit aussi par un accroissement notoire du recours aux ressources en eau souterraines, et de ce fait peut contribuer à accentuer les problèmes de durabilité du fonctionnement de cette oasis
Les contrats agricoles affectent-ils différemment les producteurs et les productrices ? Cas de la filière riz au Bénin
No full textLes contrats agricoles sont reconnus comme une innovation permettant de résoudre les problèmes de productivité et de défaillances de marchés auxquels sont confrontés les producteurs ; mais l’inclusion des agricultrices dans ces contrats est un sujet de controverse. Cette étude réalisée au centre du Bénin examine la participation des femmes productrices de riz aux contrats agricoles ; puis estime et compare les effets des contrats sur la production et le revenu de ces femmes à ceux de leurs homologues masculins. Les données utilisées ont été collectées en 2018 auprès de 342 ménages rizicoles et la méthode de Variable Instrumentale a été utilisée pour calculer l’effet moyen des contrats. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que les femmes participent très peu aux contrats agricoles. Leur participation aux contrats est négociée au sein des organisations de producteurs et très rarement par contrat direct. Pourtant, sur plusieurs aspects, elles tirent plus d’avantages de la participation aux contrats que leurs homologues masculins. En effet, les résultats de l’analyse d’impact montrent que la participation aux contrats s’accompagne d’une augmentation de la production et du revenu chez tous les producteurs, et cette augmentation est plus élevée chez les femmes que les hommes. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que le contrat agricole est un outil intéressant de développement de la riziculture au Bénin, d’autant plus lorsque les femmes sont parties prenantes
Les femmes face aux difficultés d’accès au leadership local à Asrir (Maroc)
No full textAfin de comprendre la dynamique de changement de la condition de la femme marocaine, cette contribution vise à analyser la difficulté d’accès de la femme au leadership coopératif dans la commune rurale d’Asrir relevant de la province de Guelmim. Pour identifier les positions occupées par les femmes au sein du leadership coopératif local, nous avons opté pour une approche méthodologique diversifiée basée sur des données d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés avec des acteurs coopératifs des deux sexes, et des personnes ressources, ainsi que sur des récits de vie de présidents et présidentes de coopératives. Les structures socio-culturelles hiérarchisant femmes et hommes se reproduisent au sein des coopératives familiales mixtes, affectant ainsi l’accès de la femme au leadership local
The Nile and Eritrea: The Nexus between Two Major Conflict Issues of Northeast Africa, 1941–1991
No full textThis article attempts to analyze the nexus between the history of the hydropolitics of the Nile and the Eritrean question, the later armed struggle to secede from Ethiopia across time from 1941 to 1991. It advocates that the Nile issue and the Eritrean question were so intertwined that they needed to be considered to understand together conflicts in the Horn of Africa. The article elucidates the various ways in which the downstream states, mainly Egypt and the Sudan, employed to hamper Ethiopia’s water-development programs these fanned the flame of the Eritrean question, which had the potential to develop into an armed struggle. It also argues that the two downstream states’ moral and material support for the Eritrean secessionists was a direct outcome of the hydropolitics of the Nile. On the other hand, the political strife and wars that Egypt and Sudan helped to instigate inside the Ethiopian Empire, through their support of the Eritrean insurgents, induced Ethiopia to divert its scarce resources into security and defense. Such resources could have been better used to harness the waters of the Nile for development. 
Africa's Continental Free Trade and Sustainable Development: An Economic Assessment
No full textThe quest for Africa's development breakthrough appears to be closely related to the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The Economic Commission of Africa believes the move could solve chronic poverty and joblessness prevailing on the continent. However, the benefit of hindsight reveals limits set by the laws of thermodynamics on the extent to which economic activities can be most beneficial to humanity. The motivation to expand trade thrives on energy for extraction, production, and consumption, yielding undesirable waste products. The need for sustainable development has responded to the limits imposed by excessive waste, stretching environmental carrying capacity to the breaking point. Thus, to avoid repeating past development errors, Africa's Continental Free Trade Area needs to ascertain the extent and cost of resultant environmental damage. Clearly, AfCFTA is yet to consider such effects. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, should be a reminder of how devastating a collision between economic activity and the natural environment can be. So far, studies on AfCFTA have been restricted to quantifying the effects of tariff reductions, non-tariff barriers, and trade facilitation. This study, however, assesses the outcomes of the efforts being made to achieve the goals of AfCFTA, from an environmental economics analytical framework, in line with tenets of sustainable development. It employs data from the World Bank and AfCFTA Secretariat to analyze the welfare effects of AfCFTA through resultant deforestation, solid waste management, and climate change adaptation. The study found the resulting environmental damage to be US450 billion to be realized by 2035. Thus, in its current form, AfCFTA will reduce the economic welfare of Africa by at least US$294.71 billion by 2035. While in the formative stages, AfCFTA will be better served if stakeholders can pay attention to the call for a fully operational plan to offset the impending environmental damage, which cannot be taken for granted if Africa wants sustainable development.  
The Academic Development approach to academic literacy in higher education South Africa: a disconnect between teaching and assessment
No full textAcademic literacy, the ability to cope with the discourse demands of higher education, is believed to be a factor in the poor graduation rates among South African students. As a result, interventions to deal with low levels of this ability have been part of the broader effort by universities to boost student completion rates. In South Africa, two approaches to these interventions and the theories Informing them have been offered to date. In the main, these approaches and their theories have either been generic or discipline-specific in orientation, with the latter being currently the most embraced of the two. The present article is a case study of these two theorizations of academic literacy and aims to demonstrate that although the discipline-specific approach is the most favoured, a void exists currently regarding how its teaching might translate into assessment. This is the case especially when viewed from the way that this approach has been pursued in the field of Academic Development in post-apartheid South Africa. The article demonstrates, in other words, that while the disciplinespecific approach, as pursued by the field of Academic Development, is convincing in terms of how it advocates for teaching, nothing equivalent has come from this field to balance the approach from the side of assessment
Translanguaging as a disruptive pedagogy in language education: An analysis of metacognitive reflections of second-year undergraduate students
No full textDebate on whether the use of translanguaging is disruptive of monolingual ideologies and practices that predominate global tertiary education seem to be still in its infancy. Contemporary research in the area focuses on what appears conflicting though lucid discourses on eliminating boundaries between codes or languages, resulting in no ‘named’ languages. This study adopted a qualitative case study approach in which second year undergraduate students taking a literacy course were purposively sampled. The data was collected through analysing the participants’ course related interactions on the virtual space, WhatsApp. The efficacy of WhatsApp as an instructional tool in the teaching and learning context has escalated the interest among researchers in exploring its potential benefit in a multilingual setting. The paper reports on the crucial role language plays in the comprehension, participation, motivation, and consequent ameliorated academic performance of multilingual students. The findings attest that translanguaging, where languages of input and output are consciously alternated, proves to be an indispensable pedagogy and recommends its incorporation in daily instructional practices
An overview of the choral music of Hannes Taljaard
No full textBetween 1993 and 2020 Hannes Taljaard’s contribution to new music composed is admirable in both quantity and quality. His choral music amounts to about an eighth of his total creative output as composer. None of these works are published though some have been performed by choirs and singing ensembles. Most of these are arrangements of folk melodies, and as with composers such as Bartok and Kodály, most of the arrangements have been reworked to such an extent that it could be referred to as studies on folk melodies. The composer feels that he could reach the audience through the arrangements of melodies which are known to them. Furthermore, he wanted to contribute to the choral repertoire in South Africa’s strong choral tradition. From a work list provided by the composer, the choral genre was not his first engineered establishment as composer. Not only did instrumental music preceded this vocal genre, but lieder for solo voice also laid the path for his exploration of choral compositions. Reference to conversations with the composer presents the background, composing techniques and history of the works, while analytical examples of the works itself highlights different examples of Taljaard’s techniques of creating music for singing ensemble