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    Cancer in a drop: liquid biopsy highlights from the World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) 2025

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    The role of liquid biopsy in oncological care continues to expand, with multiple studies presented at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 2025 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC 2025). This review summarizes recent advances in liquid biopsy for thoracic oncology, encompassing both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In early detection and screening, proteomic profiling has identified potential biomarkers predictive of future lung cancer risk. The integration of proteomics with clinical and imaging data can improve pulmonary nodule malignancy prediction. In resectable NSCLC, tumour-informed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) assay demonstrated high sensitivity for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection, with MRD clearance following neoadjuvant osimertinib or chemo-immunotherapy associated with favorable outcomes. In advanced NSCLC, longitudinal liquid biopsy analyses reveal dynamic subclonal evolution driving early treatment resistance. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) clearance following targeted therapy in MET exon 14 skipping and BRAF-mutated tumors was associated with improved clinical outcomes. Emerging biomarkers such as ctDNA tumour fraction and circulating microRNA signatures are promising for radiotherapy stratification and prediction of immunotherapy-related toxicities. In SCLC, MRD monitoring enables earlier detection of disease progression and supports ctDNA-guided selection of patients for consolidation immunotherapy following chemotherapy. Overall, these advances demonstrate the expanding role of liquid biopsy in improving early detection, guiding treatment, and improving disease monitoring in lung cancer

    Exercise mitigates liver senescence but does not outmatch dietary restriction in obesity-related MASLD

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    BACKGROUND: The present study aims at deciphering the individual or combined benefits of aerobic exercise and dietary restriction on liver senescence, a state characterized by cell cycle arrest and simultaneous resistance to apoptosis, which is considered an established hallmark of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). METHODS: C57BL6 mice were subjected to a normal diet (ND) for 20 weeks or a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with 5 % High-fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) for 12 weeks, followed by eight-week interventions, including dietary restriction (DR), aerobic exercise (EX), a combination of both (DREX) or continuation of a HFD-HFCS diet without intervention. Biomarkers of senescence were analyzed in terms of their liver mRNA expression levels, while GL13 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) immunohistochemical stainings were conducted to examine the levels of senescence-associated lipofuscin and p21(WAF1/CIP1) respectively, to finally investigate their relationship with the grade of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis observed in the studied mice. RESULTS: DR and DREX groups exhibited significantly reduced features of obesity and MASLD-related hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, to a greater extent than the respective amelioration driven by aerobic exercise only in HFDEX animals. A statistically significant increase of mRNA expression was detected for cyclin-dependent kinase p21(WAF1/CIP1) in HFD livers as compared to ND, which was also reversed upon DR-inclusive interventions. Immunohistochemical stainings for GL13 and p21(WAF1/CIP1), as well as for p16(INK4A) confirmed the aforementioned alterations of p21(WAF1/CIP1) at the tissular level while also revealed a p16(INK4A) elevation in HFD livers which was reversed only upon DR/DREX. CONCLUSION: Liver senescence is responsive both to exercise and dietary restriction, but its amelioration in the context of MASLD is more robust upon DR-inclusive interventions

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